流域治理 规划

The Yellow River, Please Stop Crying

——Lanzhou Yanerwan Sewage treatment plant Analysis

黄河，请停止哭泣

——兰州雁儿湾污水处理厂对黄河污水治理效益评估

The Yellow River, Please Stop Crying

——Lanzhou Yanerwan Sewage treatment plant Analysis

Background and Pollution

In China, water pollution problem is thought highly by government, but it still faces many complex problems that the Yellow River is a typical representative.

The Yellow River to the arid area city which named Lanzhou has special significance. Lanzhou was the only provincial capital city that the Yellow River crossed over. The Yellow River passes through the city from west to East about 45 kilometers long and about two million people daily drinking its water as the sole source. At the same time, Lanzhou is the largest industrial city and the important base of raw material industry upper reaches of the Yellow River, as one of the old industrial base that focus on construction after the founding of new China, through a few years’ construction and development especially since reforming and opening of, industrialized level rises quickly, the initial formation of the petroleum chemical industry, non-ferrous metallurgy, equipment manufacturing, energy and electric power, pharmaceutical, agricultural products processing, new technology as the main body that to be a relatively complete industrial system and become the throughout country's important petrochemical, non-ferrous metallurgy and the base of equipment manufacturing industry. It becomes one of the country's main heavy chemical industry, energy and raw material production bases. Nitric acid synthetic rubber, ferrosilicon, aluminum, lead, graphite, motor oil and crude worsted wool and other products are the leading domestic position of China. The city have more than 40 industries and more than two kinds of products variety, more than 5000 kinds of industrial products.

Because Lanzhou has a special geography

location and the fact that Lanzhou’s developing

of industry energetically. However, the

industries which are adjacent to Yellow River in

Lanzhou section bring water pollution and the

related environmental pollution causes

extensive damage. In 2006 as an example,

Lanzhou city has occurred 4 times large

pollution accidents. Firstly, 4 p.m. October 22nd,

Lanzhou South Road Sports Park near a sewage

discharge from the Yellow River red water,

caused downstream of 1 kilometers of the

Yellow River water turned red. Secondly, in

November 21st, Lanzhou the Yellow River bridge on the west side of the Yellow River again suffered a heating station discharge "the essence of roses" attacks, and lasted for

about 90 minutes. Thirdly, December 5th, large pan with a white foam red brown water, along a tributary of the Yellow River, down. Last was in December 22nd, the new western Lanzhou WeiniLun Company pulled a higher concentration of carbide slag slurry discharged into the Yellow River, approximately 30 kilometers of the river was" bleaching" into white milk. Not just in the Lanzhou area, the entire of the Yellow River almost are under increasing pollution problem. Chinese government statistics show that, over the past 20 years, the Yellow River sewage volume doubled, several important rivers become" sewage ditch", the mainstream once have 40% of river water loss function. According to" China Statistical Yearbook", Lanzhou 2010 industrial wastewater emissions of 29.47 million tons and 29.05 million tons of wastewater discharge of scalar.

Although the domestic sewage’s damage on the water is lighter compared with industrial pollution, but at the same time the domestic sewage in the Yellow River in Lanzhou do harm to the ecological environment. Lanzhou annual 29.5 million tons of industrial wastewater emissions account for only 14.3% of Lanzhou's wastewater emissions. However, Lanzhou pulls sewage discharge is surprisingly reached 151.475 million tons, accounting for the city's wastewater emissions 85.7%.

Planning, Development and Present Situation

To such serious pollution of water, the management appears particularly important. The pollution processing of The Yellow River is very difficult solve, and it can produce many joint environmental pollution problems, such as the sewage discharged into the water would not only pollute the water where the sewage pulled into but also pollute downstream water area, At the same time it brings disaster to aquatic organisms, and also to the riparian plants and animals devastating damage. Generally, the treatments after the water pollution are not completely effective to the pollution problems. At the same time, these methods are unable to repair the other several environmental problem that the pollution brought. For example, near the river the terrestrial plants and animals’ damage will not be able to timely and effectively to solve. Therefore, in addition to the sewage discharge prevention, the government must strength the power to clean the sewage that entering the river and to achieve the goal that timely, rapid, effective to solve

the pollution problem. Therefore,

the city planning of the

industrial layout problem with

sewage treatment field and the

development related with

construction layout of the

problem appears particularly

important. The sewage treatment

plant location select to meet the

Yellow River in Lanzhou area segment of the overall processing as fit as possible. At the same time we must solve the problems of watershed pollution as soon as possible. Therefore, the sewage treatment field location problem appears particularly important.

To follow the step Lanzhou city vigorously develop the construction of sewage treatment

plant, the effective prevention and treatment the pollution problem for the Yellow River in Lanzhou section .As a typical, Yanerwan sewage plant in Lanzhou is the substantial project. Lanzhou Yanerwan sewage treatment plant locate in the very east of Chengguan District of Lanzhou City where the place is in East downtown and rural junction. Not only near to the Xigu District of Lanzhou city but also located in Lanzhou city the most downstream region. Not only meet the timely, rapid processing of Lanzhou city sewage problems but also take care of the Lanzhou geographical environment factors that far from urban concentration area residents and is located in the most downstream—overall consideration for the location.

The Yanerwan sewage plant in the city of Lanzhou is the project that to improve zoology environment, to improve environmental quality and to improve the upper reaches of the Yellow River environment and ensure that the sustainable development of environmental.

The Yanerwan sewage treatment plant

is one of the largest sewage treatment plant

in China. It located in the urban area in the

eastern of the city. It in the south of the

Longhai railway line and next to the north

of the Yellow River. The factory covers an

area of 10.5 hectares, 280 people of workers,

32 people of management staff, including 20

engineering and technical engineers.

The Yanerwan sewage treatment plant designs scale daily processing capacity of 0.16 million tons per day, the first phase of the project of sewage treatment capacity of 0.1 million tons per day, the two phase of the project of sewage treatment capacity of 0.06 million tons per day. The Yanerwan sewage treatment plant project was completed in 1995 and in June of 1998put into operation. The main admission is to treat the city sewage source in Chengguan District of Lanzhou City, south of the Yellow River, the railway to the north, Zhongshan bridge to the East, the west region flood ditch party totally about 30000 tons waste water accounting for every day 30% of the total amount of sewage treatment that government organs, factories, military units, enterprises and institutions created. and the sewage 70000 tons accounting for 70% of the total daily sewage treatment. It can service area of 70 square kilometers and serve a population of approximately 800000 people.

The Yanerwan sewage treatment plant is a design that process complete two level sewage treatment plant of the city which including two large sewage sludge treatment system. The sewage treatment process use the traditional activated sludge method—blast aeration form. The treatment process uses anaerobic digestion and two middle temperature treatments. The two phase of the project completed in the May of 2003, and now it processing 160000 tons of sewage daily. The Yanerwan sewage treatment plant rebuild project started in March last year and completed basically this year in

June. In

June 29th it runs well according to the plan. After commissioned, the operation of the equipment goes well and water yield gradually increases and the effluent index increased gradually and hopefully to meet the design requirements soon. Now the entering water is about 100000 tons per day. Till October the index is expected to be stable and standard.

In September 22nd 2011, the Lanzhou Yanerwan sewage plant in trial runs normal. It is reported that, after the sewage treatment plant put into operation, the total service area are 45 square kilometers and the total processing scale are 260000 cubic meters per day. It is currently Lanzhou 's largest sewage treatment plant.

Economic and Environmental Benefits

Since 2003 the two phase of the Yanerwan Sewage Treatment Plant completed and it put into use after that. In Lanzhou, the pollution problem of the Yellow River recovered effectively and greatly reduced. The daily sewage treatment capacity increases year by year. The daily sewage treatment capacity has reached 260000 cubic meters per day and the annual COD removal capacity are 19586 tons, 188 tons of NH3-N, 10629 tons of SS, 1825 tons of the sewage treatment, 2190 tons of waste sediment treatment. The sewage after treatment in biochemical way reaching the two standard of Chinese GB8978-1996 town sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard, making the pollution in Yellow River of Lanzhou area reductions largely and also make the environment that adjacent Yellow River changes greatly.

黄河，请停止哭泣

——兰州雁儿湾污水处理厂对黄河污水治理效益评估

【摘要】

黄河对于古老的西部城市兰州来说是一个特别的存在。兰州是唯一黄河穿城而过的省会城市。黄河从西到东穿过城区４５公里，是２００多万市民日常饮用水的唯一来源。同时，兰州是黄河上游最大的工业城市和西部重要的原材料工业基地，作为新中国成立后重点布点建设的老工业基地之一。而在各种污染日益严重的今天，黄河流域的水体污染更是全国人民所担忧的问题。城市中的工业污染以及生活污水的排放对我们的母亲之河造成了巨大的伤害，自改革开放以来更是日益严重。所以，为了保护我们的生态环境，流域智力的问题，污染物的防治与处理越来越被人们所重视。至此，兰州政府投资在兰州市东头、黄河的旁边建起了一座大型新型污水处理厂——雁儿湾污水处理厂。雁儿湾污水处理厂是全国大型污水处理厂之一，位于市区最东端，南依陇海铁路线，北临黄河，厂区占地10.5公顷，现有职工280人，管理人员32人，其中工程技术人员20名。雁儿湾污水处理厂一期工程于1995年建成，1998年6月投产运行，之后保持着每天处理污水10万吨的成绩一直为兰州市服务。之后，在2003年雁儿湾二期工程竣工，日污水处理量为16万吨每日。今年，雁儿湾污水处理厂改建工程又与3月进行并与6月完工。2011年9月22日，雁儿湾污水处理厂试运行正常，预计至十月可达稳定状态。自兰州雁儿湾污水处理厂建立以来，黄河兰州段污染问题得到有效抑制，并且给周边生态环境带来很大的改善。

【案例来源】

《鑫报》2011年9月14日，A7版；

《甘肃日报》2011年9月23日，05版。

【Reference】

1. China Statistical Yearbook 2009 -- the main city wastewater discharge and treatment, 2010 edition, the people's Republic of China National Bureau of Statistics;

2. River Basin Comprehensive Planning Work Program of the Yellow River , 2007 June, the Yellow River Water Conservancy Committee;

3. Lanzhou Environmental Status Bulletin of 2010, June 2nd 2011, Lanzhou Environmental Protection Bureau.