雅思小作文
6.5分小作文写作纲要
分成4 块模式:
1. special terms:appear, emerge,不合要求, make one’s debut
Agree, in favor of, advocate高端词汇
2. 架构和过度:改变结构,使用新颖句型和连接成分。
1. referable. 2.个性化
3. temporal topics: broad topics: 文章论据相似,题目千变万化,但大主题是
一样的, 一共有十大主题,合并后有六大主题:生涯规划、 基础设施、抽象题、科技、马斯洛生理需求、全球化。
1. TASK ONE: (F4)
饼图/ 柱状图/表格题/曲线图,其中柱状图考察频率最高。
Task 1的三种基本句型:
1.主位模式 2. there be模式 3. We can witness… F4整体备战:
1.饼图:Pie Chart
Paraphrase and enrich the expression of statistics
1)数据的paraphrase
60%= three-fifths// three out of five = a/the majority of >50%
= a large/striking/potent/overwhelming/dominant/leading/astounding /splendid/extraordinary/bulky/superfluous/magnificent portion/part/share/ratio/proportion/percentage/margin of >80% (93%)= a lion’s share
/small-scaled/meagre/barren/unnoticed/neglectable/pathetic portion 35%:comparatively majority
37.8%= maximum/comparatively a majority of (
65% 20% 15%:comparatively a minority of WRONG 40% 35% 20% 5%
40%: comparatively a majority(描述) 5%: a minimal portion (极值) 20%: one-fifth (分数)
35%: in moderation, moderate share//medium share (描述) 饼图的三句万能句型
a) 数据+抄题+导入宾语 b) 主语+―占据‖(先特征,后数据) c) 剩余数据 ―占据‖的讲法:
a) constitute b) make up
c) be the factor(s)/instrument(s) of 致成物 the remaining 35% a. the rest (35%) a./n.
the remainder n.剩余物 the remnant n. the remainder of 35% in the charge of – sb
due to//owing to//attributed/ascribed/attached to//for//oriented to//belong to—sth归因于
Pie Chart的审题过程:非常简单
1. 看文字信息
2. 标题审题 标1\2\3 2>1>3
Food and drink, Other items covered comparatively a majority of the Average weekly expenditure, at 26% and 24% respectively. 小作文时态:
1.过去时——过去时间 2.将来时——将来时间
从过去到将来——现在时 3过去进行时 4现在完成进行时 两种禁忌时态: 1) 现在完成时(描述阶段)
Since 1970, there has been a large increase in ______. 最后段文字总结的时候可能会用到现在完成时 2) 现在进行时
On the other hand, Recreation and education, Clothing accounted for a small portion of the expenditure, at 17% altogether/en masse. “累加”的写法:
totaling 17%//amounting to 17%//adding up to 17%//with a total of 17%//equaling 17%//summed up as 17%//put together as 17%
When added up, they amount to ___19% of the expenditure was shared by Housing and power. Furthermore, the remaining 14% was due to Transport and communication.
两个饼状图的写作顺序:
1) 先写一个,另一个再比 2) 直接联动
Coal occupied the maximal portion//was the biggest instrument of the sources of energy, at 47% while Nuclear accounted for a tiny share, with only 1%. Furthermore, 28% altogether of the energy was shared by Oil and Hydro. The remaining 24% was due to Natural Gas.
Task 1的五种基本句型:
1) 2) There was an increase/creeping-up of 4% in the percentage of Coal. 3) We can witness…
4) The year of 1980 (Place) witnessed/reflected/saw/signaled/found … eg. New York witnessed an unprecedented economic growth in the 21st century.
5) A outnumbers/ out percentage B by… A比B大3000. A outnumbers B by 3000. A比B大20%. A outpercentages B by 20%. A: Coal in/of 1980
B: that in 1970=its counterpart(in 1970)对等物
eg. Coal in 1980 outpercentaged its counterpart by 4 percent.
Coal was the biggest/leading//predominant/outstanding/striking instrument among its counterparts,while Nuclear skyrocketed by 10 times.
the percentage of Nuclear was 11 times//eleven-fold that of its counterpart There was an increase of 10 times in Nuclear. We can witness …
The year of 1980 witnessed…
Coal in 1980 outpercentaged its counterpart by 10 times Oil almost remained stable.
There was a decrease of 4% in the percentage of Hydro. In addition, the year of 1980 witnessed a slump of 9% in Natural Gas. What is worth mentioning is Oil was almost morose during the decade.
Through the charts, we can easily draw the conclusion that the new source of energy, particularly Nuclear was given full play while the traditional ones, though still dominant, reached their bottleneck/ceiling to some extent. 两个图的写作原则:3+5
第一张图——3句万能句型
第二张图——涨/跌/平的比较,5个数据。2涨+2跌+(1平) 数据很多的时候,第一张图分三种情况:
最大的——2号句型 最小的——1号句型 中间的——3号句型
Social…, ad, edu, sci cover comparatively a majority of their main fields of study, at …respectively, while 2.24%, 1.84% and 2.10% are shared by... The remaining percentages are in moderation, at 5.53% for , 7.4% and 9.35% respectively. increase max:
min Social Science
Comparatively a majority of Australians aged between 55 and 69 chose Social Sciences, Arts, Engineering, Administration and Education as their main fields of study. On the other hand, Veterinary, Agriculture and Architecture became the least popular subjects to be majored in, accounting for 2.0% and 2.96% respectively. The remaining statistics were in moderation, with an approximate share of 11%.
三个(以上)图的写作原则
分两段,先写最早的。
直接联动(曲线图写作模式) 四个(以上)图的写作原则
参考剑7第四篇,从时间和空间上分析,先时间后空间进行分析。
饼图总结:
一个图:3句万能句型 两个图:3+5
三个图:分两段,先写最早的
四个图:从时间和空间上分析,先时间后空间进行分析。
2. Line Chart
曲线图写作模式:(动态图的写作模式) 要求:1)天龙八部的运用, 10篇以上
2)总分部分,先宏观概括,在作出阶段性的分类。 方法:
1.形态划分:根据四大基本形势变化或者变化的程度进行划分。 eg:汉堡销量图
The graph below shows Harry’s annual sales of hamburgers in 1998. Write a report for a university lecturer describing information shown below.
HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (1998)
Para 2:总分句
All trends(动态)/statistics(静态)/charts(多图) can be categorized/classified into ____ stages(时间)/groups(无时间)/types(多图) with (―general‖ trends or characteristics).
General trends=junk words
with fluctuating from Jan to June, rising sharply from June to Aug, falling sharply from Aug to Oct and rising gently from Oct to Dec.
with fluctuating from Jan to Jun, rising from Jun to Aug, Oct to Dec, falling from Aug to Oct.
with fluctuating gently from Jan to Jun and fluctuating sharply from Jun to Dec. eg:
The graph below shows the number of people at a London underground station from 6:00 to 22:00.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing information shown below. Number of people at a London underground station
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Time Both trends can be catergorized into 2 stages, with rising and falling sharply, from 6-10,16-20; and rising and falling evenly, from 11-15, 20-22.
这个例子就是水平划分法——极其复杂的图根据曲线变化的相似度进行划分。
2.点位划分法: (合并起点和终点)
with fluctuating evenly and gently from Jan to Jun and fluctuating evenly and sharply from Jun to Dec.
形态划分法——最简单的图 点位划分法——较复杂的图
水平划分法——极其复杂的图 根据曲线变化的相似度进行划分。 比较划分法——两根曲线 Comparative Classification:
popularity of 1) predominance/prevalence of 2) p
reference to
All statistics can be categorized into 2 stages with the popularity of listening to radio/predominance of radio audiences/preference to listening to radio from about 6 am to 1 pm and the popularity of watching TV/predominance of TV audiences during the rest of the day.
单线//分线描写(天龙八部)
As to the radio audience, it soared from about 6 am to 8 am, reaching the peak at
about 25% at 8 am, followed by ebbing till the end of a day. We can witness the nadir occurred at around 4 in the morning.
Back to the people watching TV, most of them watched TV from 5 pm to 12 am. The trend almost rose and fell evenly with sharp rise and fall. 8 in the evening was the peak hour for people to watch TV. Furthermore, after 3 am, less than 5% of people would listen to radio or watch TV.
What is worth mentioning is that 8 am and 8 pm are the peak hours for people to
listen to radio and watch TV respectively.
All statistics can be categorized into 3 stages with the equilibrium均势 of/between the birth and death rates in the first decade of the 20th century, the predominance of birth rate in the following two decades, and the predominance of death rate from 1930 to 1970(in the consecutive 40 years).
As to the birth rate, stabilization in the first ten years was followed by leaping to its zenith at 60 per thousand in 1920. We can witness a clear slump to almost one-third of the zenith in 1940. The next 20 years reflected an even rise and fall. Finally it abated to the trough in 1970.
Contrary to the birth rate, the death one continued to creep down after the overlapping period till 1930, when a rally was shown between 1930 and 1940. Fortunately, fewer people died in the rest years, with ebbing to the nadir in 1970. What is worth mentioning is that both birth and death rates reached the bottom level in 1970.
As to death rate, it abated from 1900 to 1930, followed by soaring to its peak at 5% in 1940. We can see an ebbing till 1970.
In the respect of birth rate, the first decade witnessed stabilization, followed by leaping to its peak/zenith at nearly 6% in 1920. It slumped to 2% in 1940 and rose and fell evenly in the next two decades. Finally it had the similar trend with its counterpart, death rate.
Chicken 再涨, Fish变化不是很大 剑7test2 第四篇练习。
3.表格题
数据很多,大概20多个
描述的主线是时间线。非时间线作为副线。横向纵向皆以时间线为主。 The first chart below shows the results of a survey which sampled a cross-section of 100,000 people asking if they traveled abroad and why they traveled for the period 1994-98. The second chart shows their destinations over the same period.
Basically soared, almost soared, or soared except in 1995.
Sample
You should spend about 20 minutes on the task.
The table below shows the average family expenditure in Britain.
Write a report for your teacher describing in the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.
Food always accounts for the largest portion of the expenditure. 先趋势后数据
1. 先趋势
左边标编号: food跌,写1, 1表示第一种变化,趋势。后面下跌的都标1.最多标到4.
总分句:all trends can be catergorized into four groups. With falling in items such as food…. rising in items including housing, fluctuating household goods and services , and stabilizing in other items.
2. 后数据
表格右边,记住编号代号。1.极端数据,2. 范围 3 . 平均值 类比可不标4直接连在一起。反比连在一起,后面写一个―反‖ 以上是表格题动态图。 下面是表格题静态图:
The table illustrates the information of the countries of Madagascar and Mauritius around the Indian Ocean with the following statistics in 1999
数字系统比较:较数据大小的两种形式:1. 多少 2. 倍份
文字系统比较:静态图使用占50%。 Sample: Writing of FAQ for IELTS Task 1 The table makes a detailed comparison and contrast of different items of Madagascar and Mauritius around the Indian Ocean in 1999.
Madagascar was leading in the following items: surface area, population and growth rate of population, which was almost 6 times that of the Mauritius. The surface area of Madagascar reached 12823 km2 while that of Mauritius only accounted for 2189. The percentage of growth rate of population covered 12%, 5 times above that of the counterpart.
However, some of the indexes were led by Mauritius. The GDP per capita of Mauritius amounted to 360 US$, three times that of Madagascar. As for the percentages of enrollment of school, Mauritius also outpercentaged Madagascar in primary and secondary school. The difference was 2.52% for primary school and 22% for secondary school.
What is worth mentioning is that the indicators of wealth of a country are contradictory with the statistics of population and growth rate of population. WRITING TASK 1(Passage 5)
The table below shows the kilometers of route, date opened and passengers per year
文字系统常用的表达:
1. Be given full play.
2. Be attached a more importance to 3. Maintaining a momentum
剑7 第二篇 Chicken consumption is attached more importance to. Chicken gained upper hand to beef. There is equilibrium between A and B.
最后看两个词:
Imparallel: there is an imparallel gap between A and B. Unrival: number1 . A is unrivaled among sth.
Counterpart: 一般的小作文基本上会用到。
Chicken’s consumption is unrivalled among its counterparts.
We would be optimistic/ pessimistic about sth. Sth would foresee a bright future.
4.柱状图
本质是其他三个题型的柱子版
百分比
All trends can be categorized into 3 groups,with fluctuating in bus, rising in car, and falling in bike and walk.
小作文整体写作框架
Opening: 不要说的太详细(时间、类型、单位、趋势)
Vary /differ paraphrase
Glance at the bar chart,
图与图之间没有联系的加上respectively.
As it shows in the bar chart, (中国和英国的四大行业) The percentage of total commuters in Europe city 真假主语自己通过语义判断。
通过剑桥练习OPENING 的改写。
Body: 形态划分是主流 (两线相交用比较划分法)
Statistics: 雅思对主体段的分段比较松,不同类型图标分段写,同类型的也可分开写,分层次。 反义词的题目需要注意。 Debut现象,food那张表。 Ending :小作文就是量的问题。
流程图写作技巧:包括流程图加上地图题
Opening:按格式去套
Body:按顺序原则写(as to, as for , in regard to, concerning, on sth, given) Ending: through a brief introduction of sth, we come to realize that.. Having a general glance of sth. 实例分析:剑六蚕丝制作。
不要花太多时间在结构上。 涉猎的语法现象:
1) 被动语态: put in to the basket, the eggs.. 2) 定语从句:减少主语重复
3) 状语从句:时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的 4) 分词短语
5) 介词短语:with , by ,through , to 五个重点: 1. 整体格式 2 句式的丰富
(被动语态、过去分词、定语从句、状语从句、分词短语、介词短语) 3. 过渡的自然: 4. 词汇量的拓展 5.适当的展开加联想 实例分析:剑六蚕丝制作。
这里分析有关瓶子的作文
There are 3 stages. Stage1:
So that they are easily transported by trucks or vans . In the second stage, they get high pressure water.
There are 3 different channels in the plant, which represent 3 different colors of the glass, or three tenors. After recycling in the furnish, glass products are melt into … compound is finally modeled into solid.
Thus the glass will go to the customers for different purposes.
地图题重点:1.方位词汇准备好 lie, be located in , sits in , Appear, disappear,
2.注意设施的有无增减
TASK1.总结 :20分钟按顺序做,F415篇以上,流程图练习四到五篇。