吻合口狭窄
关于食管胃颈部吻合术后吻合口狭窄的前瞻性研究
食管癌的发病与分布都极具地域性,欧美以腺癌为主,在亚洲特别是中国则绝大多数为鳞癌。现今,关于食管癌治疗方法的选择无甚争议,首选手术治疗,其中入路、吻合方式各有不同,且目前胸腔镜等微创手术方法已逐渐成为变革的主流。虽然略有争议,但大部分文章认为无论微创与否,吻合口瘘、胃食管反流、吻合口狭窄等术后并发症发生率并无明显降低,术后生存率也无显著改善,且相关研究也较少[1-9]。且无论传统开胸手术抑或腔镜手术,对食管胃颈部吻合术后吻合口狭窄形成的原因均无针对性的研究,其中普遍认为吻合口狭窄多与吻合口瘘等因素直接相关,但研究多为回顾性分析[10-13],现我中心针对此问题做了一系列前瞻性设计,以其探讨与发现颈部食管胃吻合术后吻合口狭窄的相关因素。 Patients and Methods
Patient Population
2012年07月至2013年4月于我中心同一术者所有行颈部食管胃吻合的病人,共101人。所有病人术前均以胃镜获得明确病理诊断,且行相关检查排除手术禁忌。其中,年龄41-79岁,平均年龄63岁;男性69人,女性32人;食管胸上段癌16例,食管胸中段癌63例,食管胸下段癌21
﹡Table1:病例资料 Methods
所有病人均行根治性手术(淋巴结切除数目均≥12枚),采用管状胃,行颈部器械吻合,其中右侧颈、胸、腹三切口2例,余均为左侧颈、胸两切口。吻合口周围予丝线浆肌层包埋,并除3例病人(1例食管腔明显增粗,选用直径25mm 吻合器;2例明显较细,选用21mm )外随机选用直径23mm (61例)、24mm (37例)吻合器。管状胃的宽度随机分为三组,4cm (54例),5cm (32例),6cm (15例)。由食管入口至胸廓入口中点处划分为上、下两段,吻合口位置于两段之间随机选择。并且,其中纵膈胃91例,胸腔胃10例。 Data
所有病人达临床治愈标准出院,其中2例病人术后住院期间发生吻合口瘘。术后病理回报腺癌1例(ELC ,T4aN1bM0,M ),2例食管、胃重复癌(EMC-s ,CC-a ;ELC-s ,CC-a ),1例贲门癌(CC-a ,食管中段发现大片鳞状上皮增生),1例鳞癌伴神经内分泌癌分化,1例鳞癌伴区域腺样分化,余均为鳞癌。术后病理分期Ⅰ期18例,Ⅱ期45例,Ⅲa 期20例,Ⅲb 期11例,Ⅳ期4例。另外,2例食管贲门重复癌(1例食管为Ⅱ期,1例Ⅲa 期),1例贲门癌(T4aN1bM0)。共14例病人术后发生吻合口狭窄(Table2),通过胃镜下扩张,均已解决,但半数扩张次数都在2次以上。
Table2:术后发生吻合口狭窄的病例资料
1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5 M 6 M 7 M 8 M 9 M 10 M 11 M 12 M 13 F 14 M
53 窦缓 59 高血压 65 N 56 N 66 慢支 60 N 65 EC 化疗后 75 N
74 高血压,慢支 73 慢支,陈旧性肺TB 61 N 61 糖尿病 63 EC 化疗后 55 乙肝
床 床 床 床 胸腔 床 胸腔 床 床 床 床 床 床 床
5 上 5 上 5 上 6 上 4
上
24 瘘 M 24 N 24 N 24 N 24 N 24 N 24 N 24 N 25 N 23 N 24 N
M L L U U M
L 累及贲门 M M M
T1bN0M0H1G2, Ⅰb T3N0M0H1G2, Ⅱ T3N0M0H1G2, Ⅱ T3N0M0H1G3, Ⅱ T3N1aM0H1G2, Ⅲa T1aN0M0H1G2, Ⅰb T3N1bM0H1G3, Ⅲb T4aN1aM0H1G2, Ⅲa T2N0M0H1G1, Ⅰb T3N0M0H1G3, Ⅱ T1bN0M0H1G3, Ⅰb T3N1aM0H1G3, Ⅲa T3N1bM0H1G2, Ⅲb T2N0M0H1G2, Ⅰb
6 上 6 上 5 下 6 下 4 上 5 上 4 下 4 下 5 上,右三切
24 瘘 M 23 N 23 N
M U
Results
术后发生吻合口瘘的2例病人均出现吻合口狭窄(100%),去除此2例病人。总的吻合口狭窄发生率为12.12%,其中男性11例(16.42%),女性1例(3.13%),(0.1
以往针对食管胃吻合术后吻合口狭窄的原因多考虑为吻合口瘘、吻合方式、吻合技术(手工)等方面,且均为回顾性分析,本项研究中所有病人均为同一术者手术,均为器械吻合,吻合口周围浆肌层包埋4针,更大程度上排除了吻合方式及吻合技术等人为因素影响。其中,共发生2例吻合口瘘,治愈后均出现吻合口狭窄(100%)。同时,吻合口位置的高低对吻合口狭窄的发生也有一定的影响(P
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