新目标七年级下册英语第十单元单元精讲
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
Vocabulary 1.camp cn.露营地；露营，夏令营 1）在日落时，我们到达了露营地。 We got back to camp at sunset. 2）汤姆这个暑假要参加山区的夏令营。 Tom will go to summer camp in the mountains this summer vacation. （summer camp前常不加冠词） go camping 去野营 3）你知道我们要去哪里野营吗？ Do you know where we will go camping? 2.exam cn.考试；测试 1）你们什么时候参加期末考试？ When do you take your final exams? 2）下周我要去做一个眼部检查。 I will have an eye exam next week. have / take an exam 参加考试/检查 exam是examination的缩略形式。 exam--- test---quiz vt. 测试，检查 3）医生给他做了个仔细的检查。 The doctor examined him carefully.= The doctor gave him a careful examination. 4）警方检查房间试图找到指纹。 The police examined the room for fingerprints. examiner cn. 测试者；检查者 3.crowd cn. 一群人 a crowd of …一群… 1）一群人在大门口等候。 A crowd of people are waiting at the gate. crowds of …许许多多… 2）公园里有许多人。 There were / are crowds of people in the park. vt &vi. 挤，拥挤 3）学生们围在教授的旁边。 Students crowded around the professor. 4）在圣诞前夕，购物中心挤满了购物者。 Shoppers crowded the mall before Christmas. crowded adj. 拥挤的 a crowded room 5）国庆节那天，长城上挤满了观光客。 The Great Wall was crowded with tourists on National Day.
4.cry vi 哭 1）小女孩为何在哭？ Why is the little girl crying? 2）伤感电影总是让我哭泣。 Sad movies always make me cry. vi & vt 大喊大叫 3）你能听到有人在求救吗？ Can you hear someone crying for help? 4）孩子痛得大叫起来。 The child cried out in pain. 5.make vt. 制造，制作 1）她自己做衣服。 She makes her own clothes. 2）我为自己沏了一杯茶。 I made myself a cup of tea. 3）她给我们所有人煮了咖啡。 She made coffee for all of us. sth. be made of … …（成品）由…制成（未发生化学变化） 4）瓶子是玻璃制成的。 Bottles are made of glass. sth. be made from … …（成品）由…制成（已发生化学变化） 5）纸是木头制成的。 Paper is made from wood. make…into …把（材料）做出/制成（成品） 6）人们把玻璃制成瓶子。 People make glass into bottles. 7）木头可以被制成纸／桌子。 Wood can be made into paper / desks. 8）请在早餐前把床铺好。 Please make your / the bed before breakfast. 9）他已经拍了一些电影，但几乎没有好的。 He has made some films, but few good ones. 10）不要弄出噪音！学生们在考试。 Don‟t make any noise! The students are taking an exam. 11）他总是给他妈妈惹麻烦。 He is always making trouble for his mother. make sb +形容词 / do sth. 使某人…/做某事 12）那个令人激动的消息让我们很激动。 The exciting news made us very excited. 13）老师让他重新做作业。 The teacher made him do his homework again.
14）什么都不能让我改变主意。 Nothing can make me change my mind. make oneself +done 使某人被…（表被动） 15）大厅里有这么多人，老师无法让学生们听到她。 The teacher couldn‟t make herself heard with so many students in the hall. 16）你能用英语把你的意思表达清楚吗？ Can you make yourself understood in English? 17）我相信他会成功的。 I am sure （that） he will make it / succeed. 18）---我们何时出发？ ---咱们8点吧。（把某事定在…） ---When shall we start? ---Let‟s make it 8 o‟clock. 和make相关的词组还有： make / earn money 挣钱 make room for sb. 为某人让地方 make a living by doing sth. 靠做…谋生 make up one‟s mind to do sth. 下决心做某事 make mistakes 犯错误 make a study = study 研究 make a decision 做出决定 make use of sth. 利用 make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友 6.feel 系动词 （常接形容词） （有关情绪、身体状态等）“感到” 1）因为迟到，她感到很内疚。 She felt guilty for coming late. 2）我今天感觉好多了。 I„m feeling better today. （better是well的比较级） 3）那个假期让我们感觉很放松。 The vacation made us feel relaxed. 系动词 （触觉）“（物体）摸起来” 4）这张纸摸起来很柔软。 This piece of paper feels soft. 系动词 “认为，觉得” 5）他觉得他失去了一切。 He feels that he has lost everything. vt. （用手等）抚摸着探视，触摸 6）摸摸孩子的额头，看看是否发烧了。 Feel the baby‟s forehead to see if he has a fever. （内心）感觉 7）我觉得帮助他是我的责任。 I feel it my duty to help him.
8）你觉得那部新电影怎么样？ How do you feel about the new movie? = How do you like the new movie? = What do you think of the new movie? feel like + n. / doing 觉得想; 摸起来像… 9）我不想喝酒。 I don‟t feel like wine. 10）他现在不想吃东西。 He doesn‟t feel like eating anything. 11）这张纸摸起来像丝绸。 The paper feels like silk. feeling n. 感受，心情；感觉； 感情（常用复数） 12）把你的感受和同学们分享。 Share your feelings with the class. 13）他的腿部没有感觉。 He has no feeling in his legs. 14）我刚才那样说不是故意伤害你的感情的。 I didn‟t mean to hurt your feelings by saying that. 7.decide vt. 决定，决心 decide on sth. （经过比较后做出）决定 1）我们开始想去海南，最后我们决定去上海。 At first, we planned to go to Hainan, but finally we decided on Shanghai. 2）你们给孩子定了名字吗？ Have you decided on a name for the baby? decide （not） to do sth. 决定（不）做某事 3）她已经决定留在家里了。 She has decided to stay （at） home. 4）他决定不去巴黎度假去了。 He decided not to go to Paris on vacation. decide + 宾语从句 6）John 决定不再吸烟了。 John has decided （that） he will not smoke any more / longer. 7）我无法决定买哪本字典。 I can't decide which dictionary I should buy. =I can‟t decide which dictionary to buy. 8）她无法决定该做什么。 She can‟t decide what she should do. = She can‟t decide what to do. decision cn. 决定，决心 make a decision 作决定，下决心 9）他的决定是什么？ What is his decision?
10）我们会在周五之前做出决定。
We'll make a decision by Friday.
课本知识讲解
1.---Where did you go on vacation?
---I went to the mountains.
---你去哪儿度假了？ ---我去了山区。
（1）这是一个特殊疑问句。由“特殊疑问词＋助动词＋主语＋动词+其它？”构成。由于是询问已发生的动作（过去的事情），所以助动词用过去式did，其后的动词用原形。
1）---你昨天去了哪儿？---我去拜访了朋友。
---Where did you go yesterday?
---I visited my friends.
mountain 大山； hill 小山
与go to the mountains结构类似的词组还有：
go to the beach 去海边
go to summer camp 去夏令营
go to New York 去纽约市
go to the movies 去看电影
go on vacation 去度假
go on a trip 去旅行
go to town 去镇上
go to …on vacation 去…度假（表动作）
be in…on vacation 在度假（表状态）
2）他去年去巴黎度假了。
He went to Paris on vacation last year.
3）我现在正在新加坡度假。
I am on vacation in Singapore.＝
I am in Singapore on vacation.
2.---Did you go to Central Park?
---Yes, I did.
---你去中央公园了吗？---是的，去了。
※在过去时态中，无论主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数，助动词一律用 did。
Central Park 在New York City, USA 美国纽约中央公园，是美国乃至全世界最著名的城市公园，它是全美第一个并且是最大的公园。
注意：前面不加冠词，要大写第一个字母。
3.How was the weather there?
那里的天气怎么样？
How were the beaches there?
那里的海滩怎么样？
How + was / were +定冠词／人称代词＋单数／复数名词＋某地？
1）那里／上海的食物怎么样？
How was the food there / in Shanghai?
2）那里／北京的人们怎么样？
How were the people there / in Beijing?
4.Beijing的景点:
the Great Wall （万里）长城
the Palace Museum 故宫
the Summer Palace 颐和园
Tian‟an Men Square 天安门广场
Beijing Hutong 北京胡同
Bird‟s Nest 鸟巢
Water Cube 水立方
the National Center for the Performing Arts
国家大剧院
5.Nowhere, I stayed at home.
任何地方都没去，我呆在家里。
（1）nowhere: “任何地方都不”，此处是副词。
1）寒假期间,我什么地方都没去,就待在家里了。
During the winter vacation, I went nowhere, just stayed at home.
2）那本词典哪儿也找不到。
The dictionary is nowhere to be found.
（2）stay作不及物动词时,不能直接接宾语，其后接相应的介词短语，表地点（留在某地）或表状态（保持某种状态）。
stay at school 待在学校
stay awake 不睡（醒着）
stay in the army 留在部队中 stay at home 待在家中
我们住在了同一家旅馆。
We stayed in the same hotel.
（3）home与house, family的区别：
home指“家”这个概念，包括“住处”和有感情色彩的“家”。
house则指“房子”、“住宅”，侧重于建筑物。
family则指“家庭成员，家庭”。
1）我昨晚在家里看电视。
I watched TV at home last might.
2）他在15岁时就离开了家。
He left home at the age of 15.
3）这座房子真漂亮。
This house is very beautiful.
4）我家人不多但很幸福。
My family is a small but happy one.
5）现在是晚上8点，我的家人在看电视。
It‟s 8 P.M. My family are watching TV.
※当family作整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；看作一个个成员时，谓语动词用复数。
6.a travel dairy 一个旅行日记
keep a diary 记／写日记
1）她喜欢记日记吗？ Does she like to keep a diary? keep a notebook 记笔记＝take notes 2）我通过记笔记的方法学习语文。 I learn Chinese by keeping a notebook/ taking notes. 7.Great whether! 天气真好！（P63—3a） 相当于一个感叹句，感叹句句型有两种： （1）由What引导： What +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数（+sb./sth. is）! What +形容词+可数名词 复数（+sb./sth. are）! What +形容词+不可数名词（sth. is）! 例如： 1）多么可爱的孩子啊！ What a lovely child （he / she is）! 2）多么有趣的一部电影啊！ What an interesting movie （it is）! 3） 多么善良的人们啊！ What friendly people （they are）！ 4）多好的天气啊！ What great weather （it is）! 5）多好吃的食物啊！ What delicious food （it is）! （2）由How引导： How +形容词 + the +名词 + is / are! How + 副词 + the +名词 / 代词+ do / did sth! 6）多么可爱的孩子啊！ How lovely the child is! 7）多么有趣的一部电影啊！ How interesting the movie is! 8）多么善良的人们啊！ How friendly the people are! 9）他跑得好快啊！ How fast he is running! 10）她工作做得真细心！ How carefully she did the work! 8.We had great fun playing in the water. 在水里我们玩得很高兴。（P63—3a） have fun doing sth. 做某事很有乐趣 1）我们学英语很有乐趣。 We have fun learning English. 2）他们踢球很快乐。 They had great fun playing soccer. have a good / great / bad time doing sth. 玩得开心/ 不开心；度过一个好/不好的时光
3）你和朋友一起玩得愉快吗？
Did you have a good time playing with your friends?
4）我初学英语时度过了一段艰难的时光。
I had a hard / bad time learning English at first.
have trouble / difficulty doing sth.
做某事有麻烦/困难
5）我毫不费力地找到了他的家。
I had no trouble / difficulty finding his house.
9.写日记的格式：
在左上角写上日期，先星期（week）再日期（date），在右上角写上天气（weather）。 然后另起一行，就可以写下你想要写的事情或感想了。
注意写日记时，要使用正确的时态，如果你记叙的是已经发生的事情，一般都应用过去时态。如果写的是感想等，就可以用一般现在时。
10.I found a small boy crying in the corner. 我发现一个小孩在角落里哭。（P63—3a） find sb. +形容词 / doing sth.
发现某人如何 / 正在做某事
1）我发现她很伤心。
I found her very sad.
2）听了那个消息后，你发现她很惊讶了吗？
Did you find her surprised at the news?
3）我进去时发现他躺在地板上。
When I came in, I found him lying on the floor.
11.He was lost and I helped him find his father. 他走丢了，我帮他找了爸爸。
lose—lost—lost 丢失
1）昨天我把钥匙丢了。
I lost my keys yesterday.
2）她的孩子去年丢失了，她现在仍然很痛苦。
Her child was lost last year and she is still very sad.
3）警方正在寻找那个丢失的孩子。
The police are looking for the lost child.
12.I didn‟t have any money for a taxi.
我没有钱打车。= I had no money for a taxi.
no = not a + 可数名词单数；
no = not any + 可数名词复数；
no = not any + 不可数名词；例如：
1）他没有朋友。
He has no friend.=He doesn‟t have a friend.
2）我没有钢笔。
I have no pens.=I don‟t have any pens.
也可以：
I have no pen. = I don‟t have a pen.
3）杯子里没水了。
There‟s no water in the cup.
=There isn‟t any water in the cup.