高中英语语法定语从句全
定语从句
定语从句(初中)
常可用来作定语的有 形容词) 介词短语) 分词短语) 单个的分词) 定语从句)
注意:单个的词作定语时,放在它所修饰的词的前面,短语或句子作定语时放在它所修饰的词的后面。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词
eg.1)He is the boy . He wants to see you. 他就是想要见你的那个男孩。(who/that 在从句中作主语,修饰先行词the boy)
eg.2)He is the man. I saw him yesterday.
He is the 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(who/whom/that在从句中作saw的宾语,修饰先行词the man,引导词在定语从句中作宾语时常可省略)
eg.3)A plane is a machine . It can fly. (which/that 在从句中作主语,修饰先行词a plane.)
eg.4)Please show me the dictionary. You bought it last week. 典给我看。(which/that在从句中作bought的宾语,可以省略)
定语从句练习(初中)
1.---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?
---Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
答案:D。先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。(不能省)
2. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
答案:Dthat/which合适。(可以省)
3---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?
---He has gone back to Qinghua University.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
答案:B。先行词是人,所以只有who/that合适。(不能省)
4.I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
答案:D。先行词是人,所以只有who/that合适。(不能省)
定语从句(高中)
常可用来作定语的有 形容词) 介词短语) 分词短语) 单个的分词) 定语从句)
注意:单个的词作定语时,放在它所修饰的词的前面,短语或句子作定语时放在它所修饰的词的后面。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词
1) I don’t like the people .They talk much but do little.
I don’t like 我不喜欢那些说得多做得少的人。(who/that 在定语从句中作主语,修饰先行词the person)
2)She is the person . I met her at the school gate yesterday. 她就是我昨天在学校大门口遇到的那个人。(who/whom/that在定语从句中作met的宾语,修饰先行词the person. 引导词在定语从句中作宾语时常可省略)
3)The cars sell very well. They are produced in Hubei Province. 河北省产的那些汽车销售很好。(which /that在定语从句中作主语,修饰先行词the cars)
4)The book is called “The Great Escape”. My grandmother gave me the book. “The Great Escape”.我祖母给我的那本书叫做“大逃亡”。(which/that 在定语从句中作gave的宾语,修饰先行词the book,可以省略)
5) They rushed over to help the man .His car had broken down. 他们都跑过去帮那个车子坏了的那个人。(whose 在定语从句中作定语,修饰先行词the man)
6) Please pass me the book. Its cover is green.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。(whose 在定语从句中作定语,修饰先行词the book)
7)I `ll never forget the day . The accident happened on that day.
I `ll never forget 我不会忘记事故发生的那一天。(when在定语从句中作时间状语,修饰先行词the day)
8) Beijing is the place . I was born in that place. 北京是我的出生地。(where 在从句中作地点状语,修饰先行词the place)
9) This is the reason .He is late for that reason. 这就是他迟到的原因。(why 在从句中作原因状语,修饰先行词the reason)
1.以下情况不能用that,不能用who代替whom,作宾语时不能省
1) 定语从句与先行词之间有逗号出现时(非限制性定语从句,在人名或地名后出现定语从句时往往有逗号出现)
Mr.Smith retired last year. He was my former teacher.
Mr.Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.史密斯先生去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。(不能用that)
My mother died last year. I loved her deeply,
My mother, whom I loved deeply,died last year.我的妈妈我非常爱她,去年去世了。不能用that,不能用who ,虽然在定语从句中作loved 的宾语也不能省)
2) 介词+whom修饰人
The man is my teacher. My father is shaking hands with him.
The is my teacher.(whom/who/that在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,修饰先行词the man,可以省略)
正在和我的爸爸握手的那个人是我的老师。(不能用who,不能用that,不能省)
介词+which修饰物
Do you remember the day?You joined our club on that day?
(which/that在定语从句中作介词on的宾语、可以省略)
你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那天吗?(不能用that,不能省)
(when在定语从句中做时间状语)
2.以下情况一般用that不用which
当先行词为something,nothing,everything,all,the one,much等或先行词被最高级,序数词,the only,the very,the last,not,any等修饰时,或先行词既是人又是物时,或引导词在从句中作表语时,
All that I want to say is this.我想说的就是这些。
This is the very book (that) I am looking for..这正是我在找的书。
My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.我的家乡已不再是过去那个样了。
3.anyone /someone/everyone who
Anyone who is interested in English may attend his lecture.任何对英语感兴趣的人都可以听他讲课。
4.as,which引导的定语从句,修饰整个句子
1)as引导的定语从句可以放在句首,句中,句末,从句中的动词常常是know,understand,see,report,---带有一种众所周知的意思
The earth is round,as is known to us all.地球是圆的,这一点大家都知道。= As is known to us all, the earth is round.= The earth, as is known to us all, is round.
2)which引导的这样的定语从句只能放在从句后,动词没有限制。
He didn`t pass the English exam, which made his parents disappioted.他没有通过英语考试,这使他的父母很失望。
5.such----as----,the same----as----
I want to buy the same dictionary as you used last week.我想买你上星期用的同样的字典。
Such books as you bought are useless.你买的这样的书没用。
6.whose+名词引导的定从=the+名词+of which或of which the +名词
=the +名词+of whom或of whom +the +名词 我住在窗户朝南的房子。=I live in the Her parents wouldn’t let h她的父母不让她和任何家庭穷的人结婚。= Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone the family of = Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone 2)Sometimes we paint our faces and people do not know who we are.
有时我们把我们的脸涂上颜色,这样人们便认不出我们了。
此句中的who we are是宾语,又是一个句子,因此被叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是疑问词引导时,不能使用疑问语序,必须要用陈述句的语序。
eg:
Have you seen the film? → He asked me if /whether I had seen the film.
定语从句练习(高中)
1.Is this factory _________ you visited last Sunday?
A. the one B. which C. that D. where
2. Is this the factory ______ you visited last week
A. where B. which C. to which D. in which
3.They ask about the things and teachers ______ they still remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. that and who
4.I will always remember those days ______ I spent with him sailing on the sea.
A. on that B. on which C. when D. which
5.His English, ______ used to be very poor, is now excellent.
A. that B. which C. it D. whom
6.George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
7.__________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
8.The man ______ she married last year was a soldier.
A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. whose
9.The man ______ she was married was a soldier.
A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. who
10.The house ______ window faces south is for the doctor.
A. which B. that C. whose D. of which
11. The house ______ faces south is for the doctor.
A. which B. whose C. who D. where
12.Because of my poor memory,all ______you told me has been forgotten.
A.that B.which C.what D.as
13.Do you know the girl _____________?
A.whom he often talk to B.he often talks to
C.to who he often talks D.so that he often talks to
14.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
15. The reason __________ I can't come is that I have to work late.
A. because B. for C. as D. why
16.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
17.Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.
A. when B. that C. who D. where
19.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that
20. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes
C. all their homes D. all of their homes
1----5ABBDB6----10DBABC11----15AABDD16----20BAAAB