组胚&组织学与胚胎学切片作业
组织学与胚胎学 实验报告
专业________临床______________ 班级________ ________________ 姓名____________ _______________
学号 _________________ 电子信箱 __ ______ 完成日期________________
实验一 假复层纤毛柱状上皮
报告主题:假复层纤毛柱状上皮 主题属性:指定 标本号:27# 材料:豚鼠气管切片 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:掌握假复层纤毛柱状上皮的侧面形态结构。
图1 假复层纤毛柱状上皮 (豚鼠气管切片,HE 染色,40×10)
Figure1 Pseudostratified epithelium (Guinea pig tracheal section,HE staned,40×10)
假复层纤毛柱状上皮由一层棱柱状细胞构成,垂直切面观,细胞呈柱状,核椭圆,靠近细胞基底部。上皮细胞的游离面有排列整齐的浅红色丝状物,即纤毛。在柱状细胞之间常夹有杯状细胞。基膜染淡红色,清晰可见。
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is composed by a layer of prismatic cells of
vertical section view, the cells are columnar; nuclear is ellipse, closed to the cell base department. The epithelial cells of the free surface have aligned pale red filament.
there are goblet cells between columnar cells . Basement membrane is dyed into damask, visible clearly.
实验二 骨单位
报告主题:骨单位 主题属性:指定 标本号:6# 材料:脱钙人骨切片 染色:Schmorl 氏法染色 教学要求:掌握骨组织的结构
图2 骨单位 (脱钙人骨切片,Schmorl 氏法染色,40×10)
Figure 2 Osteon (Decalcified bone section,Schmorl stained,40×10)
标本中有许多骨单位,其中央为圆形的中央管,多层骨板围绕中央管呈同心圆排列。在骨单位之间有一些不规则排列的间骨板。
There are many specimens bone unit, its centre is a round central tube, multilayer osteone around the central tube is concentric arrangement. There are irrigullar arr engment interstitial lamella in the osteon.
实验三 心肌
报告主题:心肌 主题属性:指定 标本号:12# 材料:人心肌切片 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:观察人心肌的结构特点,掌握其判断依据。
图3 心肌纤维 (人心肌切片 HE染色 40×10)
Figure 3 Cardiac muscle (The section of cardiac muscle, HE stained, 40×10)
心肌纤维走向无一定规则,互相平行排列,但有分叉,彼此吻合成网,有横纹但不明显,细胞核单个,卵圆形,位于中央。心肌纤维端端连接处常可见深染的带状结构,是为闰盘,是心肌纤维的特有结构。
The arrengment of myocardial fibers is irregular.Myocardial fibers are parallel
arrangement, but have bifurcates,connected with each other into network.There are not obvious horizontal stripes. a single nucleus, ovoid, located in the central. There is a visible hyperchromatic banded structure at the connection of end to end , which is intercalated disc ,a special structure of the myocardial fibers.
实验四 多级神经元
报告主题:多级神经元 主题属性:指定 标本号:9# 材料:小牛脊髓切片 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:观察脊髓前角多极神经元的结构特点,掌握其判断依据。
图 4 多极神经元(小牛脊髓切片,HE 染色,40×10)
Figure 4 Multipolar neuron (Dallas spinal nerve,HE stained,40×10)
多极神经元呈多角形、三角形或梭形等,突起从胞体出发,胞核大、圆、亮,核仁清楚。胞体和突起中可见到许多紫蓝色的不规则的小斑块,即尼氏体,轴突与轴丘内无尼氏体。
Multipolar neuron is polygon, triangular or spindle. Flashes is set out from the cell body, Cell nuclear is big, round, bright, and nucleoli is clear. Cell and bumps can ben seen many purple blue patches, small and irregulararrengment, named Nissl body.Axon and shaft in the hill don’t have Nissl body.
报告主题:空肠绒毛 主题属性:指定 标本号:19# 材料:猫空肠横切片 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:掌握空肠的结构特点与判断依据,特别注意肠绒毛和肠腺的结构。
图5 空肠 (猫空肠横切片,HE 染色,40×10)
Figure 5 Jejunum (The cat jejunum crosscut slice,HEstained,40×10)
上皮和固有层共同向肠腔突出形成小肠绒毛,切成许多纵断面与横断面,绒毛的表面为单层柱状上皮,主要有柱状细胞及少量的杯状细胞,上皮游离面有染色较红的纹状缘,绒毛的中轴的固有层为细密结缔组织,其内常见散在纵行的平滑肌、丰富的毛细血管、中央乳糜管及大量淋巴细胞。绒毛根部的上皮向固有层内下陷形成小肠腺。
报告主题:中等动脉 主题属性:指定 标本号:10# 材料:狗中等动脉 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:掌握中等动脉的特点。
图6 中等动脉 (狗中等动脉切片,HE 染色,40×10)
Figure 6 Medium-sized artery (The dog medium artery section,HE stained, 40×10)
中等动脉分内、中、外三层膜,分别以内、外弹性膜为界。内膜很薄,最内层为内皮,一般只见内皮细胞核扁,染色深,并突向管腔;内皮下层为极薄的结缔组织,因制片关系使内皮细胞核紧贴于内弹性膜,内皮下层很难看到。内弹性膜的外侧为中膜,主要由数十层环行的平滑肌细胞构成。外膜为疏松结缔组织。
Medium artery is divided into three layers, with the border of elastic membrane. tu nica intima is very thin, and the inner layer is endothelial, endothelial nuclei is fl at, dyed into deep, and processes to lumen
; subendothelial layer is thin connective tissue ;there is tunica media In the outsid e of the elastic membrane.
实验七 淋巴结
报告主题:淋巴结 主题属性:指定 标本号:13# 材料:狗淋巴结切片 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:掌握淋巴结的结构特点及判断依据
髓质(medulla )
图7 淋巴结皮质(狗淋巴结切片,HE 染色,10×10)
Figure 7 Lymphoid cortex (The dog lymph node section,HE stained ,40×10)
淋巴结皮质分浅层皮质,深皮质和皮质淋巴窦。浅层皮质主要含有淋巴小结及薄层弥散淋巴组织,淋巴小结主要为B 细胞分布。深皮质又称副皮质区,为较大片的弥散淋巴组织,主要由T 细胞聚集而成。皮质淋巴窦位于被膜和小梁周围,分别被称被膜下窦和小梁周窦。
Lymph node cortex is divided into superfacial cortex , deep cortex and cortical sin us . superfacial cortex l mainly contain lymphoid nodule and thin diffuse lymphoid ti ssue , lymph nodule is mainly for the B cell distribution. Deep cortex is also name d vice cortex, is a large diffuse lymphoid tissue , mainly composed of T cell aggreg ates and become. Cortical lymphatic sinus, in the envelope and trabecular around, were named by subcapsular sinus andperitrabecular sinus .
实验八 下颌下腺
报告主题:下颌下腺 主题属性:指定 标本号:24#
材料:人下颌下腺切片 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:掌握下颌下腺的三种腺泡和导管的结构。
图8-1 下颌下腺 (人下颌下腺切片 HE染色 40×10)
Figure 8-1 Submandibular gland(submandibular gland section, HE stained, 40×10) 少量结缔组织把腺实质分隔成许多小叶。下颌下腺为混合性腺,有浆液性腺泡(主)、粘液性腺泡和混合性腺泡。在小叶内,可见红色的分泌管,其管径粗,管腔大,由单层高柱状上皮组成,细胞核大、圆或椭圆形,靠近游离面,胞质嗜酸性,在细胞的基底部可见基底纹。
the gland essence is divided into many lobule by A small amount of connective tis sue. The submandibular gland is mixed gland, a serous acinus (mainly ), mucus ac inus and mixed acinus. Bewteen the lobule , red secretory duct can be seen , the pipe diameter is thick, composed by single tall columnar epithelium, the nuclei are larg e, round or oval, near the free surface, cytoplasmic eosinophilic cells, in the base ment of visible basal striation
黏液性腺泡(mucous acinus )
图8-2 下颌下腺 (人下颌下腺切片 HE染色 40×10)
Figure 8-2 Submandibular gland(submandibular gland section, HE stained, 40×10)
实验九 肾
报告主题:肾 主题属性:指定 标本号:29# 材料:兔肾切片 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:掌握肾的结构特点,特别是肾单位各部分的结构特点。
肾小管(renal tubule)
图9-1 肾(兔肾切片,HE 染色,40×10)
Figure 9-1 Kindney (Rabbit renal section,HE stained,40×
10)
图9-2 肾髓质(兔肾切片,HE 染色,10×10)
Figure 9-2 medulla nephrica (Rabbit renal section,HE stained,10×
10)
肾皮质位于被膜下方,着深红色,内有许多管道断面和分散于其中的球形结构,即肾小体。多数肾小体可见有一侧与周围组织相连,为血管极,其相对的一极与近曲小管相通,为尿极,极少切到。
Renal cortex is located in the envelope below, deep red, there are many pipeline s ection and dispersed in the spherical structure, named renal corpuscle. Most of the renal corpuscle can be seen with a side connected with surrounding tissue, which is blood vessels, its opposite
pole is connrcted with proximal convoluted tubule,which is urinary pole
实验十 生精小管
报告主题:生精小管 主题属性:指定 标本号:41# 材料:人睾丸与附睾 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:了解睾丸与附睾的一般结构;掌握生精小管的结构和间质细胞的位置及结构特点;了解精子发生的过程。
图10
生精小管为高度弯曲的复层上皮性管道,管壁由生精上皮构成。生精上皮由支持细胞和生精细胞组成。生精细胞分各级生精细胞,有精原细胞:附着在基膜上;胞体较小,圆形或椭圆形;核圆形或卵圆形,染色较深。初级精母细胞:位于精原细胞近腔侧,有2~3层,细胞体积大而圆,核亦大而圆,多处于分裂状态,其染色质密集呈绒球状。次级精母细胞:位置靠近腔面,体积较小,基本结构与初级精母细胞相似,因其存在时间短,标本不易找到。精子细胞:位于近管面,体积更小,胞质小,核圆形,染色质细密。在精子形成过程中,早期的精子细胞的核染色较浅,晚期的染色较深。精子:位于腔面,头部呈扁圆形,染色深,尾部淡红色,常被切断,精子头多插入支持细胞胞质内。支持细胞:间插在各级生精细胞之间,呈长锥体形,底部附着在基膜上,顶端伸达腔面,其最大的特点是:有一较大的三角形或梭形的细胞核,核一侧常有凹陷,染色浅,核仁清楚。
实验十一 中空性器官
报告主题:胃 主题属性:自选 标本号:18#
材料:狗食管和胃纵切片 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:掌握胃的基本结构,掌握其判断依据。
图11-1胃(狗食管和胃纵切片,HE 染色,
10×10)
Figure 11 stomach (The dog esophageal and gastric longitudinal section section,HE stained, 10×10)
黏膜分上皮,固有层和黏膜肌层,可见粘膜表面形成胃小凹。上皮胃单层柱状,无杯细胞。固有层可见许多胃底腺,开口于胃小凹底部。胃底腺中可见壁细胞和主细胞 壁细胞:圆或者卵圆形,体积较大有时有双核,胞质呈嗜酸性。 主细胞:柱状,体积较小,核上部染色较浅,有时呈空泡状。
Mucosal points epithelium, lamina propria and mucosa muscularis mucosa, visible surface of gastric pit. Epithelium stomach single column, no cup cell. Lamina propria visible many fundic gland, open in gastri c pit bottom. Fundic gland visible wall cells and main cell wall cells: round or ovoid, large size sometim es have dual-core, eosinophilic cytoplasm a. Master cells: column, the volume is small, nuclear top dyei ng is shallow, sometimes is empty bubble.
图11-2胃(狗食管和胃纵切片,HE 染色,40×10)
Figure 11 stomach (The dog esophageal and gastric longitudinal section section,HE stained, 40×10)
图11-3胃(狗食管和胃纵切片,HE 染色,
40×10)
Figure 11 stomach (The dog esophageal and gastric longitudinal section section,HE stained, 40×10)
试验十二 基本组织1
报告主题:单核细胞 主题属性:自选 标本号:7# 材料:人血涂片 染色:Wright 染色
教学要求:掌握外周血中各类血细胞和血小板的形态结构。
图12单核细胞(人血涂片,Wright 染色,100×10)
Figure 12 monocyte (Blood of Human smear,Wright staned ,100×10) 单核细胞(monocyte ):数量较少,占白细胞的3%~8%,是体积最大的白细胞,胞核多呈马蹄形,染色质疏松呈网状,胞质丰富,呈灰蓝色。
Monocyte: a small number of white blood cells, which accounts for 3% ~ 8%, is t he largest of the white blood cells, chromatin is loose and reticular; cytoplasm is rich , dus
ty blue
实验十三 基本组织
2
报告主题:复层扁平上皮 主题属性:自选 标本号:18#
材料:狗食管和胃的纵切面切片 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:掌握复层扁平上皮的特点
图13复层扁平上皮(狗食管和胃的纵切面切片,HE 染色,40×10)
Figure 12 stratified squamous epithelium(dog esophageal and gastric longitudinal section section
, HE stained,40×10)
复层扁平上皮由多层细胞组成,基底面凹凸不平(上皮下结缔组织突入形成结缔组织乳头) 细胞分分界不太明显,但各层细胞的核可以清晰的看到,其中基底层的细胞核是椭圆形,胞质染色深;中间数层核为圆形,着色浅而亮;表层的细胞核扁而长,其长轴与细胞表面平行。
Stratified squamous epithelium is composed of multilayer cells, and basal surface i s uneven (epithelium Inrush into the connective tissue and form c onnective tissue nipple) the boundary is not obvious, but each layer of cell nuclear can be seen clearly .The base layer of the nucleus is oval,
And cytoplasmic staining is deep; the nuclears of intermediate layers are circular ,light and bright; The nucleus of the surface is flat and long. Its long axis and cell is parallel with the surface.
实验十四 实质性器官1
报告主题:肝 主题属性:自选 标本号:26# 材料:猪肝切片 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:掌握肝的结构特点及其判断依据。
图14肝(猪肝切片,HE 染色,40×10)
Figure 12 Liver (The pig liver section,HE stained,40×10)
肝小叶是肝的基本结构单位,肝小叶周边有少量结缔组织围绕,使相邻小叶彼此分隔。每一肝小叶中央穿行着一条静脉,称中央静脉。以中央静脉为中心,肝板和肝血窦向周围呈放射状排列。肝板为肝细胞单层排列成板状的结构。肝血窦为肝板之间的间隙。相邻的肝板相互吻合连接,肝板的断面呈索状,又称为肝索。
Hepatic lobule is the fundamental unit of the liver, some connect tissue is around the liver lobules,making the neighbor lobules divided with each other. Each lobule ’s centre was through a vein ,named central vein. With the centre of central vein, hepatic plate and hepatic sinusoid are arrenge as radial pattern,
实验十五 实质性器官2
报告主题:胰 主题属性:自选 标本号:25# 材料:豚鼠胰切片 染色:HE 染色
教学要求:掌握脾的结构特点及其判断依据。
图15-1 胰岛(豚鼠胰切片,HE 染色,10×10)
pancreas islet(Guinea pig pancreatic section,HE stained ,10×10)
图15-2胰(豚鼠胰切片,HE 染色,40×10)
Pancreas (Guinea pig pancreatic section,HE stained ,40×10)
图15-3胰的小叶间导管(豚鼠胰切片,HE 染色,40×10)
interlobular duct of Pancreas(Guinea pig pancreatic section,HE stained ,40×10)
分小叶,小叶内大部分染色较深的是浆液性腺泡(外分泌部),腺泡之间可见一些染色较浅,大小不等的细胞团,即胰岛(内分泌部)。在高倍镜下,可见外分泌部的浆液性腺泡为圆形或者椭圆形,腺腔小,腺泡的境界难以区分,腺泡由单层椎体形细胞构成,分界不清。
腺泡中心或者一侧可见1~2个扁圆形染色前的细胞核,为泡心细胞。泡心细胞包至少,染色淡,境界不清。它实际是眼神到腺泡腔内的闰管上皮细胞。
胰闰管较长,由单层扁平或单层立方上皮构成。管腔较大,分布于腺泡之间。
闰管汇集形成小叶内导管,其管腔较大,由单层立方上皮围成。小叶间结缔组织可见小叶间导管,单层柱状上皮围成。
Divided into lobule, there are majority of serous the lobule,( Exocrine portion ), s ome Islet-like cell clusters are between acinus ,( pancreas islet) under cell can be seen in the acinus antrum. 。