综合学术英语教程练习答案

Unit Two

Task 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classif ication

1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.

1. Skim the f ollowing passage f or the answ ers to the questions below .

2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO2 ( the increase of

population, the demolition of trees, etc.) 3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.

4) Classif i cation helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.

5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.

Reading 1

Causes for Global Warming

Understanding Lectures through Classif ication

Task 2

Listening 1

1. Listening to the lectur e and write down wha tever y ou believ e is impor tant, especially the classif ica tions of key terms .

Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.

2. Use y our notes . D ecide if the statements below ar e true (T) or false (F). Then justify y our answ ers , in the space pr ovided, b y giving evidence fr om the talk. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F

3. Listen again, paying a ttention to the f ollowing classif ica tions and then complete the tables below .

Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation

Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict

4. Listen again and piece y our notes together into a shor t summar y . Then r etell the lectur e to y our par tner .

There are two interesting ideas in Freud’s theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on“the Pleasure Principle”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.

Task 3 Reading Classif ication Articles

Reading 2 Renewable Energy Sources —A Brief Summary

1. W ork with a par tner or a gr oup of 3—4 students . Study the title and phr ases in bold of Reading 2 and discuss the f ollowing questions .

1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). 2) √T he purpose of using renewable energy sources. □ √T he classification of renewable energy sources. □ √ T he examples of different types of renewable energy sources. □

√T he advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources. □ √ T he history of the use of different energy sources. □

□ How energy is obtained from various sources.

3) I will write:

(1) The definition of the renewable energy.

(2) The classification of the renewable energy.

(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources. 2. Read the f ollowing questions and scan Reading 2 f or their answ ers .

1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty. 2) It converts the sun’s rays into energy.

3) The main demerit is that it is limited.

4) Sailors, farmers and architects.

5) The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that can be harmful to the environment.

6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays replenishing the heat.

7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powers a generator thus generating electricity.

8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.

9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.

10) The Environmental Protection Agency.

3. Match the tar get wor ds with the de f initions below . Y ou may infer their meaning fr om context.

1) j. evolution

2) s. solar

3) a. architect 8) f. crusade

4) l. geothermal 5) p. preserve 9) h. distribute

) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 10) q. radiant 11) i. domestic 12) t. validation 16) n. install

13) k. generator 14) d. capture

15) g. definitely20) c. blade

17) e. consumption 18) m. harness 19) o. internal

4. F or open discussion

Reading 3 Types of Pollution

5. Read the de f initions below and choose the wor ds tha t f it these de f initions .

1) voluntary

2) construction

3) contamination 8) irrigation

13) vapor 18) underground

4) eruption 9) confine 14) decay

6) deforestation 7) yield 11) hazardous 12) residential 16) disrupt

17) particulate

10) sewage

15) erosion

5) regulation

19) concentration 20) combat

6. Match each paragr aph with its main idea.

7. D ecide which of the statements can be inferr ed fr om Reading 3, and then write down the number

of the paragr aph(s) fr om which y our answ er most pr obably comes , leaving the explicit or false sta tements unnumbered, but using E or F r espectiv ely to indica te tha t they ar e explicit or false . Discuss y our answ ers with a par tner .

Task 4 Writing an Essay of Classif ication

Reading 4 Types of Sustainability

1. F ill in the blanks to complete the main ideas and the suppor ting details .

5. Study the f ollowing models , and then par aphr ase the sentences below b y changing the order of a structur e. The new sentences should be as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences but as diff er ent as possible in structur e and as f ormal as possible in style .

1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing, despite the occasional utilizations of interrogative sentences.

2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.

3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of the difference between education and training.

) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time is susceptible to malignant

melanoma.

5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.

6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.

7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in the process of US territorial expansion.

8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.

9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.

10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually.

Integrated Exercises

2. Match each wor d in the box with the gr oup of wor ds tha t r egularly occur with it in all cases .

1) motivation capture

2) demolish 7) assert 12) disrupt

3) symptom 8) yield

4) combat 9) internal

5) 10)

6) distribute emergence

11) adherence

3. Fo r each of the sentences below , write a new sentences as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence , but as diff er ent as possible in v ocabular y and structur e and as f ormal as possible in style . Yo u ar e r e quired to use the wor d s giv en in capital letters . And then compar e them with y our partner ’s . 1) Internet access is available in students’ dormitory.

2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.

3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for sea navigation.

4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan arouses fierce protests of the local residents.

5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.

6) While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.

7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.

8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.

9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.

10) Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancy.

5. T r ansla te the f ollowing sentences into English b y using the phr ase above. Make sur e tha t y our English sentences ar e as f ormal as possible . Then compar e them with y our partner ’s to see whose v ersion is mor e f ormal.

1) the elevation of people’s quality of life.

2) revolutionized change.

3)

4) 5) general improvement of all the people’s environmental protection awareness.

6) 7) 8) 9) Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably

what ’

10) Luckily,

Listening 2

A . Listen, note down the impor tant ideas and details , and then decide whether the f ollowing sta tements ar e true or false . Use T f or true and F f or false . (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) F

B . Listen car e f ully , and then answ er the f ollowing questions brie f ly with the informa tion fr om the lectur e.

(1) The individual’s potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization. (2) The lower one.

(3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchase essentials. (4) The love and belonging needs.

(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of other

people, and interested in fulfilling their potential. C. Listen again and write a shor t summar y of the lectur e.

This lecture is about Maslow ’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, namely physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisf ied f irst. Safety needs refer to the needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness. Esteem needs ref lect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex. Self- actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a person’s full potential, capacities and talents.

Listening 3

A . Listen, note down the impor tant ideas and details , and then choose the best answ er to the

f ollowing questions fr om the f our choices giv en. (1) A (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) B

B . Listen again f ocusing on the specif ic informa tion, and then f ill in the blanks with the missing wor ds .

classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued, initially, clinically, alludes to, building up, immune system, creeping up, shuffling, infect, rip through, hospitalizations. C. Listen again and answ er the f ollowing questions .

(1) B C E

(2) ① ABC ② AB ③ AB ④ AB ⑤ ABC ⑥ C ⑦ A ⑧ A ⑨ A ⑩ AC