英语字母和音标教学
字母和音标教学资料
字 母
一.英语中共有26个字母。其中的Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu等5个字母被称为元音字母。
这五个元音字母是构成英语成千上万单词的核心,除了一些缩略词之外,其它任何一个英语单词,通常都应包含一个或多个元音字母。
26个字母中的其它21个字母被称为辅音字母。 1.元音字母(5个):Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu
2.辅音字母(21个)
二、字母书写的规格
1.斜度:每个字母都要稍向右斜约10°左右,斜度要一致。
2. 大写字母的书写规格是:上不顶天下立地。即笔画的上端稍离第一线,笔画的下端必须紧贴第三线,不许离线也不许出格。
3. 占中间格的小写字母有a, c, e, m, n, o, r, s, u, v, w, x, z 13个,它们笔画的上端必须紧贴第二线,下端必须紧贴第三线,不许离线也不许出格。
4. 占一格、二格的小写字母有b, d, h, k, l 共5个,它们笔画的上端必须顶第一线,下端必须顶第三线,不许离线也不许出格。
5. 小写字母i和t也占一格、二格。但t的上端在第一格中间,短横重合第二线;i的小圆点在第一格中间稍偏下处。
6. 占二格、三格的小写字母有g, q, y 3个,它们的笔画的顶端要紧贴第二线,下端要紧贴第四线,不可离线也不可出格。
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk 音标 [d 2) 含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt V 音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [di:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3) 含元音音素[e] 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4) 含元音音素[ju:] 字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`dΛblju:]
5) 含元音音素[
ɑ 字母: Ii 音标: [
ɑ Yy 音标: [w
ɑ
四、英语发音规则
元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母的读音
a
在开音节中读 如:name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [æ] 如:bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 [
ɑ bike drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 [ı] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 [әu] those close go home no 在闭音节中 [D] clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j, l ,r ,s后面时读[u:]音, 例如:June blue ruler super
五、字母的书写笔画。
1.一笔完成的大写字母有: 一笔完成的小写字母有:
2.二笔完成的大写字母有:
二笔完成的小写字母有:
3.三笔完成的大写字母有:
附字母笔顺图:
音 标
学英语真好玩,一百符号要记全: 字母共计52,大写小写各一半; 音标共计48,元音20,辅音28; 学英语,很容易,读写听说和翻译; 多模仿,多记忆,早读晚听别忘记。
辅音音标表(28个)
12个单元音:
短元音[əe] [e] [i] [כ] [۸] [u] [ə] 长元音 [i:] [כ:] [a:] [u:] [ə:] 8个双元音:[ei] [ai] [əu] [au] [כi] [iə] [eə] [uə] 5个元音的字母音 a [ei] e [i:] i [ai] o [əu] u [u:] 5个元音的短元音:
a [əe] bag cat hat map e [e] pen bed ten hen I [i] big pig
sit hillo [כ] box hot dog frog u [u] but mum bus mug
元音发音规则表:
单元音(12个)
1.单元音/i:/ see me be she need read meal eat seat deep keep
开音节中的e/i:/ me be she ee /i:/ see sleep deep feet need ea /i:/ read eat meal seat
2.单元音 /i/ in it is fit pin bit kiss sick miss fish rich lid 闭音节中的i /i/ if, his, film(闭音节指以辅音结尾的音节) 闭音节中的y /i/ sympathy, syllable, system, gym 位于词尾的y /i/ city, pity, willingly, possibility
3.单元音 /e/ get let bed pen best rest wet never better best
闭音节中的e /e/ bed, peg, set, tell ea /e/ dead, heaven, feather
4.单元音/əe/ hat cat rat cap map fat man thank stamp fact
闭音节中的 a / əe / bad, lad, rat, cab
5.单元音 /a:/ heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn pass
ar /a:/ arm, ark, lard, dark, car, card, hard, harm
6.单元音 / כ / lot got job shop soft song top hot box pot lock
闭音节中的o / כ / hot, got, not, lost, on, soft
7./ כ:/ tall fall wall Paul Maud walk call yawn thought or / כ:/ or, sport, bored, horse, more, before a(+ll或lk) / כ:/ all, fall, talk, walk aw / כ:/ law, paw, draw, flaw, claw
8.单元音 /u/ cook book look put good full foot would u /u/ put, full, pull, push, sugar, cushion oo /u/ good, took, wood, wool, stood, bedroom ou /u/ could, would, should
9.单元音 /u:/ too soon rule boot fool school soup cool lose new
oo /u:/ fool, booth, room, food ou /u:/ soup, you, group o /u:/ do, to, who
10./ ۸/ cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cut stuck 闭音节中的u /۸/ but, hunt, sun, duck, luck 闭音节中的o /۸/ son, once, colour, other, money ou /۸/ rough, enough, touch, cousin, young
11.单元音 /ə:/ shirt hunt burn girl bird nurse work worm curse
er /ə:/ herd, verb, mercy ir /ə:/ thirty, shirt, third, fir
ur /ə:/ turn, church, burn, nurse, curse or /ə:/ word, work, world, worse ear /ə:/ heard, earth, search
12.单元音 /ə/ ago about asleep above again among mother brother
许多元音在非重读章节中读成/ə/,所以/ə/的拼写形式多种多样。如:
about, sofa, doctor, colour, figure
双元音
1.双元音 /ei/ May pay way day same hay great gain pain spade
a /ei/ save, face, pale ay /ei/ day, pay, may ai /ei/ wait, fail, strait ea /ei/ break, great
2.双元音 /əu/ no go so hole hope road home slow load foe soul
o /əu/ go, hello, no, open, over, joking, October oa /əu/ coat, soap, boat, road, coast
ow /əu/ snow, throw, blow, show, know, window
3.双元音 /ai/ bye lie try eye cry die my five time mine like 开音节中的i /ai/ time, crime, rite, fine igh /ai/ high, might, night, light, bright y /ai/ cry, my, sky, fly, July, reply ie /ai/ eye, dye, bye
4.双元音 /au/ how now cow out mouse down house brown found
ou /au/ about, around, found, sound, mouse ow /au/ down, crowd, town, brown, now, how
5. 双元音 /כi/ boy joy toy voice noise join coin oil soil toil oi /כi/ oil, boil, join, coin, spoilt, voice, choice, noise oy /כi/ toy, boy, enjoy, destroy, annoy, loyal, employer 6.双元音 /iə/ ear here fear hear dear pier tear near really idea
ear /iə/ ear, dear, hear, clear, beard ea /iə/ idea, real, theatre ere /iə/ here, mere, severe eer /iə/ beer, queer, engineer
7.双元音 /eə/ care wear hair there fair careful various are /eə/ care, share, fare, hare,careless air /eə/ air, fair, chair,repair
8.双元音 /uə
ur /uə/ cure, pure, fury
二、辅音
爆破音: [ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ]
[ p ] 代表单词:pay pipe put pie peach sport speed spend
[ b ] 代表单词:bird bed bag big buy bake bill bear book
[ t ] 代表单词:tea teacher team tare tank taught tip it meet cat
thought fate tent boat student stand stick
[ d ] 代表单词:do did does deer date dig doom need bed climbed
[ k ] 发音组合:c k ck
代表单词:cake car can cat come
kite sky keep
pick back
[ g ] 代表单词:geese go gap get big bag beg
摩擦音: [ f ] [ v ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ s ] [ z ] [ h ] [ r ]
[ f ] 发音组合:f ph
代表单词:five first life fine fat fail fair fall farm
telephone phonetics photo
[ v ] 代表单词:vote vine vat vail very vase leave five
[ ] 发音组合:th 代表单词:think teeth thick theme thank thought
both tooth truth fifth mouth cloth faith breath
[ ] 发音组合:th 代表单词:this that these those then than though
[ ] 发音组合:sh s ss ch
代表单词:ship fish sheet sheep dish sure ensure assure machine
[ ] 代表单词:pleasure usual leisure measure
[ s ] 发音组合:s c 代表单词:seem set seek say see books dense mouse cups face ice race price
[ z ] 发音组合:z s 代表单词:zoo prize zeal raise knees eyes
[ h ] 发音组合:h wh 【注意】wh 在元音字母o前才发此音。
代表单词:hot home house horse hate high whole who whose whom
[ r ] 发音组合:r wr
代表单词:race red rice rain right road free fry pray wrong write
摩擦音小结:
英语中有十个摩擦音即: [ f ] [ v ] [θ] [ð] [ʃ] [3][ s ] [ z ] [ h ][ r ]
发摩擦音时必须注意:
1) 口腔通道不完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙, 气流从中泄出时摩擦或震动成音。
2) 摩擦音可以延长而发音器官位置不变。
破擦音: [ tʃ ] [ dʒ ] [tr][dr][ts][dz]
[ tʃ ] 发音组合:ch 代表单词:cheap child chest choke check
catch watch
[ dʒ ] 发音组合:j g dg
代表单词:jeep joke jew juice gin change jodge judge
[tr] 发音组合:tr 代表单词:tree treat trip train tram
[dr] 发音组合: dr 代表单词: dream drag draw drink children
[ts] 发音组合:ts 代表单词:sits seats mates peasants parents
[dz] 发音组合:ds 代表单词:needs seeds spends
鼻辅音: [ m ] [ n ] [ ŋ ]
[ m ] 代表单词:some come dime mother map moon
[ n ] 代表单词:noon nose note not no nothing moon soon son gun thin run dine gain
[ŋ] 发音组合:ng n 代表单词:sing song singer king thing ink sink thank tank
舌边音: [ l ] 注意: [ l ]有两个发音,即清晰音[ l ]和含糊音[ l ]
代表单词:清晰音[ l ] let lad late laid leap lap
代表单词:含糊音[ l ] deal tell belt sale table
半元音: [ w ] [ j ]
[ w ] 发音要诀:发音部位和元音[u:]相似,即舌后部向软颚抬起,抬得很
高,双唇收的很圆很小,并向前突出,成尖圆形。
这是一个半元音,因为发[w]时气流不受发音器官的阻碍,像元音一样,只是气
流通过唇角时有一些磨擦。
半元音没有长度,只能向元音过渡且都是浊音。辅音字母w和wh组合读此音,气
息流过, 声带震动。
注意:一经发出,立即向后面的元音滑动。
发音组合:w wh
代表单词:wait west way wet will wide wheel what why when where while
[ j ] 代表单词:year yes yet yard young you
单词按音节来划分,分为单音节词,双音节词和多音节词.单音节词中,常常分为重读开音节和重读闭音节.
单音节词:a 重读开音节(1.结尾的三个字母,是一个元音字母+一个辅音字母+一个不发音的e构成.2.直接以元音字母结尾) b 重读闭音节
例:drink hi hat hand pick rule by gate back bad ice pop bit joke jazz ride he size