大学生安全防火须知(中英对译)

大学生安全防火须知

防止火灾发生的关键，是做好火灾的预防。各级政府、部门制定的消防法规和消防安

全管理制度，以及学院制定的防火规定，都是火灾事故教训的总结，希望全体学生要认真贯彻执行消防法规，自觉遵守安全管理规定，预防火灾的发生。

(一)学生宿舍防火

在宿舍，学生应自觉遵守宿舍安全管理规定，做到不乱拉乱接电线；不使用电炉、电

热杯、热得快、电饭煲等电器；使用台灯、充电器、电脑等电器要注意发热部位的散热；室内无人时，应关掉电器和电源开关；不在宿舍使用明火；不将易燃易爆物带进宿舍；不在宿舍内焚烧物品；发现不安全隐患及时向管理人员或有关部门报告；爱护消防设施，不将灭火器材随意移动或挪作他用等等。

(二)教室、实验室、研究室的防火

在实验室、研究室实习或工作时，一定要严格遵守各项安全管理规定、安全操作规程

和有关制度。使用仪器设备前，应认真检查电源、管线、火源、辅助仪器设备等情况。如放置是否妥当，对操作过程是否清楚等，做好准备工作以后再进行操作。使用完毕应认真进行清理，关闭电源、火源、气源、水源等，还应清除杂物和垃圾。尤其涉及使用易燃易爆危险品时，一定要注意防火安全规定，按照规定一丝不苟地进行操作，用剩的化学试剂，应送规定的安全地点存放。

(三)公共场所防火

讲演厅、报告厅、礼堂等是人群密集的场所，近年来，多数公共场所都进行不同程度

的改造、装修，采用了大量的高分子可燃材料，如幕布、垂帐、护墙板、木质柜台等。公

共场所的舞台布景多是高分子泡沫材料，易燃且能产生有毒气体；加上电器设备多，用电量大，多条电线在舞台上移动，一旦发生火灾，后果不堪设想。因而公共场所火灾的预防尤为重要，在公共场所，要遵守消防安全制度和有关规则，做到不携带易燃易爆品去公共场所，如汽油、酒精等；不吸烟或随地丢弃烟头、火种；不使用明火照明；不随便按触公共场所的电器设备开关；不玩弄电线，以免触电或引起短路；遵守公共场所秩序，不随意乱跑，不随意到放映室、舞台或柜台内触摸开关按钮等。

(四)树林草坪防火

校园内的树林草坪等植被，不仅美化环境，净化空气，还能起到防风固沙，涵养水源，

调节气侯，维持生态平衡等作用。但是由于杂草多，枯草等地被物以及落到地上的枯枝、残叶、树皮、球果等都可成为引火物。一些树种如油松、侧柏、落叶松、桦树等树皮中含有油脂，大都容易燃烧。一旦发生火灾，很快就会蔓延，而且常常会带来巨大损失。所以在树林草处，更要注意防火，要遵守有关消防法规，做到不使用明火，严禁做容易引起火灾的游戏；严禁在树林草枰中吸烟；一旦发现火灾隐患要及时向有关部门报告；秋冬季节封山时段及干旱天气尤其要注意防火。

火灾逃生十大要诀

第一诀：熟悉环境，暗记出口。当你来到酒店，卡拉OK厅，务必留心疏散通道、安全出口

及楼梯方位等，当大火燃起、浓烟密布时，便可以摸清道路，尽快逃离现场。

第二诀：通道出口畅通无阻。楼梯、通道、安全出口等是火灾发生时最重要的逃生之路，应

保证畅通无阻，切不可堆放杂物或设闸上锁。自断后路，必死无疑。

第三诀：保持镇静，快速撤离。突遇火灾，面对浓烟和烈火，千万不要盲目地跟从人流相互

拥挤、乱冲乱撞。首先要保持镇静，判明起火地点，多动脑筋，因地制宜，因时制宜，决定逃生

的办法。

第四诀：不入险地、不贪财物、生命是最重要的。不要因为害羞及顾及贵重物品，而把宝贵

的逃生时间浪费在穿衣或寻找贵重物品上。据报载：在一次特大火灾中，人们发现有三名遇难者

手中抓着存折或首饰。

第五诀：简易防护，不可缺少。逃生时可用毛巾、口罩等蒙住口鼻，将被褥浇湿蒙在身上通

过烟火区。烟气较空气轻而飘于上部，匍匐前进，贴近地面逃离是较佳的方法。

第六诀：莫乘电梯。发生火灾后，电气设备随时可能发生短路，造成停电。一定不要乘坐电

梯。要走楼梯或紧急疏散通道。

第七诀：缓降逃生，滑绳自救。高层住宅、写字楼的人员可用备用高空缓降器或救生绳逃生，也可用身边的绳索、床单、窗帘、衣服制成简易救生绳，从窗户或阳台沿绳缓降到下面楼层。

第八诀：大火袭来，固守待援。火灾时，如用手摸到房门已感烫手，此时开门，火焰和浓烟

就会进到房间里来。这时，应采取关紧门窗，用湿手巾、湿布堵塞门缝，或用水浸湿棉被，蒙上

门窗，防止烟火渗入待救援人员到来。

第九诀：发出信号，寻求救援。在逃生无门的情况下，努力争取救援也不失为上策。被困者

要尽量到阳台、窗口等易于被人发现和能避免烟火的地方，及时发出求救信号，引起救援人员的

注意。在将要失去知觉前，应努力滚到墙边，便于消防人员寻找、营救。因为消防人员进入室内

都是沿着墙壁摸索前进。

第十诀：火已烧身，切勿惊跑。火烧身时，千万不可惊跑拍打，因为奔跑和拍打时会形成风

势，促进火势。最佳办法是设法脱掉衣服或就地翻滚，压灭火苗。

FIRE PRECAUTION TIPS

The key to preventing fires is to make good fire prevention. Regulations developed by government and ministries, fire safety management system established by relevant departments both provide a summary of lessons learned in fire, hope that all students should conscientiously implement the Fire Code, consciously abide by safety regulations to prevent fires.

(A) Student dormitory:

In the dormitory, students should consciously abide by safety regulations quarters, do not mess the wiring; do not use electric stove, electric cup heater, rice cookers and other appliances; pay attention to heat parts of the heat if you use lamps, chargers, computers and other electrical appliances; if there is nobody in the room, be sure to turn off electrical appliances and power switch; never use open fire in the dormitory; do not bring flammable and explosive materials into the dormitory; do not burn anything in the dormitory; if you find hidden dangers please report to the administrator immediately; please take care of public fire-fighting facilities,.

(B) Classrooms and laboratories:

If you work or carry on your internship in laboratories, you must strictly observe all safety regulations, safe operation and the system. Before you use the equipment, you should carefully check the power supply, pipelines, fire, auxiliary equipment and so on. If they are placed on the appropriateness, clarity, etc. Make sure every step of the operation before you are ready to operate. After that, equipments should be carefully carried out cleaning, turned off the power, fire, air, water, etc., You should also remember to clear the debris and rubbish. In particular, when involving the use of inflammable and explosive dangerous goods, you must pay attention to fire safety requirements, in accordance with the provisions of meticulous operation, the leftover chemical agents shall be put in a safe place for storage.

(C) Fire protection in public places

Lecture hall, auditorium and other crowded places are, in recent years, have varying degrees of transformation, the decoration, the use of a large number of polymeric combustible materials such as curtains, hanging off, wall panels, wood counters and so on. Stage sets and more public places is a polymer foam material, flammable and can produce toxic gases; with more electrical equipment, electricity capacity, number of wires to move the stage, in the event of fire, the consequences could be disastrous. Thus the prevention of fires in public places is particularly important in a public place, to comply with fire safety system and the rules, do not carry inflammable and explosive materials go to public places, such as gasoline, alcohol, etc.; do not smoke or drop cigarette butts everywhere, fire ; do not use open flame lighting; do not touch switching electrical equipment casually in public places; do not play with wires, so as not to shock or cause a

short circuit; observe public regulations, do not run around freely, not arbitrarily to the screening room, stage, or the counter to touch switch button so on.

(D) Forest and grass:

Trees on campus lawns and other vegetation, not only beautify the environment, clean air, but can help with sand-fixing, water conservation, regulating climate, maintaining ecological balance and so on. However, weeds, hay, other ground cover, and dead branches, bark, cones that fell to the ground can all become kindling for the fire. Some species such as pine, arborvitae, larch, birch have oil in their barks, are very easy to burn. If they are caught with fire, the fire will soon spread, and often will bring huge losses. Therefore, we should pay great attention to forests and woods, remember to comply with fire regulations, do not use open flame is prohibited to do the game easily cause a fire; smoking is forbidden in the woods, lawn; Once a fire hazard is found, it must be promptly reported to the relevant departments; especially in autumn and winter, the closing off hills for hours and dry weather with particular attention to fire safety.

Ten tips for fire escape

First tactic: be familiar with the environment, remember the location of exits. When you come to the hotel, Kara OK hall, be sure to heed evacuation routes, safety exits and stairs and orientation, when the fire ignited, smoke clouds, you can find the right direction and leave the scene as soon as possible.

Second tactic: make sure the exit is open. Staircase, access, security, exit are the most important time of the fire escape route, they should be ensured smooth, must not be put on with other things or locked.

Third tactic: stay calm, quickly evacuate. If you are suddenly encountered a fire, facing smoke and fire, do not blindly follow the flow of crowded people. First of all is to keep calm, identify the fire place, think more and make decision quickly according to current conditions and time.

Fourth tactic: don’t be greedy for money when you are in danger, life is most important. Do not be shy and take into account the valuables, and waste precious time on looking for valuables or dressing.

Fifth tactic: simple protection is indispensable. Towels and masks can be used to cover mouth and nose, wet blankets can be used to cover the body when moving through areas with heavy smoke. Smoke is lighter than air so it will in the top of space, as a result, you can creep forward to escape from the fire.

Sixth tactic: Do not use the elevator. In a fire, electrical equipment is usually subject to a short circuit because of power outages. Never take the elevator. Walk away from the stairs or emergency evacuation routes.

Seventh tactic: sliding ropes are often helpful in tall buildings. People in high-rise residential, office personnel can slow down, or spare aerial lifeline to escape, can also be used around the ropes, sheets, curtains, clothes made of simple life-saving rope, rope from a window or balcony slow down along the floor below.

Eighth tactic: wait in safer places for rescue. In a fire, if the handles of doors have got high temperature, never open the door because flames and smoke would easily come into

the room. At this time, you should close all doors and windows with wet towels, wet cloth blocked door, or water soaked blankets, cast windows and doors to prevent smoke infiltration until rescue personnel arrive.

Ninth tactic: send a signal to seek help. If the situation is extremely dangerous and impossible for you to escape all by yourself, the best way is to struggle for rescue. You can try your best to go to such places as balcony, window because you can easily be found and these places can avoid the fire and smoke, what’s more, you can issue a distress signal in time to catch the attention of rescue personnel. Before unconsciousness, try to roll against the wall, so that it is easy to be found by firefighters and rescued. Because the firefighters often find their way along the walls after they enter the room.

Tenth tactic: fire has burned the body, do not stampede. Burning the body, do not beat and stampede, because running will bring more wind and make fire stronger. The best way is to try to take off their clothes or in situ rolling to stop the fire.