历史毕业论文英文摘要
1928年南京国民政府颁布了新的《市组织法》和《特别市组织法》，并在当年12月份颁布《全国卫生行政系统大纲》，规定卫生局作为特别市的必备机构之一。卫生局长作为卫生局的领导者，其个人的专业知识、教育背景以及职业经历对卫生局工作的开展具有重大影响，这些因素都会影响到“特别市”卫生事业的发展。1928—1937年间的“特别市”卫生局长群体是南京国民政府新建市制中办理卫生行政的第一批专业卫生官员，他们绝大部分人具有医学或卫生学知识背景，并很大一部分人是留学海外归来的人才。在面过国家积贫积弱的困境之时，卫生局长群体倡导“卫生强国”思想，他们竭力用其所学的知识为当时国家卫生建设建言献策，积极活动。首先，他们引进与宣传先进的卫生观念、关注妇婴及儿童健康、开展卫生运动大会，期望改变人民大众的卫生陋习；其次，他们积极推动卫生建设，创设卫生区事务所、创办及接收各种医院、创立各种卫生及医学协会等等，完善国家医疗卫生机构及组织，改善医疗卫生条件。卫生局长群体为当时都市卫生建设作出了很大的贡献，但也因各种因素交杂在一起，使得他们的卫生建设存在着不足，这也在一定程度上反应出当时中国在民族复兴的道路上存在的困境。
In 1928, Nanjing national government issued a new version of "Organic Law of City" and "Organic Law of Special Administrative City". Meanwhile, it also released "Outline of National Sanitary and Administrative System" in December the same year, making it a rule that sanitary bureau should be regarded as an indispensable institution of a special administrative city. As the leader of sanitary bureau, the director ’s personal professional knowledge, educational background and occupational experience would have a significant influence on the work of the institution. All these factors would affect the development of health service of a "special administrative city". The directors were appointed as the first group of professional sanitary officials from 1928 to 1937 when Nanjing national government launched sanitary and administrative system in the newly built cities, most of whom were overseas returned elites armed with medical or hygienical knowledge. Faced with the adversity of our nation ’s poverty and weakness, this group of directors took an active part in advocating the spirit of “health power” and exerted all their knowledge to offer advice and suggestions to the construction of the nation’s health service at that time. At first, they introduced and disseminated advanced health concept, paid attention to the health conditions of women, babies and children and held health assemblies,
expecting to change people ’s bad health habits. In addition, they actively promoted the construction of health service, founded health district offices, started and incorporated different kinds of hospitals, built various sorts of sanitary or medical institutions and so forth, hoping to improve the management of national health organizations and the conditions of medical hygiene. As a whole, they did make great contributions to the urban health construction. However, with all sorts of factors interweaving together, there were some drawbacks of their work in reality, which, to some extent, reflected the difficulties in the pursuit of national revival in China at that time.