代词和副词
[英语语法手册]代词
定义 代词(pronoun)是代替名词的词: 代词在句子中的功用
a) 和名词一样,可作主语、宾语和表语。b) 有些代词和形容词一样,可作定语。如:
a) I am reading The Arabian Nights.我在读《天方夜谭》。(作主语)
This is John Smith speaking.(打电话用语) 我是约翰·史密斯。(作主语)
Can I help you?我能帮你的忙吗?(作宾语) That's all.我的话完了。(作表语)
b)His father is an eye-doctor.他父亲是个眼科医生。(作定语)
All men are equal.所有的人都是平等的。(作定语)
3) 格的变化 有些代词有格的变化,如 I 我(主格) ,me 我(宾格) ,Who 谁(主格) ,whom 谁(宾格) 。某些代词有所有格,如whose 谁的,other's 别人的,somebody's 某人的,one's 一个人的。
4) 单复数形式 有些代词有单数和复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同,如one-ones ,other-others 。其他如人称代词、物主代词、自身代词和指示代词等,其复数形式与此不同,须个别记忆。
5) 有或没有冠词 代词之前一般不用冠词,只有少数例外。如:the other,the others,a few,a little等。
种类
英语有下列几种代词:
1) 人称代词(personal pronoun)
a) 主格:I ,he ,she ,it ,we ,you ,they. b) 宾格:me ,him ,her ,it ,us ,you ,them. 2) 物主代词(possessive pronoun):
a) 形容词性物主代词:my ,his ,her ,its ;our ,your ,their. b) 名词性物主代词:mine ,his ,hers ,its ,ours ,yours ,theirs.
3) 自身代词(self-pronoun):myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves ,yourselves ,themselves ,oneself.
4) 相互代词(reciprocal pronoun) :each other ,one another. 5) 指示代词(demonstrative pronoun):this ,that ,these ,those ,such ,same.
6) 疑问代词(interrogative pronoun):who ,whom ,whose ,which ,what.
7) 关系代词(relative pronoun) :who ,whom ,whose ,which ,that.
8) 不定代词(indefinite pronoun) :some ,something ,somebody ,someone ,any ,anything ,anybody ,anyone ,no ,nothing ,nobody ,no one ,every ,everything ,everybody ,everyone ,each ,much ,many ,little ,a little,few ,a few,other ,another ,all ,none ,one ,both ,either ,neither.
人称代词概说 表示" 我' ,、" 你" 、" 他" 、" 我们" 、" 你们" 、" 他们" 等的词,叫做人称代词。
人称代词的用法
1) 人称代词主格的用法 a) 作主语
I am a cook.(炊事员) We are cooks,
You are a teacher.(教师) You are teachers. He is a barber.(理发员) The yare barbers. She is a nurse.(护士)The yare nurses. It is a cart.(大车) They are carts. b) 作表语
It's I .是我。 Oh,it's you. 噢,是你。
[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我) 永远要大写。(见上面例句)
[注二]口语习惯上不说it's I (he, she等) ,而说It's me (him,her 等) 。 2) 人称代词宾格的用法 a) 作及物动词的宾语
The dog bit him.那只狗咬了他。
Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim yesterday.我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。
This is my new hat. Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子,你喜欢吗?
b) 作介词的宾语
My brother often writes tome.我弟弟常给我写信。 They took good care of us.他们无微不至地照料我们。 3) 人称代词的其他用法 各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外,还有下列一些特殊用法:
a) 报刊的编辑和文章的作者,在发表观点时,常用we 代替I (同样用our 代替my) 。如:
We believe that China will make still greater progress in shipbuilding.我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。
In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的影片。
b) 用she 来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等,以表示亲切和爱抚。如:
That's the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000 - ton class ocean - going freighter. 那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。
The dog waved his tail when he saw his master.那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。
c) 北有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)。如:
The child smiled when it saw its mother.小孩见到母亲就笑了。
d) they可用来代替一般的人,特别在"they say"中。如: They say there's going to be another good harvest this year. 人们说今年又是个丰收年。
物主代词概说
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格。 物主代词的用法
1) 形容词性物主代词用作定语
I love my work in the hospital.我喜欢我在医院的工作。 How many students are there in his (her) class?他(她) 班上有多少学生?
There are many good teachers in our school.我们学校有许多好老师。
I saw a film lasts saturday. Its title was Guerrillas on the Plains.
我上星期六看了一个电影,名叫《平原游击队》。 2) 名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语和表语 a) 用作主语: Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second 我们的房间在一层,他们的在二层。
Ours is a socialist country.我们的国家是社会主义国家。 b) 用作宾语:
I didn't borrow her dictionary. I borrowed his.我没有借她的字典,我借的是他的。
c) 用作表语:
Whose pencil is this?-It is hers.这是谁的铅笔? --是她的。
These tools are ours.这些工具是我们的。
[注]"of+名词性物主代词" 和2.12的"of+名词所有格" 的用法完全一样。如:
a friend of mine我的一个朋友(表示部分观念,意即我有不少朋友,他(她) 是其中之一)
this lovely child of yours你的这个可爱的孩子(有感情色彩)
自身代词概说
表示反射(指一个动作回射到该动作执行者本身) 或强调(即用来加强名词或代词的语气) 的代词叫做自身代词。
自身代词的用法
1) 在句中作宾语,表示动作回到动作执行者的本身。如: Please help yourself to some lea.请自己用茶。(作help 的宾语)
The girl is too young to look after herself.这女孩太小,还不能照顾自己。(作look after的宾语)
He was always ready to help others; he never thought of himself 他总是帮助别人,从不想到自己。(作thought of 的宾语)
2) 在句中作名词或代词的同位语,用来加强名词或代词的语气,作" 亲自" 、" 本人" 解。它在句中可置于名词、代词之后,也可置于句子末尾。如:
You yourself said so.你自己是这样说的。
The desk itself is not so heavy.书桌本身并不重。 I fixed the window myself.这窗户是我自己装的。 相互代词
表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。 相互代词的用法 1) 作宾语。如:
Do you often see one another?你们彼此常见面吗?
New and old students learn from each other.新老同学相互学习。.
John and Tom helped each other.约翰和汤姆相互帮助。 2) 作定语时须用所有格。如:
We are interested in one another's work.我们关心彼此的工作。
The students corrected each other's mistakes in their homework. 学生相互改作业中的错误。
Students cut each other's hair.同学们相互理发。 3)each 和other 有时可分开用。如:
Each tried to persuade the other to stay at home.两个人都彼此劝说对方留在家里。
指示代词概说
表示" 这个" 、" 那个" 、" 这些" 、" 那些" 等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。
指示代词有:this 这个,that 那个,these 这些,those 那些,it 那个,这个,Such 如此的,如此的事物,same 同样的,同样的事物。
指示代词this ,these ,that ,those 在句中的功用
指示代词this ,these ,that ,those 在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词,可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如:
This is a plane,这是一架飞机。(作主语)
Oh ,it's not that.噢,问题不在那儿。(作表语) How do you like these?你喜欢这些吗?(作宾语)
This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.这是一本关于中医的书。(作定语)
指示代词ins ,these ,that , those的其它用法
1)This (these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物,that(those)则常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。如:
This is a sickle and that is an axe.这是一把镰刀,那是一把斧子。
These days are cold.这些天很冷。
In those days the poor people had a hard time.在那些日子里,穷人生活很苦。
2) 有时that 和those 指前面讲到过的事物,this 和these 则指下面将要讲到的事物。如:
I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我伤风很厉害,所以我没有来。
Those two statements are not true. 那两种说法是不真实的。 What I want to say is this :Pronunciation is very important in learning English.我所要说的是:语音在英语学习中非常重要。
chairman Mao honoured Lin Hulan with these words :"A great life A glorious death"毛主席用下面的话表彰刘胡兰:" 生的伟大,死的光荣。"
3) 有时为了避免重复提到过的名词,常可用that 或those 代替。如:
The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈阳的气候跟北京的一样好。(that代替climate)
The county's grain output of 1981 was double that of 1970. 这个县1987年的粮食产量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)
Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.南京出产的电视机和上海的一样好。(those代替television sets)
4)This 和that 有时作状语用,表示" 程度" ,意谓" 这么" 和" 那么" 。如:
The book is about this thick.那本书大约有这么厚。 I don't want that much.我不要那么多。
It 指人时亦用作指示代词。指示代词it 在汉语中不必译出。 如:
Who is it?――it's me.是谁?--是我。
Oh, it's you,Lao Wang.哦,是你呀,老王。
Such 和same 也是指示代词,其单、复数的形式相同。它们在句中可用作:
1) 定语
The foreign Visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city before.外宾说他们从来没有看过这样美丽的城市。
We are not talking about the same thing.我们谈的不是一回事。
[注] such作定语时,它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词,这个不定冠词应放在Such 之后,如上面第一例。
2) 相当于名词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 Such were his words.这就是他讲的话。(作主语)
The same can be said of the Other article.另一篇文章也是同样情况。(作主语)
Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么,就从抽屉里拿吧。(作宾语)
His name and mine are the same.他和我同名。(作表语) [注]注意在same 之前一般须用定冠词the 。 疑问代词概说
" 疑问代词有who(谁,主格) ,whom(谁,宾格) ,whose(谁的,所有格) ,what(什么) 和which(哪个,哪些) 等。
疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中
疑问代词一般都放在句首,并在句中作为某一句子成分。如: Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天谁来跟我们讲话?(who作主语)
Who told you so?是谁告诉你的?(who作主语)
Whom are you talking about ?你们在说谁?(whom作宾语,但在句首时口语常用who 代替whom)
Whose umbrella is this ?这是谁的伞?(whose作定语) What is that? 那是什么?(what作表语) What did he say?他说什么?(what作宾语)
Which is yours,the blue pen or the redone?蓝笔和红笔哪一支是你的?(which作主语)
[注一]关于疑问代词的各种用法,可参看77.70-77.72。 [注二]疑问代词who ,what ,which 等后面加单词ever ,可强调语气,表达说话人的各种感情。如:
What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?
Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找谁? [注三]which表示在一定范围之内的选择,what 则没有这种限制。如:
What do you usually have for lunch?你们午饭通常吃些什么?
Which do you like best?你最喜欢哪一个?
Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你们同志们中间谁是东北人?
疑问代词可以引导一个间接疑问句
间接疑问句在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。疑问代词本身
在间接疑问句中又担任一定的句子成分。如:
Who will be in charge of the work is still not decided.谁将负责这项工作,现在还没有决定。(疑问代词who 引导一个主语从句,它本身又在从句中用作主语。)
Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字吗?(疑问代词what 引导一个宾语从句,而它本身又在从句中用作表语。)
[注一] what所引导的名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句) 有时不是间接疑问句。如:
What he says is quite true.他所讲的话很对。(what相当于that which 。它引导一个主语从句,这个从句不是间接疑问句。)
Children do what the nurse tells them to do.保育员让孩子干什么他们就做什么。(what引导一个宾语从句,这个从句也不是间接疑问句。)
[注二] whatever,whoever ,whichever 等词可引导名词性从句。这些名词性从句也不是间接疑问句。whatever ,whoever ,whichever 也可引导表示让步的状语从句。见15.65和15.72) 如:
They eat whatever they can find.他们找到什么就吃什么。(whatever引导一个宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)
I've got plenty of books 1eft.Whoever wants an extra copy can get one from me.我还剩下许多书,谁还想再要一本可来拿。(whoever引导一个主语从句,并在从句中作主语。)
关系代词
两种可用来引导从句并将从句和主句连接起来的代词
这样的代词一方面在从句中用作句子成分,可作主语、宾语、定语等;另一方面又起连词的作用。这样的代词有关系代词和疑问代词两种。(关于疑问代词,见4.18)
关系代词概说
关系代词有who ,whose ,whom ,that ,which 等,用来引导定语从句。它们在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语或表语;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(这样的名词和代词叫做先行词) 。如:
The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist 和布朗先生谈话的那个人是个眼科大夫。(关系代词who 在从句中用作土语,它的先行词是man)
He is the comrade whom you have been looking for他就是你要找的那位同志。(关系代词whom 在从句中作宾语,它的先行词是comrade ,whom 在口语中一般可省去)
The old man whose son is in the navy used to be carpenter. 儿子在海军的那位老人过去是个木匠。
(关系代词whose 在从句中用作定语,先行词为man)
The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher. 我昨晚看的那部电影说的是一个年轻教师的事。(关系代词which 在从句中用作宾语,先行词为film, which在口语中可省略)
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的飞机。(关系代词that 在从句中用作主语,先行词为plane)
不定代词概说
不是指明代替任何特定名词(或形容词) 的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词有:
some 一些(可数或不可数) somebody 某人 someone 某人
something 某物,某事
any 一些,任何(可数或不可数) anybody 任何人 anyone 任何人 anything 任何事物 no 无(可数或不可数) nobody 无人 no one无一人 nothing 无物 all 全体,全部 both 两个
neither 没有人或物(指两个当中) none 没有人或物(指两个以上) either 任何一个(指两个当中) each 每个 every 每个
everybody 每人,大家,人人 everyone 每人
everything 每一个事物,一切 other (s)另一个(些)
another 另外一个,又一个 much 很多(不可数) many 很多(可数) few 很少(可数)
a few一些,几个(可数) little 很少(不可数) a little一些(不可数) one 一个(人或物) 不定代词的用法
不定代词大都可代替名词和形容词,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如:
1) 用作主语
Both of them are waiters.他们俩人都是男侍者。 Is everybody here?人都到了吗? 2) 用作宾语
I know little about the novel关于这本小说我知道的很少。 I am speaking for myself,not for others.我只代表自己,不代表别人发言。
I was interested in everything that the old man told me.我对于这位老人告诉我的一切都感兴趣。
3) 用作表语
That's all for today. class is dismissed.今天就讲这一些。现在下课。
This book is too much for me.这本书对我说太难了。 4) 用作定语
Study well and make progress every day.好好学习,天天向上。
He has some English books.他有一些英文书。
china will become a powerful modern country in another twenty years.再过二十年中国将成为现代化强国。
[注]有些不定代词也可用作同位语和状语。如:
Wang and Li both made good progress.王和李两人都有很大进步。(同位语)
They all went to the Zoo.他们都去动物园了。(同位语) Are you any good at mathematics?你数学好吗?(状语) The meeting lasted some two hours.会议进行了两个小时左右。(状语)
复合不定代词
由some ,any ,no ,every 加上-body ,-one ,-thing 构成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词。
1) 复合不定代词有
a) somebody 某人 someone某人 something 某物,某事
b) anybody 任何人 anyone 任何人 anything 任何事物
c) nobody 无一人no one无一人 nothing [5nQWiN]无一物
d)everybody ,everyone 每人,大家,人人 everything 每一个事物,一切 2) 复合不定代词的用法
a) 复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句中用作主语、宾语和表语。如:
Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。(作主语)
I have got nothing to say.我没有什么话要说。(作宾语) something 和anything 的区别与some 和any 的区别一样,前
者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。如:
Have you anything to say about this question? -No, I haven't anything to say. (或I have nothing to say.)(或Yes, I have something to say.) 关于这个问题,你有什么话要讲吗?--我没有什么话要讲。(我有话要说。)
She told them something about her work.她跟他们谈了一些关于她的工作上的事。(作宾语)
b) 复合不定代词被形容词所修饰时,形容词须放在它们的后面。如:
There is nothing wrong with the lathe. 这个车床没有毛病。 is there anything important in today's newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗?
I need somebody strong to help me.我需要一个体格强壮的人帮助我。
[英语语法手册]副词 什么是副词
副词(adverb)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如:often 往往,here 这里,very 很,quickly 很快地。
副词的构成
1) 本身就是副词,如now 现在,there 那里,rather 颇。 2) 由形容词加词尾-1y 变来,如firmly 坚决地,happi1y 幸福地。
3) 与形容词同形
early adj. 早的 early adv. 早 high adj. 高的 high adv. 高高地
long adj. 长的,长久的long adv. 长久地 副词的种类
副词可分为下列几种:
1) 普通副词(ordinary adverb)如:together 一起,well 好,seriously 认真地,slowly 慢,carefully 小心地。
2) 疑问副词(interrogative adverb) 如:when 何时,where 何地,how 如何,why 为何。
3) 关系副词(relative adverb)如:where ,when 。
4) 连接副词(conjunctive adverb)如:then 然后,so 所以,there{ore所以,however 然而,hence 所以,thus 这样,nevertheless 然而,otherwise 否则,still 可是,仍然。
副词的用法
副词在句中可用作:
1) 状语(这是副词在句子中的主要功用)
It is raining hard.雨下得很大。(副词hard 作状语,修饰动词is raining。)
Don't drive too fast.车子不要开得太快。(fast是副词,作状语,修饰动词drive ,副词too 又修饰副词fast 。)
He speaks English quite well.他英语讲得相当好。(well修饰动词speaks ,quite 又修饰副词well 。)
This is a fairly useful tool,这是一件相当有用的工具。(fairly修饰形容词useful)
He has always helped his sister with her homework.他一向帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。(always修饰动词has helped)
She often went there.她常到那儿去。(often和there 均是副词,修饰动词went 。)
Perhaps he will telephone later. 也许他以后会打电话来的。(perhaps是副词,用以修饰全句。)
2) 表语
Is he up?他起床了没有? She is out.她出去了。 3) 定语
Life here is full of joy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。(here修饰名词life)
副词的位置
1) 修饰动词时,有三种位置。 2) 修饰形容词和副词时,须放在被修饰词之前。如:
It is a rather difficult job,这是一件颇为困难的工作。(rather修饰形容词difficult)
He runs very fast.他跑得很快。(very修饰副词fast) 3) 副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。如:
The peasants there are busy digging a canal now.那里的农民现在正忙于修水渠。
On my way home,I met groups of Young Pioneers.在回家的路上我遇见成群的少先队员。
副词的比较等级
和形容词同形的副词的形式变化与形容词完全相同。但以词尾-1y 结尾的副词(注意early 一词的-1y 不是副词的词尾) 须用more 和most 。另外,须注意下面例词中well ,badly 的不规则变化。如:
原级比较级 最高级
hard 努力地harderhardest fast 快faster fastest well 好better best badly 坏 worseworst
early 早 earlier earliest
quickly 快 more quicklymost quickly
happily 快乐地 more happily most happily 副词比较等级的用法
1) 副词比较级的用法与形容词比较级相似。如:
David drives faster than anyone I know.大卫开车比我所知道的任何人都要快。
She plays table tennis better than I.她乒乓球打得比我好。(从句中省略了play table tennis)
Mr. Martin usually gets to the office earlier than others. 马丁先生到办公室通常比别人早。
They speak less fluently but more correctly than we do.他们讲得不如我们流利,但比我们正确。
2) 副词最高级用法,除副词前可以不用the 外(用the 也可以) ,其余与形容词最高级相同。如:
I work fastest when I'm under pressure.我在有压力时工作得最快。
He swims the best in Class One.一班他游泳最好。 比较等级的一些特殊用法 两种不同形式
有几个形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种的比较等级不同形式,而且意义也不同。
举例说明:
1)Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world. 罗马是世界上最古老的城市之一。
Her eldest daughter is a school teacher.她大女儿是个教员。
My elder brother is in college. He is two years older than I. 我哥哥在上大学,他比我大两岁。
[注]older,oldest 说明人的年纪或事物的年代的久远,但在美国英语里也表示长幼。
2)They reached the place later than we.他们到达那儿比我们晚。
Twenty years later he returned to his home village. 二十年后,他回到自己的家乡。
3)Who spoke last?是谁最后发言的?
What is the latest news about the sports meet?关于运动会最近有什么消息?
as...as ;not so. . .as或not as...as 1) 表示" 相等" 用as...as 。
2) 表示" 不相等" 用not so...as或not as...as。如:
1)This knife is as sharp as that one.这把刀跟那把一样快。
Bill is as tall as I. 比尔和我一般高。
Is this bag of soyabeans as heavy as that one?这袋大豆
跟那袋一样重吗?
You know as well as I do.你和我一样明白。
[注]注意as 后面的形容词如作定语,而被定语修饰的名词有不定冠词a 时,冠词a 须放在形容词之后,如German is as difficult a language as English.(德语和英语一样难学。) 。这样的词序也适用于so ,如I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin before.(我过去从未见过像桂林这样美丽的地方。)
2)tian An Men Square was not so big as it is now.天安门广场过去没有现在这样大。
The Atlantic Ocean is not as big as the Pacific ocean.大西洋没有太平洋大。
表示" 几倍于"
用twice (两倍) ,three times(三倍) 等加as...as.. 如:
New York is ten times as big as my home town.纽约有我的家乡十个大。
The output of the paper mill is now three times as high as it was in 1966.这家纸厂的生产比一九六六年增加两倍。
This river is twice as long as that one.这条河比那条河长一倍。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 [注]表示" 几倍于" 也可以用下面的说法,如: Three times three is nine.三乘三得九。 He is twice my age.他的年龄比我大一倍。
This lake is four times the size of that one.这个湖有那个湖四个大。
The irrigated area in this province is four times bigger than in l978. 这个省的灌溉面积比1978年增加三倍。(four times bigger than = four times as big as)
Our county's agricultural output this year is 5 per cent higher than that of last year.我们县今年农业产量比去年增长百分之五。
表示程度
可用much ,far ,still ,even ,a 1itt1e ,no ,any ,a great deal 等状语来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如:
The Yellow River is long ,but the Changjiang River is even longer. 黄河长,长江更长。
We are much better off now.我们的生活比过去好得多。 She sings far better than the others.她唱得比别人好得多。
Wang is taller than Zhang. Li is still than Wang. 王比张高,李比王还高。
[注一]注意下面的一些说法。如:
I couldn't move a step further,我连一步也走不动了。 The meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.会议比平常多开了两个钟头。
He is a head taller than I.他比我高一个头。(也可以说He is taller than me by a head.)
They got there earlier than we by twenty minutes.他们比我们早二十分钟到达那里。
The students of the university have increased by 100 per cent since l978.
这个大学的学生自一九七八年以来增加了一倍。 Do you want any more? -Yes,give me two more. 你还要吗? 一是的,再给我两个。
Have you any more tickets? -Sorry,I have no more. 你还有票吗? -对不起,没有了。
[注二]可用形容词最高级 + possible或imaginable 等词来强调语气。如:
I think he is the best possible man for the job.我认为他做这工作最合适。(也可以说the best man possible)
Swimming in winter is the best form of exercise imaginable. 冬泳是最好的运动方式。(也可以说the best imaginable form)
[英语语法手册]英语精品--比较级 [vip]"比较级 + and + 比较级"
(后面不可接than 从句) 可用来表示" 越来越" 。如:
The days are getting longer and longer.白天越来越长了。 He is becoming more and more interested in sports. 他对运动越来越有兴趣了。
The more the more 的用法 意思是" 越…,就越…" 。如:
The harder you work,the more you Will learn.你越努力,就越学得多。
The greater the mass of a body ,the greater is its inertia. 物体的质量越大,它的惯性就越大。
The more you eat,the fatter you get.你吃得越多,长得越胖。
The more,the better.越多越好。 more than和less than
这两个固定词组分别表示" 多于"" 少于" 。如:
There are more than three hundred households in this village. 这个村子有三百多户人家。
The finished the Work in less than a year.他们不到一年就完成这项工作。
Our country has established diplomatic relations with more than one hundred countries.我国已经和一百多个国家建立了外交关系。
no more than和not more than
no more than的意思是" 只不过" ,not more than的意思是" 不多于" 。试比较:
There are no more than ten tickles left. 剩下不到十张票。 (有" 票少" 的含义)
The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons. 做这个试验的人不到五个。(没有" 多" 或" 少" 的含义,只是客观地说明数目)
This room is no bigger than that. 这个房间并不比那个大。 (有" 两个房间都不大" 的含义)
This room is not bigger than that one.这个房间不比那个大。 (没有" 两个房间都不大或都不小" 的含义)
[注]注意not …. Any more than或no more...than在下面句子中的用法。如:
They cannot do the impossible any more than we can.他们和我们同样不能做不可能的事情。
He is no more diligent than I am.他和我同样不勤奋 no less than和not 1ess than
no less than的意思是" 不亚于" ,not less than的意思是" 不少于" 。试比较:
There were no less than a thousand people at the meeting. 到会的有一千人之多。(有" 到会人多" 的含义)
There were not less than one thousand people at the meeting.
到会的至少有一千人。(没有" 到会人多或人少" 的含义)
This song is no less popular than that one.这首歌之受欢迎不亚于那首歌。(有" 两首歌都受欢迎" 的含义)
This song is not less popular than that one.这首歌受欢迎的程度不比那首差。(纯粹比较。不一定有" 两首歌都受欢迎" 的含义)
All the better和so much the better
这一类的说法都有" 因此而更…" 的含义。如:
If that is so,all the better.果真如此,那就更好。 If he will come,so much the better.如果他愿意来,那更好。