无主句的翻译
无主句的翻译
无主句,指只有谓语部分,没有主语部分的句子,汉语的无主句,不同于省略句,它并非是主语省略,而是句子按约定俗成不出现主语,或者是无需主语意义一样完整,无主句在汉语,特别是成语,口语中大量出现,是汉语所特有的句型,在译成英语时,要根据英语的表达习惯,作一定的变通处理。
一、译成被动句
继续通过平等友好协商,处理彼此间存在的一些分歧和争议,寻求问题的逐步解决。 through continued friendly consultations on an equal footing.
对长期亏损,扭亏无望的企业实施规范破产。 whose long-time difficult situation is unlikely to be changed.
某些表示事物存在、出现的无主句,可以译成被动句。例如:
封面上印着一个猎人的像。
The figure of a hunter was printed on the cover (of the book).
某些表示要求、规定的无主句,也往往可以译成被动句。
考场内禁止喧哗。
Noise is forbidden in the examination hall.
二、there be结构
要发展就要变,不变就不会有发展(《邓选》)
Development means change; without change there can be no development.
在这个问题上存在着不同的意见。
There exist different opinions on this question.
街角躺着一个病得很重的老人。
There lies at the corner of the street an old man who is seriously ill.
三、倒装语序
在游廊的最左端,靠近一道门,却坐有一位将近三十岁的男子。
Close by a door at the extreme left of the veranda sat a man of about thirty.
描金的福建漆盘子里还放着当天的报。
On the gilded Fujian lacquer tray also lay the morning newspaper.
地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅、锌。
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc.
和这些产品一道展出的还有宾馆、健身房模型。
On display by the side of those products were models of hotels and gyms.
决不让错误言论自由泛滥。
Under no circumstance should erroneous statements be allowed to spread unchecked.
四、选用适当的名词或代词补出主语
补充主语多为泛指代词或名词 (we, one, you)
弄得不好,就会前功尽弃。
If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.
在这里(茶馆里),可以听到最荒唐的新闻,如某处的大蜘蛛怎么成了精,受了雷击。
In the teahouses one could hear the most absurd stories, such as how in a certain place a huge spider had turned into a demon and was then struck by lightning.
突然钻出一只狗,追着她咬,几乎把她吓糊涂了。
A dog rushed out to chase after her,scaring her almost out of her wits.
She was petrified when a dog rushed out and chased her.
屋内悄无一人,只听见钟在滴答滴答地走。
No one was in the room:only the ticking of a clock could be heard.
到了济南府,进得城来,家家泉水,户户垂柳,比那江南风景觉得更为有趣。
When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south. (刘鹗《老残游记》 杨宪益、戴乃迭译)
When he reached Jinan and entered the city, he found streams flowing by every house and willows standing by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south.