CRC化学和物理手册1

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

90th Edition

CD-ROM Version 2010

Editor-in-Chief

David R. Lide

Former Director, Standard Reference Data

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Associate Editor

W. M. “Mickey” Haynes

Scientist Emeritus

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Editorial Advisory Board

Henry V. Kehiaian Grace Baysinger

ITODYS Swain Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Library

Stanford University University of Paris VII

Kozo Kuchitsu Lev I. Berger

California Institute of Electronics and Materials Science Department of Chemistry

Josai University

Michael Frenkel Dana L. Roth

National Institute of Standards and Technology Millikan Library

California Institute of Technology

Robert N. Goldberg Daniel Zwillinger

National Institute of Standards and Technology, retired Mathematics Department

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

FOREwORD BY ThE PuBLIShER

Publishing the 90th edition of this landmark reference is a true milestone in the history of CRC Press. Since its first publication in 1913 – as a 116-page pocket-sized book priced at $2 – the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics has developed into a 2800 page tome that no longer fits anyone’s pocket but still finds a place on every scientist’s bookshelf.Certainly, the tremendous advances in science and technology over the past 96 years have fuelled the increase in the Handbook’s contents, but the immense task of data selection, compilation, and organization has been expertly performed by a succession of Editors, Advisory Board members, and Contributors. These people Editorship the Handbook grew to over 3000 pages and the cov-erage expanded to include x-ray crystallography, nuclear physics, synthetic polymers, and other fields that did not exist when his first edition appeared.Following Hodgman’s retirement Robert Weast took over the Editorship and published the 45th edition in 1964. Noticeably big-ger with an 8” by 10” page size, the Handbook continued to expand in both scope and magnitude over the next few years. In 1972, The Chemical Rubber Company first published it under the CRC Press imprint, and in the late 1970’s sold off its laboratory supply busi-ness, moved to new headquarters in Florida, and began building have played a significant role in shaping the today, and it is to them that I wish to pay tribute in this Foreword.Handbook that we see

on a team of subject experts from around the world to contrib-Covering such large subject areas, the Editors have always relied

ute articles and tables. A cursory glance over the names credited through the years provides an interesting historical roll call of re-nowned scientific expertise to the chemists and physicists who have given their time and

leaders such as Nobel Laureate Glenn T. Seaborg, space science Handbook . These contributors include

pioneer James Van Allen, and C. S. “Speed” Marvel, considered the father of synthetic polymer chemistry.

Company Originally

supplies, mathematical formulae and laboratory data. By 1913, it had grown the as an conceived

Handbook incentive by

started to the encourage Ohio-based Chemical Rubber

life as a sales small of booklet their laboratory of useful

to 116 pages and was published in its own right as the of Chemistry and Physics.Handbook

Associate Applied Science. Who could have predicted that this pocket book Professor of Chemistry The Editor was William R. Veazey, an at the (then) Case School of

was to become so well known that its users came to refer to it as the ‘Rubber Bible’ or, simply, the ‘CRC’? To paraphrase a review of the 88th

someone in the next lab has stolen it. edition –“if you can’t find a copy in your lab, that’s because

Editor for the first edition and an Associate Professor of Physics Veazey’s successor was Charles ”D. Hodgman, his Assistant

at 1915 to 1963, overseeing 42 editions of the Case. Hodgman went on to hold the position Handbook of Editor . Under his from

its book publishing business.took David R. Lide became the content to reflect the needs of the modern user. He added, merged, the opportunity to radically Handbook’soverhaul fourth Editor in 1989, and the organization and and dated 100 percent of the content. Staying within the confines of a deleted tables, and during the period of his editorship, up-single volume has always meant difficult decisions on which tables to include – often at the expense of others –but with the advent of electronic media, the and space constraints are less of a problem. Modern production Handbook is now available electronically techniques and the move to a larger page size have given the cur-rent Handbook a cleaner and more user-friendly look.Editor-in-Chief, and the publisher wishes to take this opportunity Publication of the 90th edition marks David Lide’s final edition as to thank him for his tremendous expertise and enthusiasm that has helped make the Starting with the 91Handbook st so indispensable to today’s scientists.to Journal W.M. “Mickey” Haynes, edition, the Handbook editorship transfers Editor-in-Chief of the Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and former Chief of of Thermophysics , Scientist Emeritus at International the National the NIST Physical and Chemical Properties Division. We look for-ward to a new era in the Handbook’s long and illustrious history.Publisher, CRC PressFiona MacdonaldBoca Raton, FloridaMarch 2009

PREFACE TO 90th EDITION

The 90th Edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics marks a milestone for this reference work, which first appeared in 1913. For almost a century the Handbook has been updated annually, except for a few wartime years, and has served several generations of R&D professionals, engineers, and students. Its aim has always been to provide broad coverage of all types of physical science data commonly encountered by scientists and engineers, with as much depth as can be accommodated in a one-volume format. The data contained in the Handbook have been carefully selected by experts in each field; quality control is a high priority and the sources are documented. The annual updates make it possible to add new and improved data in a timely fashion, and references to more detailed data sources have helped to establish the Handbook as the first place to look for physical and chemical data.

This edition also marks the retirement of the current Editor-in-Chief after 20 years in that post. The reception to the changes I have made in the book is very gratifying, and I greatly appreciate the suggestions that have come from the Editorial Board, the contributors, and many users. The new Editor will be W. M. “Mickey” Haynes, who has had long experience in providing physical and chemical data through the National Institute of Standards and Technology and through his service as Editor of the International Journal of Thermophysics. I am confident that he will continue the tradition of excellence the Handbook has achieved.

Many new tables and updates are included in the 90th Edition, especially in the following areas:

Fluid properties (Sec. 6) - new data over a wider temperature and pressure range for

- Water (including D2O) and steam

- Air

- Refrigerants and other important industrial fluids

Biochemistry (Sec. 7) – new tables on

- Enzyme catalyzed reactions

- Structure and functions of common drugs

- Chemical constituents of human blood

Analytical chemistry (Sec. 8) – new and expanded tables on

- Proton NMR shifts for solvents and other fluids

- Mass spectral peaks

- Nuclear moments and other data for NMR spectroscopy

- Aqueous solubility of organic compounds

Astronomy and geophysics (Sec. 14) – new data on

- Properties of the planets and their satellites

- Major world earthquakes, 850 AD to 2008

- Interstellar molecules

Other new and expanded tables

- International recommendations for the expression of uncertainty of measurements

- Description of the new IUPAC chemical identifier (InChI)

- Nobel prize winners in physics and chemistry

- Threshold limits for airborne contaminants

In addition to offering the full text of the print edition in searchable pdf format, this CD-ROM Version 2010 presents the major tables of numerical data in the form of interactive tables that can be sorted, filtered, and combined in various ways. Substances in these tables can be retrieved by

searching on name, formula, CAS Registry Number, or chemical structure, and such a search can be combined with a request for a desired property. Thus one can request a specific property of a specific substance (for example, viscosity of benzene) and receive a customized table with exactly that information. In addition, the CD-ROM version includes a section with pdf files of many older tables that have been removed from the print edition to make space for new material.

Suggestions on new topics for the Handbook and notification of errors are always appreciated. Input from users plays a key role in keeping the book up to date. Address all comments to Editor-in-Chief, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487.

The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is dependent on the efforts of many contributors throughout the world. The list of current contributors follows this Preface. The assistance and support of Dr. Fiona Macdonald, Chemical and Biological Sciences Publisher for CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Books, is greatly appreciated. Finally, I want to thank Mimi Williams, Pam Morrell, Glen Butler, James Yanchak, and Theresa Delforn for their outstanding work in production of the book and the software team at Hampden Data Services for producing the CD-ROM version.

David R. Lide

April 2009

The 90th Edition of the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is dedicated to my wife,

Bettijoyce Breen Lide, and to the members of my family

David Alston Lide, Vanessa Lide Whitcomb and David Whitcomb, James Lide and Deborah Horowitz, Quentin Lide and Suzanne Romero, Neil and Lizzie Molino, and Van Molino

and to my grandchildren

David A. Lide, Jr., Mary Lide, Grace Lide, David A. Whitcomb, Kate Whitcomb, and

Zoë Lide

How To Cite this Reference

The recommended form of citation is: David R. Lide, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th Edition (CD-ROM Version 2010), CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL. If a specific table is cited, use the format: "Physical Constants of Organic Compounds", in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th Edition (CD-ROM Version 2010), David R. Lide, ed., CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL.

This work contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Best efforts have been made to select and verify the data on the basis of sound scientific judgment, but the author and the publisher cannot accept responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.

Copyright Taylor and Francis Group LLC 2010

CuRREnT COnTRIBuTORS

Robert A. AlbertyDepartment of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts 02139Lev I. BergerCalifornia Institute of Electronics and 2115 Flame Tree WayMaterials Science

Hemet, California 92545

A. K. CovingtonDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RUEngland

J. R. FuhrAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards and Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899Technology

J. GmehlingUniversität OldenburgFakultät V, Technische ChemieD-26111 Oldenburg, Germany

Robert N. GoldbergBiotechnology DivisionNational Institute of Standards and Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899Technology

Allan H. HarveyThermophysical Properties DivisionNational Institute of Standards and Boulder, Colorado 80305Technology

Steven R. HellerChemical and Biochemical Reference Data National Institute of Standards and Division

Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899Technology

Norman E. HoldenNational Nuclear Data CenterBrookhaven National LaboratoryUpton, New York 11973

Henry V. Kehiaian7, Allee de la Caravelle94430 Chennevieres sur MarneFrance

Carolyn A. KohCenter for Hydrate Research Colorado School of Mines 1600 Illinois St.Golden, Colorado 80401Willem H. KoppenolDept CHABLab. f. Anorg. Chemie, HCI H211Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10ETH HönggerbergCH-8093 Zürich, SwitzerlandEric W. LemmonThermophysical Properties DivisionNational Institute of Standards and Boulder, Colorado 80305Technology Frank J. Lovas8616 Melwood Rd.Bethesda, Maryland 20817Yu-Ran LuoSchool of Chemistry and Material ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of Hefei 230026, ChinaChina William C. MartinAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards and Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899Technology Alan D. McNaught8 Cavendish AvenueCambridge CB1 7USEngland Thomas M. MillerAir Force Research Laboratory/VSBP29 Randolph Rd.Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010N. Moazzen-AhmadiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, CanadaPeter J. MohrPhysics LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899Technology I. OzierDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of British 6224 Agricultural RoadColumbia Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada Cedric J. PowellSurface and Microanalysis Science National Institute of Standards and Division Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899Technology Joseph ReaderAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards and Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899Technology E. Dendy SloanCenter for Hydrate Research Colorado School of Mines 1600 Illinois St.Golden, Colorado 80401Lewis E. SnyderAstronomy DepartmentUniversity of IllinoisUrbana, Illinois 61801Barry N. TaylorPhysics LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899Technology Petr VanýsekDepartment of ChemistryNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalb, Illinois 60115Wolfgang L. WieseAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards and Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899Technology Christian WohlfarthMartin Luther UniversityInstitute of Physical ChemistryMühlpforte 106108 Halle (Saale), GermanyDaniel ZwillingerMathematics DepartmentRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy, New York 12180Piotr ZylaParticle Data GroupLawrence Berkeley LaboratoryBerkeley, California 94720