四级翻译出现的固定单词
四级翻译单词
1. 人物+文学
①人物
孔子 Confucius
孟子 Mencius
老子 Lao Tzu
庄子 Chuang Tzu
墨子 Mo Tzu
孙子 Sun Tzu
毛泽东 Mao Tse-tung
孙中山 Sun Yat-sen
蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek
祖先 ancestor
皇帝 Yellow Emperor
秦始皇帝 Emperor Qinshihuang; the First Emperor of Qin
永乐帝Yongle Emperor
皇太后 empress dowager
汉高祖刘邦 Liu Bang; Emperor Hangaozu; founder of the Han Dynasty
成吉思汗 Genghis Khan
文成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng
慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi
诸侯 vassal
皇妃 imperial concubine
丞相，宰相 prime minister
士大夫ashlor-officials
太监 eunuch
佛祖 Buddha
喇嘛 lama
十八罗汉 the eighteen Arhats
老百姓 ordinary people
少数民族 ethic minority
转世灵童 reincarnated soul boy
龙的传人 the descendants of the dragon
爱国者 patriot
爱国诗人 patriotic poet
著名诗人 celebrated poet
诗仙 Poet Genius
题词 inscription
化身 personification
历史人物 historical figure
历史学家 historian
一代人 generation
蒙古人 the Mongols
广东人；粤语 Cantonese
汉族 the Han nationality
姓 last name; family name
马可·波罗 Marco Polo
舰队指挥官 fleet commander
战略家 strategist
政治家 statesman
医师 physician
儿媳 daughter-in-law
单身青年 unattached young people
②文学
《大学》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》The Analects of Confucius
《孟子》The Mencius
《孙子兵法》The Art of War
《三国演义》Romance of the Three Kingdoms
《西游记》Journey to the West
《红楼梦》A Dream of Red Mansions
《水浒传》Outlaws of the Marshs
《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers
《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror
《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals
《史记》Historical Records
《诗经》The Book of Songs
《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes
《礼记》The Book of Rites
《三字经》Three Character Classic
《黄帝内经》HuangdiNeijing; The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon
《神农本草经》Shennong ’s Herbal Classic
《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica
八股文 eight-part essay
五言绝句 five-character quatrain
七言律诗 seven-character octave
2. 地点+文化
①地点
长城 the Great Wall
烽火台 beacon tower
秦始皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shi Huang
兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses
大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda
丝绸之路 the Silk Road
敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes
华清池Huaqing Hot Springs
五台山 Wutai Muntain
峨眉山 Mount Emei
泰山 Mount Tai
黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain
故宫 the imperial Palace; the Palace Museum; the Forbidden City
天坛 the Temple of Heaven
午门 the Meridian Gate
大运河 the Grand Canal
护城河 city moat
回音壁 Echo Wall
居庸关Juyongguan Pass
九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall
黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi
十三陵 the Ming Tombs
苏州园林 Suzhou gardens
西湖 West Lake
九寨沟Jiuzhai Valley
日月潭Riyuetan Pool
布达拉宫 the Potala Palace
鼓楼 drum tower
四合院 quadrangle; courtyard
孔庙 Confucius Temple
乐山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha
②文化
旗袍 cheongsam
中山装 Chinese tunic suit
唐装 Tang suit
清淡口味 light taste
筷子 chopsticks
凉菜 cold dish
米粉 rice noodles
泡（茶）brew
川菜 Sichuan cuisine
粤菜 Cantonese cuisine
主菜 main course
月饼 moon cake
年糕 rice cake
油条 deep-fried dough sticks
馒头 soybean milk
花卷 steamed twisted rolls
包子 steamed stuffed buns
北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck
拉面 hand-stretched noodles
馄饨 wonton (dumpling in soup)
豆腐 tofu; bean curd
麻花 fried dough twist
烧饼 clay oven rolls
皮蛋 preserved egg
蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg
糖葫芦 sugarcoated haws on a stick
功夫茶 Kung Fu tea
乌龙茶 Oolong Tea
腊八粥Laba porridge
火锅 hotpot
调料 ingredient
酱 sauce
蘸 dip
蒸 steam
红茶 black tea
餐具 tableware
餐桌礼仪 table manners
长寿面 longevity noodles
京剧 Peking Opera
秦腔Qinqiang; Shanxi Opera
功夫 Kung Fu
太极 Tai Chi
口技 oral stunts; ventriloquism
木偶戏 puppet show
皮影戏 shadow play
折子戏 opera highlights
杂技 acrobatics
相声 cross talk
刺绣 embroidery
泥人 clay figure
书法 calligraphy
中国画 traditional Chinese painting
水墨画 ink wash painting
中国传统占星学 traditional Chinese astrology
中药 Chinese herbal remedies; traditional Chinese medicine
火药 gunpowder
印刷术 printing
造纸术 papermaking technology
指南针 compass
青铜器 bronze ware
瓷器 porcelain; china
景泰蓝cloisonn é
秋千 swing
武术 martial arts
儒家思想 Confucianism
儒家文化 Confucian culture
道教 Taoism
墨家Mohist school
法家 Legalist school
佛教 Buddhism
象形文字 pictographic characters
文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）four measures of the study (writing brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)
风水fengshui; geomatic omen
阳历 solar calendar
阴历 lunar calendar
闰年 leap year
生肖 the Chinese zodiac
春节 the Spring Festival
元宵节 the Lantern Festival
清明节 the Qingming Festival; Tomb-sweeping Day
端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival
中秋节 the Mid-Autumn Festival
重阳节 the Chongyang Festival; the Double Ninth Festival
七夕节Qixi Festival; the Double Seventh Festival; Chinese Valentine’s Day
乞巧节 the Begging for Skills Festival
双喜（囍）double happiness
春联 spring couplets
庙会 temple fair
爆竹 firecracker
放鞭炮 light fireworks
年画(traditional) New Year pictures
红包 red packet
压岁钱 lucky money; New Year gift-money
敬酒 toast
舞龙 dragon dance
花灯 festival lantern
灯谜 lantern riddle
舞狮 lion dance
踩高跷 stilt walking
赛龙舟 dragon boat racing
登高 climb the mountain
胡同 hutong
针灸 acupuncture
推拿 medical massage
切脉 feel the pulse
五禽戏 five-animal exercises
旧石器时代 the Paleolithic Age; Old Stone Age
新石器时代 the Neolithic Age; New Stone Age 母系氏族社会matriachal clan society
朝代 dynasty
秦朝 Qin Dynasty
东汉 the Eastern Han Dynasty
六战国 six warring states
祭祀 offer sacrifice
西域 the Western Regions
战国 the Warring States
地动仪 seismograph
鸦片战争 the Opium Wars
太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
三国时期 the Three Kingdoms Period
戊戌变法 the Reform Movement of 1898
新民主主义革命 New-democratic Revolution
五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919
南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising
九一八事变 September 18th Incident
文化大革命 the Cultural Revolution
改革开放 the Reform and Opening-up
长征 the Long March
西安事变 Xi ’an Incident
南京大屠杀 Nanjing Massacre
抗日战争 the War of Resistance Against Japan; Anti-Japanese War
1. 科技
网络世界 cyber world
网络文化 cyber culture
网络犯罪 cybercrime
网络购物 online shopping
信息革命 information revolution
电子货币 e-currency
人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI)
生物技术 bio-technology
克隆 cloning
基因工程 genetic engineering
转基因食品 genetically modified food (GMF)
试管婴儿 test-tube baby
基因突变 genetic mutation
3D 电影 three-dimensional movie
虚拟银行 virtual bank
信息高速公路 information superhighway
同步卫星 geostationary satellite
多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite (SMMS)
电子商务 e-business; e-commerce
办公自动化 Office Automation (OA)
重点项目 key project
网络谣言 online rumors
2. 环境
森林生态系统 forest ecosystem
海洋生态系统 marine ecosystem
长江三角洲地区 the Yangtze River Delta area
生态系统恶化 deterioration of ecosystem
水资源 water resource
水资源危机 water crisis
排放 emission
低排放 low-emission
能源短缺 energy shortage
能源消费国 energy consumer
能源消耗 energy consumption
碳交易计划 carbon trading scheme
碳浓度 carbon intensity
碳排放国 carbon emitter
液化天然气 liquefied natural gas
环境政策 environmental policy
回收利用 recycling
纬度 degrees of latitude
城市群 city cluster
1. 社会
多元文化论 cultural pluralism
文化适应 acculturation
班车 shuttle bus
独生子女 the only child in a family
单亲 single parent
家政服务 household management service
民工 migrant laborers
名人 celebrity
青春期 puberty; adolescence
全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign
暂住证 temporary residence permit/card
青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency
性骚扰 sexual harassment
走私 smuggling
性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination
年龄歧视 age discrimination
工作歧视 job discrimination
享乐主义 hedonism
文盲 illiteracy
盗版 pirated/illegal copies
一国两制 One Country, Two Systems
三个代表理论 the Three Represents Theory
两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)
人大常委会 People ’s Congress Standing Committee
法制观念 awareness of law
法治国家 a country with an adequate legal system
改革开放 reform and opening-up
公务员 civil servants
官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work
和谐并存 harmonious coexistence
计划生育 family planning
居委会 neighborhood committee
可持续发展 sustainable development
领土完整 territorial integrity
民族精神 national spirit
普选制 general election system
人大代表 NPC member
物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization
小康社会 a well-off society
与时俱进 keep pace with the times
人口老龄化 the aging of population
人口出生率 birth rate
社区服务 community service
道德法庭 court of ethics
大学城 college town
高等教育 higher education
综合性大学 comprehensive university
文科院校 college of (liberal) arts
理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering
师范学院 normal college
高分低能 high scores and low abilities
高考(university/college) entrance examination
考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools
课外活动 extracurricular activities
必修课 required/compulsory course
选修课 elective/optional course
基础课 basic courses
专业课 specialized course
课程表 school schedule
学历 record of formal schooling
学分 credit
人才交流 talent exchange
素质教育 quality-oriented education
应试教育 exam-oriented education
填鸭式教育 cramming method of teaching
希望工程 Project Hope
住宿生 boarder
研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student)
应届毕业生 graduating student; current year’s graduate
校园数字化 campus digitalization
校园文化 campus culture
学历教育 education with record of formal schooling
学龄儿童 school-ager
学生减负 alleviate the burden on students
职业道德 work ethics; professional ethics
企业文化 corporate culture
企业形象 corporate image (CI); enterprise image
跨国公司 transnational corporation
创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise
猎头公司 head-hunter
娱乐业 entertainment industry
2. 经济
社会保障 social security
搬迁户 a relocated unit or household
福利彩票 welfare lotteries
农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor
全国人口普查 nationwide census
社会保险 social insurance
南南合作 South-South cooperation
南北对话 North-South Dialogue
综合国力 overall national strength
盗用公款 embezzlement
垄断价格 monopolize the price
汽车限购 vehicle purchase restrictions
汽车购买配额 vehicle purchase quotas
车牌摇号 a lottery for license plates
牌照单双号限行 odd-even license plate system
黑名单制度 a blacklist system
二代身份证 2nd-generation ID card
直接经济损失 direct economic loss
应急系统 emergency response system
闯红灯 run red light
遮挡、污损号牌 block or deface license plates
扣分处罚 point penalty
酒驾 drunk driving
终身监禁 lifetime ban from driving
总需求 aggregate demand
总供给 aggregate supply
假日经济 holiday economy
人力资本 human capital
航空和航天工业 aerospace industry
电子工业 electronic industry
汽车制造工业 car industry
轻工业 light industry
博彩业 lottery industry
制造业 manufacturing industry
垄断行业 monopolized industry
市场多元化 market diversification
市场经济 market economy
市场监管 market supervision
购买力 purchasing power
熊市 bear market
牛市 bull market
城镇化 urbanization
房地产 real estate
首付 down-payment
业主 home owner
个人购房贷款 individual housing loan
经济全球化 economic globalization