电子商务专业外文文献(本科)
本科毕业论文
外文文献及译文
文献、资料题目：E-commerce logistics distribution
文献、资料来源：网络
文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2009.3.25
院（部）： 商学院
专 业： 电子商务
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外文文献：
E-commerce logistics distribution
Increased competitiveness in all industrial sectors sharpened by globalization and fall of global supply is forcing companies towards optimization of their business processes and new ways of mergers or partnerships with direct results in decreased business costs. With these strategic alliances new management strategies are formed as Clusters, Supply Chain Management (SCM), E-logistics, etc. Some authors are making references that logistic are “worth” 10% to 12% of GDP (Sahay, 2003). According to AMR research (Challenger, 2001), E-logistics has a potential of lowering costs by 10 %. On basics of these two references we can conclude that E-logistics can save our money for as much as 1.2% of GDP. Therefore it is not surprised that in last few years in high effective companies as Hewlett-Packard, Compaq, Digital Equipment Corporation, Xerox, Dell and Benetton Group top management is favorable to Supply Chain and therefore E-logistics (Romano, 2003).
Developed countries often deal with globalization in two ways: to be more cost competitive with third world countries, and to look for new partners in other countries to manufacture components, subassemblies and even the final products. The second approach forces most developed countries to get into a new area called “ global logistics”. Benefits of global operations include cheap raw materials and end products, lower labor cost, better quality, increased internal competition and better customer service. Some of the disadvantages are unreliable delivery, poor communication and longer time from design to finish production. Challenges are often cultural and linguistic differences, legal requirements, logistics suppliers or manufacturers, exchange rates. There are three major flows involved in global logistics: material flow, document flow and cash flow.
There is collection of literature indicating the importance of clusters and networks not only between firms, but along the value chain and across industries. The networks inherent in these clusters are integral for knowledge generation and diffusion, for technology transfer, for sharing risk and costs, for allowing firms to access new markets and opportunities and, finally, for building comparative advantage in the global market.
Porter (Porter, 1990) defines clusters as geographic concentrations of interconnected
companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions. He proposed a model that provides conditions that have to be met for a firm to be internationally competitive and successful. This model focuses on four primary conditions which he arranged in a diamond-shaped diagram: factor conditions, demand conditions, structures of firms and rivalry and related and supporting industries. The
In the article informatization of STLC will be presented through the project Modeling, Analyzing and Renovation, Standardization and Informatization of business processes of the Slovenian Transport Logistics Cluster which is performed by Business Informatics Institute in Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. With informatization have logistic companies’ not just better connectivity with their customers and suppliers but also better performance and faster responds. To achieve appropriate level of informatization STLC must invest in modern information technologies. One of possible solutions is use of internet with his costless policy and in last years high security as the most appropriate communication channel. Developed countries often deal with globalization in two ways: to be more cost competitive with third world countries, and to look for new partners in other countries to manufacture components, subassemblies and even the final products. The second approach forces most developed countries to get into a new area called “ global logistics”. Benefits of global operations include cheap raw materials and end products, lower labor cost, better quality, increased internal competition and better customer service. Some of the disadvantages are unreliable delivery, poor communication and longer time from design to finish production. Challenges are often cultural and linguistic differences, legal requirements, logistics suppliers or manufacturers, exchange rates. There are three major flows involved in global logistics: material flow, document flow and cash flow.
Packaging performs two basic functions–marketing and logistics. In marketing the packaging acts promotion and advertising. Its size, weight, color, and printed information attract
customers and convey knowledge of the product. When firms are involved in international marketing, packaging becomes even more important. Products sold to foreign countries travel greater distances and undergo more handling operations. The logistics package is to protect the products during the process of logistics. Scrap disposal. The logistics process must effectively and quickly handle, transport, and store waste products. If they can be reused or recycled, logistics company should arrange and move them to the re–production and re–processing locations. Return goods handling. The handling of return goods is often called reverse distribution. Buyers may return items to the seller for a number of reasons. Most logistics systems are not good enough to handle such cases. In many industries, consumers return products for warranty repair, replacement, or recycling, reverse distribution costs may be very high. Reverse distribution will become more important as customers demand more flexible and favorable return policies.
For all logistic companies it is assumed to control global logistic chain of their customers and therefore are dependent on successful implementation of informatization technologies which leads to decrease of inventory costs, better customer retention, asset management, etc.
中文译文：
电子商务物流配送
增加对全球化和全球供应下降削尖所有工业部门的竞争力，迫使他们对优化业务流程和兼并或在降低经营成本的直接成果的伙伴关系的新途径公司。有了这些新的管理策略，战略联盟形成的产业集群，供应链管理（SCM），电子物流等一些作家都在引用后勤是“值得”10％至12国内生产总值（萨海，2003年）％。根据AMR研究（挑战者，2001），电子物流拥有10％降低成本的潜力。在这两个基本参照我们可以得出结论，电子物流可以节省高达1.2％的GDP我们的钱。因此，这是不奇怪的是，在惠普，康柏，数字设备公司，施乐，戴尔和贝纳通集团高层管理高效的公司过去数年，有利于供应链，因此电子物流（罗马，2003年）。
发达国家常在两个方面实施全球化:在第三世界国家谋求更大的成本优势,以及在其他国家寻找新的合作伙伴生产零配件、半成品甚至制成品。这第二个方面迫使发达国家不得不进入一个叫做“全球物流”的新领域。 全球经营的利益包括(获得)廉价的原材料和终端产品,降低的劳动成本,更好的质量,提升国际竞争力以及更好的客户服务。其缺点主要是交货的不可靠性,艰难的沟通以及从产品的设计到产品的生产完成需要更长的时间。面临的挑战经常来自于文化和语言的差异,法律要求,物流支持,寻求合适的全球供应商或生产商,外汇汇率等。 全球物流涉及到三种流转:物料流转,单据流转和资金流转
还有的指示集群和企业之间的网络不仅重视文献的收集，而是沿着价值链和各个行业。在这些集群的网络固有的知识生成和扩散的技术转移分担风险和成本，积分，为使公司进入新的市场和机会，并最终建立在全球市场上的比较优势。
波特（波特，1990）定义为相互关联的公司，专门供应商，服务提供商，在相关行业的公司，以及相关机构的地理集中集群。他提出了一个模型，提供条件，必须满足一个公司，具有国际竞争力和成功的。这种模式主要集中在四个条件，他在一个菱形图安排：要素条件，需求条件，企业和竞争，相关与配套产业的结构。 “相关和配套产业”的特征是指钻石的国际竞争优势的发展纳入健康的两个集群特征聚类的重要性：支持通过垂直产业国际竞争力的供应商，确保成本效益和快速交货的存在，以及在场的水平支撑在国际竞争力的相关产业，刺激本地的竞争，协调和分享活动。
在信息化的STLC文章将介绍通过项目建模，分析和改造，标准化和斯洛文尼亚运输物流的集群业务，由于企业信息研究所进行的经济学，斯洛文尼亚卢布尔雅那大学法学院过
程信息化。随着信息化的物流公司不仅是更好地与客户和供应商连接，也更好的性能和更快的响应。为了实现信息化STLC适当水平必须投资在现代信息技术。可能的解决方案之一是使用互联网与他的无成本的政策，在过去几年中作为最适当的沟通渠道，高安全性。
发达国家常在两个方面实施全球化:在第三世界国家谋求更大的成本优势,以及在其他国家寻找新的合作伙伴生产零配件、半成品甚至制成品。这第二个方面迫使发达国家不得不进入一个叫做“全球物流”的新领域。全球经营的利益包括(获得)廉价的原材料和终端产品,降低的劳动成本,更好的质量,提升国际竞争力以及更好的客户服务。其缺点主要是交货的不可靠性,艰难的沟通以及从产品的设计到产品的生产完成需要更长的时间。面临的挑战经常来自于文化和语言的差异,法律要求,物流支持,寻求合适的全球供应商或生产商,外汇汇率等。 全球物流涉及到三种流转:物料流转,单据流转和资金流转。
包装执行两个基本的功能—营销和物流。就市场营销而言，包装承担促销和广告的功能。其尺寸、重量、颜色和印制的信息会对顾客产生吸引力并将产品信息传达给顾客。当企业涉足国际市场营销时，包装就显得更为重要。出口到国外的产品需要运输更长的距离，经历更多的装卸搬运。而物流包装在物流过程中起到了保护产品的作用。 废弃物处理。物流过程中的活动也应当包括高效快速地对废弃物进行装卸、运输和仓储。如若废弃物能够重新利用或回收，物流企业应当合理安排并将其运送到再生产或再加工地点。 退货处理。退货处理通常叫做反向配送。买方可能因各种原因将产品退回卖方。多数物流系统未能对此类事件作出足够妥善的处理。在很多行业，消费者因维修保证、更换或回收而退回产品，因而反向配送的成本可能会很高。由于顾客对退货政策的要求更加灵活、更加实惠，反向配送将更加重要。
对于所有的物流公司则假定为控制全球的客户物流供应链，因此是对成功实施信息化技术，可导致降低库存成本，更好地留住客户，资产管理等相关。