船舶避碰规则

船舶避碰规则（一） -

GENERAL (总则)

RULE 1

Application (适用)

(a) These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters co

nnected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.

本规则各条适用于公海和连接于公海而可供还船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶。 (b)Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made

by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbors, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.

本规则各条不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地。港口、江河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特殊规定的实施。这种特殊规定应尽可能符合本规定各条。

(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules m

ade by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.

本规则各条，不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制订的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，或者为结队从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号的特殊规则的实施。这些特殊规则应尽可能不被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或信号。

(d)Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose

of these Rules.

为实施本规则，本组织可以采纳分道通航制。

(e)Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of spe

cial construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signaling appliances, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signaling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel.

当有关政府确定某种特殊构造或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本规则任何一条关于号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或光弧以及 声号设备的配置和特性的规定时，应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或光弧以及声号设备的配置特性方面为之另行确定且尽可能符合本规则要求的规定。

RULE 2

Responsibility （责任）

(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew

thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.|||

本规则各条并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于对遵守本规则各条的任何疏忽，或者对海员通常做法或当时特殊情况可能要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。

(b)In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all da

ngers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.

在解释和遵行本规则各条时，应充分注意航行、碰撞和特殊情况的危险。包括卷入的船舶为避免紧迫危险而采取的违背本规则行为的危险。

RULES 3

General definition （一般定义）

For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires: （除其他条文另有解释外，在本规则中）

(a)The word “vessel” includes every description of watercraft, including non-displa

cement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

船舶一词，指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏，包括非排水船舶和水上飞机。

(b) The term “power-driven vessel” means any vessel propelled by machinery.

机动船一词，指用机器推进的任何船舶。

(c) The term “sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail provided that propelling

machinery, if fitted, is not being used.

帆船一词，指任何驶帆分船舶，包括装有推进器但没有使用的船舶。

(d)The term “vessel engaged in fishing” means any vessel fishing with nets, trawl

s or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability.

从事捕鱼的船舶一词，指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制的鱼具捕鱼的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵性能受到限制的鱼具捕鱼的船舶。|||

(e)The word “seaplane” includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.

“水上飞机”一词，包括为能水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。

(f)The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some exc

eptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another.

失去控制的船舶一词，指由于某种异常情况，不能按本规则各条的要求进行操纵，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。

(g)The term “vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre” means a vessel which

from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.

The term “vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre” shall include but not be limited to:

(i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline;

(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;

(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway;

(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;

(v) a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations;

(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.

操纵能力受到限制的船舶一词，指由于工作性质，使其按本规则要求进行操纵的能力受到限制，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。操纵能力受到限制的船舶一词应包括但不局限于下列船舶：

（1）从事敷设、维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶；

（2）从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶；

（3）在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶；

（4）从事发射或回收航空器的船舶；

（5）从事清除水雷作业的船舶；

（6）从事拖带作业，而该项拖带作业使该船及被其拖带的船偏离所驶向的能力严重受

到限制的船舶。

(h) The term “vessel constrained by her draught” means a power-driven vessel whi

ch, because of her draught in relation on the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.|||

限于吃水的船舶一词，指由于吃水与可航水域的水深和宽度的关系，致使其偏离所驶航向的能力严重地受到限制的机动船。

(i) The word “length” and “breadth” of a vessel mean her length overall and great

est breadth.

“在航”一词，指船舶不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。

(j) The words “length” and “breadth” of a vessel mean her length overall and grea

test breadth.

船舶的长度和宽度是指其总长度和最大宽度。

（k） Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.

只有当一船能视觉看到另一船时，才应认为两船是互见中。

(l) The term “restricted visibility” means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.

能见度不良一词，指任何由于雾、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任何其他类似原因而使能见度受到限制的情况。

STEERING AND SAILING RULES （驾驶和航行规则）

Section I. Conduct of Vessels in any Visibility

船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规则

RULE 4

Application （适用）

Rules in this Section apply in any condition of visibility.

本节各条适用于任何能见度的情况。

RULES 5

Look-out （瞭望）

Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.

每一船舶应常用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和情况下一切有效的手段保持正规的瞭望，以便对 局面和碰撞危险做出充分的估计。

RULES 6

Safe Speed （安全航速）

Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:

每一船舶在任何时候均应用安全航速行驶，以便能采取适当而有效的避碰行动，并能在适合当时环境和情况的距离以内把船停住。在决定安全航速时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：

(a) By all vessels:

(i) The state of visibility;

(ii)The traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels;

(iii)The manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;

(iv)At night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights;

(v)The state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards;

(vi)The draught in relation to the available depth of water.

对所有船舶：（1）能见度情况；（2）通航密度，包括渔船或者任何其他船舶密集程度；（3）船舶的操纵性能，特别是在当时情况下的冲程和回转性能；（4）

夜间出现的背景亮光，诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反向散射；（5）风、浪和流状况以及靠近航海危险的情况；（6）吃水与可用水深的关系。 (b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:

（i）the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment; (ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;

(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference;

(iv)The possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range;

(v) The number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar;

(vi) The more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity. 对装备有可使用的雷达的船舶，还须考虑：（1）雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性；（2）所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制；（3）海况、天气的其他干扰源对雷达探测的影响；（4）在适当距离内，雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探测不到的可能性；（5）雷达探测到的船舶数目、位置和动态；（6）当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物体的距离时，可能对能见度做出的更确切的估计。|||

RULES 7

Risk of collision (碰撞危险)

(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.

每一船舶应使用适合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段确定是否存在碰撞危险，如有任何怀疑，则应认为存在这种危险。

(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.

如装有雷达设备并可使用的话，则应正确予以使用，包括远距离扫描，以便获得碰撞危险的早期警报，并对探测到的物标进行雷达绘或其他相当的系统观察。 (c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.

不应当根据不充分的资料，特别是不充分的雷达观测资料做出推断。

(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:

(i) Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change;

(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a when approaching a vessel at close range.

在断定是否存在碰撞危险时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：（1）如果来船的罗经方位没有明显的变化，则应认为存在这种危险；（2）即使有明显的方位变化，有时也可能存在这种危险，特别是在驶近一艘很大的船舶或拖带船组时，或是在近距离驶近他船时。

RULES 8

Action to avoid collision (避免碰撞的行动)

(a) Any action taken to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.|||

为避免碰撞所采取的任何行动，如当时环境许可，应是积极地，并应及早地进行和注意运用良好的船艺。

(b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstance of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.

为避免碰撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何变动，如当时环境许可，应大得足以使他船用视觉或雷达观察时容易察觉到；应避免对航向和（或）航速作一连串的小变动。

(c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation. 如有足够的水域，则单用转向可能是避免紧迫局面的最有效行动，只要这种行动是及时的，大幅度的并且不致造成另一紧迫局面。

(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.

为避免与他船碰撞而采取的行动，应能导致在安全的距离驶过。应细心查核避让行动的有效性，直到最后驶过让清他船为止。

(e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.

如须避免碰撞或须留有更多时间来估计局面，船舶应当减速或者停止或倒转推进器把船停住。

(f)

(i) A vessel which by any of these Rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the other vessel.

(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the Rules of this part.

(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the Rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.

（1）根据本规则任何规定，要求不得妨碍另一艘船舶通过或安全通过的船舶应根据当时环境需要及早地采取行动以留出足够的水域供其他船舶安全通过。|||

（2）如果在接近其他船舶致有碰撞危险时，被要求不得妨碍另一船舶通过或安全通过的船舶并不解除这一责任，且当采取行动时，应充分考虑到本章各条可能要求的行动。

（3）当两条船相互接近致有碰撞危险时，其通过不得被妨碍的船舶仍有完全遵守本章各条规定的责任。

RULE 9

Narrow channels (狭水道)

(a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.

船舶沿狭水道或航道行驶时，只要安全可行，应尽量靠近本船右舷的该水道或航道的外缘行驶。

(b) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.

帆船或者长度小于20米的船舶，不应妨碍只能在狭水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶通行。

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.

从事捕鱼的船舶，不应妨碍在狭水道或航道以内航行的任何其他船舶的通行。 (d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34 (d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.

如果船舶穿越狭水道或航道会妨碍只能在这种水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶的通行，船舶就不应穿越狭水道或航道，后者若对穿越的意图有怀疑时，可以使用第34条第4款所规定的声号。

(e) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34 (c) (i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34 (c) (ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34 (d) (ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.

（1）在狭水道或航道内，如只有在被追越船必须采取行动以允许安全通过才能追越时，则企图追越的船，应鸣放第34条3款（1）项所规定的相应声号，并采取使之能安全通过的措施。如有怀疑，则可以鸣放第34条4款所规定的声号。

（2）本条并不解除追越船根据第13条所负的义务。

(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34 (e).

船舶在驶近可能被居间障碍物遮蔽他船的狭水道或航道弯头或地段时，应特别机警和谨慎地驾驶，并应鸣放第34条5款所规定的相应声号。

(g)Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.

任何船舶，如当时环境许可，都应避免在狭水道内锚泊。

RULE 10

Traffic separation schemes (分道通航制)

(a) This Rule applies to traffic separation adopted by the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other Rule.

本条适用于本组织所采纳的各分道通航制，但并不解除任何船舶遵守任何其他各条规定的责任。

（b）A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:

(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane;

(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;

(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.

使用分道通航制区域的船舶应：

（1）沿着船舶流向总方向规定的相应通航分道行驶；

（2）尽可能让开通航分隔线或分隔带；

（3）通常在通航分道的端部驶进或驶出，但从分道的任何一侧驶进或驶出时，应与分道的船舶总流向形成尽可能小的角度。

(c) A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.

船舶应尽可避免穿越通航分道，但如不得不穿越时，应尽可能用与分道的船舶总流向成直角的航向穿越。

(e) (i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 metres in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.|||

（1）当船舶可安全使用邻近分道通航制时，不应使用沿岸通航带。但长度小于20m 的船舶、帆船和从事捕鱼的船舶可使用沿岸通航带。

(ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d) (i) , a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.

（2）尽管有上述（1），当船舶抵离港口、近岸设施或建筑物、引航站或位于沿岸通航带中的任何其他地方或为避免紧迫危险时，可使用沿岸通航带。

(e)A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except: (i)in case of emergency to avoid immediate danger;

(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.

除穿越船或者驶近或驶出通航分道的船舶外，船舶通常不用进入分隔带或穿越分隔线，除非：

（1）在紧急情况下避免紧迫危险；

（2）在分隔带内从事捕鱼。

(f) A vessel navigation in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.

船舶在分道通航制区域端部附近行驶时，应特别谨慎。

(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in s traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.

船舶应尽可能避免在分道通航制区域内或其端部附近锚泊。

(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as practicable.

不使用分道通航制区域的船舶，应尽可能远离该区。

(i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane. A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.

从事捕鱼的船舶，不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的任何船舶的通行。帆船或长度小于20 米的船舶，不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的机动船的安全通行。

(j) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.|||

操纵能力受到限制的船舶，当在分道通航制区域内从事维护航行安全的作业时，在执行该作业所必需的限度内，可除其遵守本条规定的责任。

(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffi

c separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.

操纵能力受到限制的船舶，当在分道通航制区域内从事敷设、维修或起捞海底电缆时，在执行该作业所必须的限度内，可免除起遵守本条规定的责任。 Section II. Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another

船舶在互见中的行动规则

RULE 11

Application （适用）

Rules in this Section apply to vessels in sight of one another.

本节各条适用于互见中的船舶。

RULE 12

Sailing vessels (帆船)

(a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follow: (i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other;

(ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward;

(iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other. 两艘帆船相互驶近并构成碰撞危险时，其中一船应按下列规定给他船让路：|||

（1）两船在不同舷受风时，左舷受风的船应给他船让路；

（2）两船在同舷受风时，上风船应给下风船让路；

（3）如左舷受风的船看到在上风的船而不能断定究竟该船是左舷受风还是右舷受风，则应给该船让路。

(b)For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.

就本条规定而言，船舶的受风舷侧应认为是主帆被吹向一舷的对面舷侧；对于方帆船，则应认为是最大纵帆被吹向一舷的对面舷侧。

RULE 13

Overtaking (追越)

(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Section I and II any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.

不论Part B, Section I and II 的各条规定如何，任何船舶在追越任何他船时，均应给被追船让路。

(b)A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5o degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.

一船正从他船正横后大于22.5o 的某一方向赶上他船时，即该船对其所追越的船所处位置，在夜间只能看见被追越船的尾灯而不能看见它的任一舷等时，应认为在追越中。

(c)When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.

当一船对其是否追越他船有任何怀疑时，该船应假定是在追越，并应采取相应行动。

(d)Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

随后两船间方位的任何改变，都不应把追越船作为本规则各条含义中所指的交叉船，或者免除其让开被追越船的责任，直到最后驶过让清为止。

RULE 14

Head-on situation （对遇局面）

(a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.

当两艘机动船在相反的或近相反的航向上相遇致有构成碰撞危险时，各应向右转向，从而各从他船的左舷驶过。

(b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.

当一船看见他船在正前方或接近正前方：即在夜间，能看见他船的前后桅灯成一直线或接近一直线和（或）两盏舷灯；在日间，看到他船的上述相应形态时，则应认为存在这样的局面。

(c)When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly.

当一船是否存在这样的局面有任何怀疑时，该船应假定确实存在这种局面，并应采取相应的行动。

RULE 15

Crossing situation （交叉相遇局面）

When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.

当两艘机动船交叉相遇有构成碰撞危险时，有他船在本船右舷的船舶应给他船让路，如当时环境许可，还应避免横越他船的前方。

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RULE 16

Action by give-way vessel （让路船的行动）

Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear. 须给他船让路的船舶，应尽可能及早采取大幅度的行动，宽裕地让清他船。

RULE 17

Action by stand-on vessel (直航船的行动)

(a) (i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out or the way the other shall keep her course and speed.

两船的一船应给另一船让路时，另一船应保持航向和航速。

(ii) The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.

然而，当保持航向和航速的船一经发觉规定的让路船显然没有遵照本规则各条采取适当行动时，该船即可独自采取操纵行动，以避免碰撞。

(b) When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision. 当规定保持航向和航速的船，发觉本船不论由于何种原因逼近到单凭让路船的行动不能避免碰撞时，也应采取最有助于避免碰撞的行动。

(c) A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with subparagraph (a) (ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side.

在交叉相遇局面下，机动船按照本条1款（2）项采取行动以避免与另一艘机动船碰撞时，如当时环境许可，不应对在本船左舷的船采取向左转向。

(d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way.

本条并不解除让路船的让路责任。

RULE 18

Responsibilities between vessels （船舶之间的责任）

Except where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require:

除 第九、十和十三条另有规定外：

(a) A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:

(i) A vessel not under command;

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;

(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing;

(iv) a sailing vessel.

机动船在航时应给下述船舶让路：

（1）失去控制的船舶；

（2）操纵能力受到限制的船舶；

（3）从事捕鱼的船舶；

（4）帆船。

(b) A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:

(i) A vessel not under command;

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre;

(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing;

帆船在航行时应给下述船舶让路：

（1）去控制的船舶；

（2）操纵能力受到限制的船舶；

（3）从事捕鱼的船舶。

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of:

(i) A vessel not under command;

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.

从事捕鱼的船舶在航时，应尽可能给下述船舶让路：

（1）控制的船舶；

（2）操纵能力受到限制的船舶。

（d）(i) Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of, the case admit, a

void impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28.|||

除失去控制的船舶或操纵受到限制的船舶外，任何船舶，如当时环境许可，应避免妨碍显示第28条信号的限于吃水的船舶的安全通行。

(ii) A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to her special condition.

限于吃水的船舶应充分注意到其特殊条件，特别谨慎地驾驶。

（e）A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessel and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this Part.

在水面的水上飞机，通常应宽裕地让清所有船舶并避免妨碍其航行，然而在有碰撞危险的情况下，则应遵守本章各条的规定。

Section III. Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility

船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则

RULE 19

Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility （船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则） (a) This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating or near an area of restricted visibility.

本条适用于在能见度不良的水域中或在其附近航行时相互看不见的船舶。

(b) Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel will have her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre.

每一船应以适合当时能见度不良的环境和情况的安全航速行驶，机动船应备好车以备紧急操纵。

(c) Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of Section I of this Part.

在遵守本章Section I 各条时，每一船舶应充分注意到当时能见度不良的环境和情况。

(d)A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if a close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time, provided that when her action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided:

一般仅凭雷达测到他船时，应判定是否正在形成紧迫局面和（或）存在着碰撞危险。若是如此，应及早地采取避让行动，这种行动如包括转向，则应仅可能避免如下各点：

（i）an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken;

除对被追越船外，对正横前的船舶采取向左转向；|||

(ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam. 对正横或正横后的船舶采取朝着它转向。

(e) Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over. 除已确定不存在碰撞危险外，每一船舶当听到他船的雾号明显地在本船正横以前，或者与正横以前的他船不能避免紧迫局面时，应将航速减到维持其航向的最小速度。必要时，应把船完全停住，而且，无论如何，应极其谨慎地驾驶，直到碰撞危险过去止。

PART C. LIGHTS AND SHAPES （号灯和号型）

RULE 20

Application （适用）

(a) Rules in this Part shall be complied with in all weathers.

本规则各条在各种天气条件下都应遵守。

(b) The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset to sunrise, and during such times no other lights shall be exhibited, except such lights as cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules or do not impair their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping of a proper look-out.

关于号灯的各条从日没到日出都应遵守。在此时间内不应显示别的灯光，但那些不会被误认为本规则条款规定的号灯，或者不会消弱号灯的能见距离或显著特性，或者不会妨碍正规瞭望的灯光除外。

(c) The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary.

本规则条款所规定的号灯，如已设置，也应在能见度不良的情况下从日出到日落时显示，并可在一切其他认为必要的情况下显示。

(d) The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day.

关于号型的各条规定在白天都应遵守。

(e)The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with the provisions of Annex I to these Regulations.

本规则条款规定的号灯和号型，应符合本规则附录一的规定。|||

RULE 21

Definitions （定义）

(a) “Masthead light” means a white light placed over the fore and aft centerline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel.

桅灯是指安置在船首尾中心线上方，在225o 水平弧内显示不间断的白色灯光。其设置应使灯光从船的正前方到每一舷正横后22.5o 内显示。

(b) “Sidelights” means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 11

2.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side. In a vessel of less than 20 meters in

length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centerline of the vessel.

舷灯是右舷的绿灯和左舷的红灯各在112.5o 的水平弧内显示不间断的灯光。其设置应使灯光从船的正前方到各自一舷的正横后22.5o 内分别显示。长度小于20米的船舶其舷灯可以合并成一盏装在首尾中心线上。

(c) “Sternlight” means a while light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degreed and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel.

尾灯是指设置在尽可能接近船尾的白灯，在135o 水平弧内显示不间断的灯光。其设置应使灯光从船的正后方到每一舷67.5o 内显示。

(d) “Towing light” （拖带灯）means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the “sternlight” defined in paragraph(c) of this Rule.

(e) “All round light” （环照灯）means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees.

(f) “Flashing light” （闪光灯）means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute.