2014八年级第二单元笔记

新版八年级英语上册第二单元笔记

一、词汇复习

1. 副词: hardly, ever, once, twice, maybe, however, together, almost.

2. 连词: although, than.

3. 名词: housework, health, result, mind, body, magazine, percent, writer, dentist

4. 既作名词又可动词: mind, swing, point.

5. 形容词: full, such.

6. 介词: through.

7. 副词/形容词/代词: less, least.

二、短语

help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次

hardly ever几乎从不 once a week每周一次 twice a week一周两次

go to the movies去看电影 use the internet用互联网

be free有空 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课

swing dance 摇摆舞 play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚

at least 至少 less than少于 more than=over多于

play sports进行体育活动 be good for对.. 有好处 go camping去露营

go to the dentist 去看牙医 not …at all一点也不 the most popular最受欢迎的

in one’s free time在某人空闲的时候 such as 比如；诸如 be smart about sth 明智地对待某事

healthy habits 健康的习惯

三、重点句子

1. How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？

2. Three to six times a week 每周三到六次

3. How long do you sleep every night? 你每天睡几个小时？

4.I sleep more than 5 hours every night 多于5小时

5. How often do you eat fruit and vegetables? 你多久吃一次水果和蔬菜？

6.What is your favorite program？你最喜欢的节目是什么？

7.Some students are very active，they exercise every day一些学生非常的活泼，每天都运动.

8.As for homework，most students do it every day关于作业，大多数学生每天都做.

四、我们将复习频率副词always ，usually ，often ，sometimes, seldom和never 这些词一般用在一般

现在时，表反复，经常性的动作和习惯，但它们所表示的动作频率不同。

1. always

【讲解】是频度最高的词，意为“总是、一直”，其反义词是never 。

【举例】The sun always comes up in the east and gets down in the west. 太阳一直东升西落。

2. usually

【讲解】意为“通常”，表示通常如此，很少例外，频度仅次于always .

【举例】What do you usually do on Sundays? 你星期天通常干什么？

3. often

【讲解】意为“经常、常常”，不如usually 那么频繁，表示动作重复，中间有间断，反义词为seldom 。

【举例】They often go for a walk after supper. 晚饭后他们经常去散步。

4. sometimes

【讲解】意为“有时、不时”，表示动作偶尔发生，中间常有间断。

【举例】Sometimes they play football on Saturday afternoon.. 他们有时在星期六下午踢足球。

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5. seldom

【讲解】意为“很少；不常”，频度较低。

【举例】We seldom go to school bus. We usually go there by bike.

我们很少乘车去上学，我们通常是骑车去。

6. never

【讲解】意为“从来不、未曾”，频度为零。

【举例】 We can say Mr. John Brown or Mr. Brown, but we can never say Mr. John.

我们可以说Mr. John Brown或Mr. Brown，但从来不能说Mr. John。

【注意】一般情况下，这五个词都位于行为动词之前，be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后。

五、词汇辨析

1. sometimes sometime some time some times 的区别

①sometimes 是个频度副词，意为“有时候”，多用于一般现在时，对它进行提问常用how often。

【举例】Sometimes I watch TV with my parents．有时我和父母一起看电视。

—How often do you write to your father？你多久给你父亲写一次信？

—Sometimes ．有时。

②sometime 也是一个副词，意为“在某一时候（过去或将来）”，表示的是任何时候或某一不确定的

时间，对它提问用when 。

【举例】New students will come to school sometime next week．

下周某个时候新同学就要到校上学了。

—When can you finish the work？你何时能完成这项工作。

—Sometime next month．下个月某个时候。

③some times是名词短语，意为“几次（倍）”，对它提问用how many times。

【举例】 —How many times do you watch TV every week？你每周看几次电视？

—Some times．好几次。

④some time也是名词短语，意为“一段时间”，对它提问用how long。

【举例】 She will stay in Beijing for some time．她将在北京呆一段时间。

—How long can I be away？我能离开多久？

—Some time．一段时间。

2. how about…? = what about…? …怎么样？how many + 可数名词复数how much 询问价格

how long 多长时间how far多远how soon多久how often询问频率

这三个搭配均可表示“多久”的意思，但它们意思有区别。现解释

【how long, how often, how soon 区别】

①how long【讲解】有以下两个主要意思

▲表示多长时间，主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等) 提问。如

【举例】—How long does it take to get to London from here? 从这里到伦敦要多长时间?

—At least ten hours. 至少要10个小时。

▲ 表示某东西有多长。如

【举例】—How long is the river? 这条河有多长？

—About 500 km. 大约500千米。

②how often

【讲解】how often 指每隔多久，主要用来对频度副词或状语(如：once a week, three times a month 等)

提问。

【举例】—How often do you visit your mother? 你多长时间看你妈妈一次?

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—Once a week. 一周一次。

③how soon

【讲解】指再过多久，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(如：in an hour, in two weeks 等) 提问。

【举例】—How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来?

—In an hour. 1 小时以后。

3. maybe ; may be

①maybe 【讲解】是副词，意思是“也许、可能”，相当于perhaps ，常位于句首。

【举例】—Maybe she’ll come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。

—Maybe you put the letter in your pockets. 大概你把信放在衣袋里了。

②may be【讲解】在may be中，may 是情态动词，be 是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与

主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是、可能是”。

【举例】—I can’t find my watch. It may be in your pocket.

我找不到我的手表了，它可能在你的口袋里。

—He may be a soldier. 他可能是军人。

③maybe 和may be可相互转换。

【举例】—He may be in the office. = Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。

—Y ou may be right. = Maybe you are right. 你或许是对的。

4. nobody, none

【讲解】① nobody, no one, nothing只能单独使用，后面不跟of 短语。

【举例】他们当中没有人会讲日语。

误：Nobody of them can speak Japanese.

正：Nobody can speak Japanese.

正: None of them can speak Japanese.

② nobody, no one, nothing 和none 常用作简略答语，一般情况下，nothing 回答what 问句； nobody 和no one回答who 问句；none 回答how many或how much问句。

【举例】—What’s in the box ? 盒子里有什么？ — Nothing. 什么也没有。

【举例】—Who is in the classroom? 谁在教室里？ —Nobody / No one. 没有人。

【举例】—How many people are there in the park? 公园里有多少人？ —None. 没有人。

六、重点词汇讲解

1. full

【讲解】形容词，意为“忙的；满的；充/装满的”。

【举例】—Tomorrow will be a very full day. 明天会是个很忙的一天.

—The classroom was full of activity; every child was busy.

教室里充满了活跃的气氛, 每个孩子都忙个不停.

2. mind【讲解】①名词。意为“头脑；心智”。

【举例】—Y ou have a good mind. 你有聪明的头脑。

②介意；注意

【举例】—Do you mind if I ask you one more thing? 您不介意我再问您一个问题吧？

— I don't mind the noise during the day. 我并不介意白天的噪音。

3.point

【讲解】名词，意为“得分；点”。

【举例】—His math exam is 20 points more than me. 他的数学分数比我多20分。

【辨析】point at ; point to

【讲解】point at习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着”，at 是介词，着重于指的对象。

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【举例】 —Don’t point at the words while you are reading. 读书时不要用手指着字。

—The teacher pointed at the blackboard and said，“You must look carefully.”

老师指着黑板说：“你必须看仔细。”

【讲解】point to多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to 也是介词，着重于指的方向。

【举例】—He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said ，“That’s my home.” 他指着河对岸的房子说：“那是我家。”

【练习巩固区】

( )1.Lucy is a good student. She _____ comes late for class.

A. usually B. hard ever C. sometimes D. never

( )2. —“_____ do you go shopping?” — “Once a week.”

A. What time B. How long C. How often D. How soon

( )3. _______ can she come back from work? In half an hour.

A. What time B. How long C. How often D. How soon

( the next afternoon.

A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times

( illiterate （文盲）at twenty years ago.

A. are B. was C. were D. is

( )6. It’s past the appointed time (过了约定的时间) ’t coming.

A. Maybe B. May be C. Can be D. Must be

( )7. Bill is in good ______, he’s pretty ______.

A. health, health B. healthy, healthy C. health, healthy D. healthy, health

( )8. _________ my father didn’t feel well, he worked hard.

A. Although B. Because C. So D. But

( )9. Who is in the classroom?

_______ . All of the students are having P.E on the playground.

A. None B. No one C. All D. Most of them

( )10. Mary has a very good _____, she always gets good grades in exams.

A. teacher B. mind C. dream D. body

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