初中英语知识点考点

一、常使用动词不定式的短语

1、It’s time to do sth.\ It’s time for sth 该做某事的时候了.

2、can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事

3、ask /tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)做某事

4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

5、be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事

6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要做某事

7、have sth/nothing to do with 与...有关/与„无关

8、find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事„

9、prefer to do sth./ rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事

10、It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说„

11、It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事

12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些时间

二、常用动名词的短语

1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜欢做某事

2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth. 继续做某事

3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事

4、practise doing sth. 练习作某事

5、give up doing sth. 放弃作某事

6、be good at= do well in=be strong in doing sth. 擅长做某事

7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事

8、what about/ how about doing sth.„. 怎么样(好吗)?

9、Thank you for doing sth. 为„感谢某人

10、mind doing sth. 介意做某事

11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、被用来做某事

12、spend „(in) doing sth. 花时间做某事

13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于做某事

14、finish doing sth. 做完某事

15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事 16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢„胜过„

Prefer详细用法如下1.prefer A to B (AB皆为名词) e.g:I prefer the blue ball to the black ball. 我跟喜欢蓝色球而不喜欢黑色球. 2.prefer doing A to doing B=would rather do A than do B =like doing A better than doing B e.g:I prefer walking to running 我更喜欢走路而不喜欢跑步. 3.prefer to do A(没有比较，只做一件事的就用这个）=would rather do A e.g:I prefer to sing. 我更喜欢唱歌. 4.拓展内容 prefer to do A rather than do B 5.注意事项： prefer 有时态变化，过去式为preferred，三单直接加s. would rather...than...无时态变化

17、be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事

18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人作某事

19. give one's life to doing sth 为做某事献出生命

三、省略动词不定式的短语

1、一看二听三使役

see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth. 看见/听见/感觉/注意某人做某事

make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事

2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth. 帮助某人做某事

3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事

4、 Why don’t you/ not do sth. 为什么不做某事？

5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth. 请你(不)做某事好吗?

四、 同义词比较

1、

stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking.

stop doing sth.停止正在做的事 After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.

2、

forget / remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要去作某事 Please remember to bring my book to school.

forget / remember doing sth. 忘记\记得曾经做过某事 I remember doing my homework

3、

used to do sth. 过去常常作某事

be used to do sth. 被用来作某事

be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事

My father used to smoke.

Wood is used to make paper.

I am used to getting up early.

4、

So +be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 „也一样

So +主语+be/助动词/ 情态动词 是呀,表示赞同别人的观点

Neither + be /助动词/ 情态动词+主语 „也不一样（用于否定句） He has been to Beijing. So have I.

It’s a fine day. So it is.

She doesn’t like eggs. Neither do I.

5、

too„to do sth. 太„而不能„

so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此„以致„

such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(从句) 如此„以致„

(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够 The boy is too young to go to school.

The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.

He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.

The boy is not old enough to go to school.

五、常考知识点

1、keep +adj. 保持„状态

keep (sb.) doing sth. 继续做某事/使某人老是做某事

Everyone should keep our classroom clean.

It’s too late, but he still keeps working.

Lily always keeps us waiting for her.

2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成为

make + sb. + adj. 使某人„

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事

We made Peter our monitor.

Books make us happy.

He often makes me laugh.

The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.

3、I don’t think that 我认为„不

I don’t think you are right.

4、It’s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般过去时„ 自从„以来有多久了

It has been two years since we met last time.

6What do you mean by?=What does .. mean?=what is the meaning of...?是什么意思?

What do you mean by “computer”?=What does “computer” mean?=what is the meaning of "computer"?

7、 What do you think of„/How do you like „?你认为„怎么样? What do you think of this film /How do you like this film?

8、 What is/was/will „be like? ..怎么样?

What is the weather like?

What will the life in the future be like?

9、 It’s said/ reported that„ 据说/据报道

It's well known that 众所周知

It's thought that 大家认为

It’s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.

10、one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数„ 其中之一

Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.

11、neither„nor„ 既不„也不（两者都不）

either„or„要么„要么/或者„或者/不是„就是

not only„but also„ 不但„而且

以上三个词做主语时,要用就近原则

Neither you nor he has been to the USA.

Either he or you go to the park.

Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.

neither of 两者都不

either of 两者选一

none of 没有一个

以上三个做主语时，谓语动词用单数

All of 全部

Both of 两者都

以上二个做主语时，谓语动词用复数

12、比较级+ than +any other +名词单数 比其余任何一个„

比较级+ than + the other+名词复数

Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.

13、When（当„的时候）, if （如果）, as soon as（一„就）, until（直到„才）, unless（除非/如果„不）

这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时,主句要用一般将来时.，从句一般现在时

I will call you when he comes.

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.

As soon as I get to Beijing, I’ll come to see you.

He won’t go to bed until his parents come back.

Unless you work hard, you won’t catch up with others.

初三英语总复习资料

介词

I. 要点

1、介词和种类

(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。

(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。

2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系

(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。

(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at

(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.

3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：

He came right after dinner.

He lives directly opposite the school.

4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例

(1) at, on, in(表时间)

表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。

指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。

指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。

(2) between, among(表位置)

between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如

I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.

The village lies between three hills.

among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students.

(3) beside, besides

beside意为"在„旁边"，而besides意为"除„之外"。如：

He sat beside me.

What do you want besides this?

(4)in the tree, on the tree

in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上

(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way

on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道

by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法

(6)in the corner, at the corner

in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外

(7)in the morning, on the morning

in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨

(8)by bus, on the bus

by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车

II. 例题

例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?

A except B but C beside D besides

解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了„"，C-beside意为"在„旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了„之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？

例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.

A on B at C in D during

解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。

例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.

A to B in C at D on

解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。 连词

I. 要点

1、 连词的种类

(1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both„and, either„or, neither„nor等。

(2) 从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。

除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。

2、 常用连词举例

(1)and 和，并且

They drank and sang all night.

(2) both„and 和， 既„也„

Both my parents and I went there.

(3) but 但是，而

I'm sad, but he is happy.

(4) either„or 或„或„， 要么„要么„

Either you're wrong, or I am.

(5) for因为

I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

(6) however 然而，可是

Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

(7) neither„nor 既不„也不

Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

(8) not only„but(also) 不但„而且„

He not only sings well, but also dances well.

(9) or 或者，否则

Hurry up, or you'll be late.

Are you a worker or a doctor?

(10) so 因此，所以

It's getting late, so I must go.

(11) although 虽然

Although it was late, they went on working.

(12) as soon as 一 „就

I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

(13) because 因为

He didn't go to school, because he was ill.

(14)unless 除非，如果不

I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.

(15)until 直到„

He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not„ until 结构) He stayed there until eleven.

(16)while 当„时候，而 (表示对比)

While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)

My pen is red while his is blue.

(17)for 因为

He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)

(18)since自从„

I have lived here since my uncle left.

(19)hardly„ when 一„ 就

I had hardly got to the station when the train left.

(20)as far as 就„ 来说

As far as I know, that country is very small.

You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

II. 例题

例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.

A as well B as well as C so well D so well as

解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。 和„一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B.

例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

A when B where C which D while

解析：该处意为"然而"，只有while有此意思，故选D。

例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise

解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。

动词时态、语态

I. 要点

1、 一般现在时

(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun.

2、 现在进行时

(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：

What are you doing now?

(2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：

He is always doing good deeds.

3、 现在完成时

主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?

4、一般将来时

表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：

I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

We're going to see a film next Monday.

5、一般过去时

表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：It happened many years ago.

6、过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：

What were you doing this time yesterday?

7、 过去完成时

表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：

The train had already left before we arrived.

8、一般过去将来时

表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：

He said he would come, but he didn't.

9、被动语态 被动语态的时态，以give为例。

时／式 一般 进行 完成

现在 am is given are am is being are has been given have 过去 was given were was being given were had been given 将来 shall be given will shall have been given will

过去将来 should be given would should have been given would

II.例题

例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.

A had died B died C dead D is dead

解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。

例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.

A is looked B has looked for

C is being looked for D has been looked

解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。 短语动词

I. 要点

英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：

(1) 动词＋介词

常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：

Don't laugh at others.

I didn't care about it.

(2) 动词＋副词

常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don't forget to hand it in.

(3) 动词＋副词＋介词

常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：

All his money added up to no more than $100.

After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

(4) 动词＋名词＋介词

常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

(5) 动词＋形容词

常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

(6) 动词＋名词

常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如： This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

(7)辨析

give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止)

put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭)

turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开)

keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近)

make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认)

take off(脱，起飞) 和 take out(拿出)

II. 例题

例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

A put away B kept up C given away D laid up

解析：该题正确uot;；give away意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.

A touch B relation C connection D friendship

解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。 例3 ____! There's a train coming.

A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on

解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。

动词不定式

I. 要点

1、 不定式的形式。以动词write为例。

式｜语态 主动语态 被动语态

一般式 to write to be written

完成式 to have written to have been written

进行式 to be writing

完成进行式 to have been writing

2、 不定式的句法功能

(1) 作主语

To hear from you is nice.

To be a good teacher is not easy.

不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It's nice to hear from you.

It's not easy to be a good teacher.

(2) 作宾语

通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：

I forgot to lock the door.

Please remember to write to me.

(3) 作表语

My job is to pick up letters.

He seemed to have heard nothing.

(4) 作定语

不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：

I have two letters to write.

I have a lot of work to do.

(5) 作宾补

通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如：

He ordered her to leave at once.

He was forced to obey his order.

(6) 作状语

He got up early to catch the first bus.

He worked hard to catch up with the other students.

(7) 作独立成分

To tell you the truth, I told a lie.

(8) "疑问词＋不定式"结构。 如：

I don't know how to choose them.

I cannot decide where to go.

(9)不定式的否定式。如：

I decided not to go.

(10)不定式的完成式。如：

He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.

The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.

(11)too„to 结构。如：

He was too excited to go to sleep.

He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去)

(12)主动表被动。如：

The book is easy to read.

I have a book to read.

II.例题

例1 I haven't got a chair ____.

A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting

解析：该题选C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语，修饰名词chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。

例2 He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go

解析：该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。

例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.

A to be built B built

C to build D to building

解析：该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。