副词的讲解
副词的讲解
By Helen
一副词的用法................................................................................................................ 1
1、副词的作用...................................................................................................... 1
2、副词的分类...................................................................................................... 1
3、副词在句中的位置.......................................................................................... 2
4、部分常用副词的特殊用法.............................................................................. 2
5、副词的排列顺序：.......................................................................................... 3
二、形容词变副词........................................................................................................ 3
1、一般规则.......................................................................................................... 3
2、特例.................................................................................................................. 4
3、有些既为形容词，也为副词.......................................................................... 4
4、形容词与副词词义差别.................................................................................. 4
一副词的用法
1、副词的作用
（1）作状语，修饰动词
e.g.He studies very hard.
（2）作定语，修饰形容词
e.g.He is rather silly
（3）作状语，修饰副词
e.g.He ran much faster than I.
（4）做状语，修饰连词
e.g.He fell ill partly because he worked too hard.
（5）作定语，修饰名词
e.g.Life here is full of joy.
（6）置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。
e.g.Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
e.g.Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.
e.g.Obviously, your answer is absolutely wrong.
e.g.Naturally ,you want to discuss this problem with your parents.
2、副词的分类
（1）时间副词：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。
e.g.He often comes to school late.
e.g.What are we going to do tomorrow?
e.g.He is never been to Beijing.
（2）地点副词：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, e.g.everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。
e.g.I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
e.g.He went upstairs.
e.g.Put down your name here.
（3）方式副词：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide
e.g.The old man walked home slowly.
e.g.Please listen to the teacher carefully.
e.g.The birds are flying high.
e.g.He runs very fast.
（4）程度副词：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。
e.g.Her pronunciation is very good.
e.g.She sings quite well.
e.g.I can hardly agree with you.
（5）疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词：how, when, where, why等。 e.g.How are you getting along with your studies?
e.g.Where were you yesterday?
e.g.Why did you do that?
3、副词在句中的位置
（1）多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。e.g.Mr. Smith works very hard.
e.g.She speaks English well.
（2）频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be 动词之后。
e.g.He usually gets up early.
e.g. I’ve never heard him singing.
e.g.She is seldom ill.
（3）程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough 作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
e.g.It is a rather difficult job.
e.g.He runs very fast.
e.g. He didn’t work hard enough.
（4）副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。
e.g.On my way home, I met my uncle.
e.g.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.
（5）作插入语放在两个名词中间
e.g.My friends especially Mary, are very young.
4、部分常用副词的特殊用法
（1）very, much
这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very 用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much 用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。
e.g.She is a very nice girl
e.g. I’m feeling much better now.
Much 可以修饰动词，而very 则不能。
e.g. I don’t like the idea much.
e.g.They did not talk much.
（2）too, either
这两个副词都表示“也”，但too 用于肯定句，either 用于否定句。
e.g.She can dance, and I can dance, too.
e.g. I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.
（3）already, yet
already 一般用于肯定句，yet 一般用于否定句。
e.g.He has already left.
e.g.Have you heard from him yet?
e.g. He hasn’t answered yet.
（4） so, neither
so 和neither 都可用于倒装句，但so 表示肯定，neither 表示否定。
e.g.My brother likes football and so do I.
e.g. My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.
5、副词的排列顺序：
（1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
（2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and 或but 等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully.
（3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
★副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
(错) I very like English.
(对) I like English very much.
二、形容词变副词
1、一般规则
（1）一般情况下直接加“ly”
e.g.quick-quickly; polite-politely; sad-sadly; immediate - immediately; recent-recently
（2）少数以e 结尾的形容词，要去掉e 再加-ly
e.g.true-truly; due-duly
绝大多数辅音字母加e 结尾的形容词直接加-ly
e.g.polite-politely; wide-widely; wise-wisely;nice-nicely
（3）以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”
e.g.happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily
但是如果读音为 / ai /， 直接加ly
e.g.dry-dryly; sly-slyly; shy---shyly
（4）以ic 结尾的词，加ally.
e.g.economic-economically; basic-basically; scientific-scientifically;
automatic-automatically; energetic-energetically
（5）以辅音字母加le 结尾时, 去e 加y
e.g.simple-simply; considerable-considerably; terrible-terribly
gentle-gently; possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly
（6）元音字母加le 时加 ly
e.g.sole-solely 。但是whole-wholly 例外。
（7）以-ll 结尾时，只须加 –y ，如：dull-dully; shrill-shrilly
2、特例
但friendly ，deadly ，lovely ，lonely ，likely ，lively ， ugly ，brotherly ，仍为形容词。
3、有些既为形容词，也为副词
daily ，weekly ，monthly ，yearly ，early
e.g.The Times is a daily paper.
e.g.The Times is published daily.
4、形容词与副词词义差别
（1）close 与closely
close 意思是" 近" ； closely 意思是" 仔细地"
e.g.He is sitting close to me.
e.g.Watch him closely.
（2）late 与lately
late 意思是" 晚" ； lately 意思是" 最近"
e.g.You have come too late.
e.g.What have you been doing lately?
（3）deep 与deeply
deep 意思是" 深" ，表示空间深度；deeply 时常表示感情上的深度，" 深深地" e.g.He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
e.g.Even father was deeply moved by the film.
（4）high 与highly
high 表示空间高度；highly 表示程度，相当于much
e.g.The plane was flying high.
e.g.I think highly of your opinion.
（4）wide 与widely
wide 表示空间宽度；widely 意思是" 广泛地" ，" 在许多地方"
e.g.He opened the door wide.
e.g.English is widely used in the world.
（5）free 与freely
free 的意思是" 免费" ；freely 的意思是" 无限制地"
e.g.You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
e.g.You may speak freely; say what you like.