高考英语写作技巧总结
高考英语写作技巧总结
我认为英语作文高手分两种。一种是英语学习到炉火纯青的地步,写作文来信手拈来。一种是被格式化的高手,就是通过各种方法和技巧来弥补自己的不足。
第一种高手,具有深厚的英语积累。第二种高手,则是在得分方面做到深厚的积累。所以作文,不可以没有积累光靠技巧。那些所谓的技巧,也是需要你下功夫去学习的。
一 审题
1 审题材 记叙文 应用文 说明文还是议论文
2审格式 什么文章对应什么题材。特别说明一下应用文有很多类型,书信,日记,通知,便条。请查阅资料和询问老师,把每种可能考到的应用文格式,积累下来,总结到专门的本子上,方便记忆和考前复习突击。
3 审内容 写作要点包括哪些?然后布局。开头怎么点题、中间要点12345分别是什么,顺序和承接要怎么写、结尾自己的观点或者总结。要做到心中有数。
4 审人称 第一人称 第二人称,第三人称,一定要审题清楚,这个很重要很基本! 5 审时态 根据材料信息确定作文的基本时态。
二 写作
1 注意书写和卷面。这个相当重要。因为高考阅卷老师的工作量非常大。书写这种实战情况下,也许就是你的成败。
2 注意时间。25分钟到40分钟。我希望你稳定在30分钟。这个需要每次都计时练习!在注意书写的前提下。
3 注意拼写和标点。单词和语法的积累。
4 注意字数 少于80字 多于 120 字的都要扣两分。
三 书面表达效果
高考英语评分分为五档:
第五档(很好);(21-25分)
1完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2覆盖所有内容要点。
3应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
4语法或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或词汇所致。具备较强的语言运用能力。
5有效地使用了语句间的成份,使全文结构紧凑。
6完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档(好);(16-20分)
1完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2虽漏掉一两个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容。
3运用的语法结构或词汇方面能满足任务的要求。
4语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。 5应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。
6达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档(适当);(11-15分)
1基本完成了试题规定的任务。2虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容。
3应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解。
5应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯。
6整体而言,基本达到了语气的写作目的。
第二档(较差);(6-10分)
1未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
2漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容。
3词法结构单调,词汇项目有限。
4有一些语法结构词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解。
5较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。
6信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档(差);(1-5分)
1未完成试题规定的任务。
2明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求。
3语法结构单调,词汇项目有限。
4较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。
5缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯。
6信息未能传达给读者。
不得分(0分)
未能传达给读者任何信息:内容太少,无法评判,写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
后面四档仅仅供你阅读,第五档才是我们训练的目的。
1 高级词汇
所有的考生都会用简单词汇,但是,老师看腻了以后,你突然出现一个高级词汇,一下子,就把你的印象分定为最高档!第一印象,从心理学的角度讲非常重要。而高考作文基本上没有后期印象了,一篇作文阅卷时间才几秒钟!
以下是我搜集到的比较好的高级词替换简单词。建议打印下来,慢慢背,每个例句都要背诵下来!
重要important ------------------------------------------ significant
所以so ----------------------------------------------------therefore
建立set ---------------------------------------------------establish
越来越好 better and better--------------------------- enhance
好 good,great, wonderful -------------------------gorgeous ----------------- fabulous
不想要 unwanted----------------------------------------unsatisfactory 改变 change----------------------------------------------transform
i think that...... ------------- i have a thought that......
i hear that......-------------- ------- it is reported that...... -----------there is a piece of news that...... 我喜欢玩篮球,篮球有很多种特点, 可以把这些特点用定语从句的形式并列出来: i love basketball,which is......,which is......,which is.......
后置定语 穿着比基尼的女孩a girl who wears a bikini变成a girls wearing a bikini因为because----------------------------------------------,+for
尽管although--------------------------------------------- in spite of
首先first---------------------------------------------------first and foremost
正当什么时候as soon as-------------------------------the moment......(注意the前面不加介词 !)
1.occur 替换 think of
suddenly i had an idea that someone had broken into my house. →
an idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.
it occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.
2.devote替换spend
he spends all his spare time in reading. →
he devotes all his spare time to reading.
3.seek替换want / look for
they sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.
4.average 替换ordinary
i’m an average ( ordinary ) student.
5.but替换very
the film we saw last night was very interesting. →
the film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.
the film we saw last night was anything but boring.
6.seat 替换sit
on his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.
7.suppose 替换should
he is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.
8.appreciate 替换thank
thank you very much for you help. →
we appreciate your help very much. / your help is much appreciated.
9.the case替换 true
i don’t think it is the case ( true ).
10.on替换as soon as
as soon as he arrived, he began his research. → on his arrival, he began his research..
11.due to替换because of
he arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm.
12.cover替换walk/read
after covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.
13.contribute to替换 be helpful/useful
plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to english study. →
plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to english study.
② li ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby).
the family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →
the family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16.have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself
after visiting the workshop, we went back to school. every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).
18.set aside替换save
some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004天津卷)
19.be of + n. 替换adj.
the products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in china.
20.refer to 替换talk about/of, mention
the professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.
21.can not but / can not help but替换have to do
i could not but (had to) go home.
22.more often than not替换usually
more often than not (usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.
23.lest替换so that /in order that
i wrote down his telephone number so that i would not forget it. →
i wrote down his telephone number lest i (should) forget it.
24.be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for i want to see you very much. → i am long to see you.
25.be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in he is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps 26.more than替换very
② if there is anything i can do for you, i would be more than glad to help
27.perfect (ly) 替换good/ very well
he speaks perfect ( good ) english./ he speaks english perfectly ( very well ).
28.do sb a/the favor 替换help
would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio? 29.the other day替换a few days ago
the other day my brother and i went to the cinema by bicycle.
30.in the course of替换during
in the course of (during) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.
31.the majority of替换most
32.consist of替换be made up of
our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.
33.be worn out替换 be tired / broken
① after five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired).
② my shoes are worn out (broken). please buy me a new pair.
35.attend to替换look after36.on condition that替换as long as
37.nevertheless替换however
38.express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with
39.spare no effo
41.be rushed off one’s feet 替换be busy in doing
42.a handful of替换a little / some
43.meanwhile替换at the same time
44.get to one’s feet替换stand up
45.beneath替换under
46.occasionally替换sometimes /once in while
47.for instance替换for example
48.seldom替换not often
49.wealthy替换 rich
50.amazing替换surprising
51.as a matter of fact 替换in fact
2连接词
连接词决定了文章的连贯和逻辑性强,几乎历年的高分作文都是能够正确运用连接词的,我收集了一些连接词,但是对于英语高考作文来说,其实真的没有必要都记下来,所以,每种关系请熟记三、四个连接词,自己选择记忆,但是必须把所选择的链接词用法亲历亲为弄明白,总结在专门的本子上记忆!
1) 先后次序关系:at this time; first; second; at last; next; previously; simultaneously; eventually; last but not least; to begin with; to start with; to end with; finally; since then; first of all; afterwards; following this; preceding this.
2) 因果关系:because; because of this; being that; another important factor/reason of... ; since; as; for; in that...; owing to; due to; for the reason that...; in view of; the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ; for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; ...and so...; consequently; as a result; thus; hence; so; so that...; in consequence; as a consequence; accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.
3) 转折关系:but; even so; however; though; even though; independent of; reckless of ; despite that; in spite of that; regardless of; yet...; and yet; but unless.
4) 并列关系: and; also; too; as well as; either...,or...; both...and...
5) (补充)递进关系: furthermore; moreover; further; in this way ; still; not only...but also...; not...but...; in addition (to); additionally; much more interesting; more specifically; next; besides; as far as... is concerned; moreover; in other words; along this line of consideration; on the one hand...,on the other hand...; even; as a poplar saying goes...; in order to do it...; meanwhile; at the same time; accordingly; in the first place..., in the second place...; equally important; of even greater appeal.
important; apart from (doing)...; ... rather than...; by doing so ;
both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).
7) 对照(不同点):yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither
... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around; yet; conversely; unlike; opposed to; as opposed to ; in contrast (to); by way of; on the contrary; different from this; as opposed to this; nevertheless; contrary to; whereas; while; but on the other hand.
8) 举例关系:for example; for instance; in this case; namely; as you know; you may as/say; as he explains; like; such as; a case in point is...;
consider...; in particular; including...; for one thing...,for
another...; put it simply; stated roughly; as an illustration, i will say...; a good example (of...)would be...; to detail this,i would like
to...; it is interesting to note that...; in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something); as for; as regards; as to; according to; on this occasion.
9) 强调关系:in fact; especially; particularly; moreover; naturally; what is more important; in reality; certainly; of course; indeed; in
particular; not to mention...; believe it or not; undeniably; other thing being equal; it is certain/sure that...; to be strict; to be true; by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and...
10) 条件关系: if; unless; lest; provided that; if it is the case; in this sense; once...; if possible; if necessary; if so; if not all; if anything.
11) 归纳总结类: in other words; on the whole; in sum; therefore; hence; in short; in brief; to sum up; in conclusion; in summary; to conclude; the conclusion can be drawn that...; for this reason; in short.
12) 地点关系:beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.
13) 目的关系:with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason.
14) 重申关系:in other words; that is to say; as i have said; again; once again.
15) 结果关系:accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence;
because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.
16) 顺序关系:first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the
outset(在开始时),following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同时).
17) 时间关系:at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this
time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment;
shortly; whereupon; previously.
3提高技巧
背诵范文和有用的句子。
有人说背一篇好的作文强过你自己写十篇,我觉得有点夸张,但是,绝对强过你自己写三篇。所以,我希望你制定背诵计划。这个方法能综合提高作文水平,并且效率较高。不信自己先写一篇文章,经过背诵五篇作文后,再写一篇文章,在速度和得分上都是有收获的。