四级__现在完成时考点分析_教师版

1．考点分析。 ①现在完成时除可以和for 、since 引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。

②下列句型中常用现在完成时

It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句

This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时

This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时

This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时

③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.

3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 解析：答案为D 。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and we’re ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete 是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete 与主语之间的关系；②结合语境选择正确时态。

4、在用already, ever, never, yet, just, recently, now, in the past 3 years, since last month, ever since, so far, up to now, this year, for a long time 等作状语时，常用现在完成时。

More patients ____ in hospital this year than last year.

A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated

题干中含有时间状语this year ，同时又与去年比较，所以应该用一般现在或现在完成时；又因patients 是treat 的行为对象，所以答案是D 。

5、被 the first time, several times, again and again 等表示次数或重复的状语修饰，所说的又是现在的事情时，用现在完成时（尽管动作行为发生或开始于过去某一时间）

— The window is dirty. — I know. It ____ for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

分析：句子中有表时间长度的状语for weeks ，又是谈的现在的事，所以答案是D 。同时由于主语it （指the window ）是动作的对象，所以应该用被动语态。

— Do you know our town at all? — No, this is the first time I ____ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

分析：B 是正确答案，现在完成时强调次数。

5．It’s [will be] the first time that…(．第一次…)。如：It’s the first time I’ve come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。 Don’t forget, it’ll be the first time I’ve spoken in public. 别忘了，这是我第一次在公共场合发言。

6、与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也发生在过去。但有两点与一般过去时不同，首先是其行为发生时间的不具体性（一般过去时往往与明确的过去时间状语连用），其次是现在完成时强调与现在情况的关系（一般过去时与现在没联系）

The price ____, but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down 分析：该题正确答案是C 。干扰项主要是 A 。物价的涨跌历来为老百姓所关注，怎么能用―与现在情况没联系‖的一般过去时呢？该题的语境限制作用非常突出。

7、与一般现在时的区别：一般现在时表示的是经常性、习惯性行为；现在完成时表述的是发生在过去但对现在仍有影响的一件具体事情。

The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ____ increased enormously ever since. ：

A. is B. was C. has been D. had been

分析：句子中有时间状语ever since ，所以答案应该是C 。这里的干扰项是A 和B 。一般现在时表经常性的行为或状态，不能与ever since 等段时间状语连用。

— ____ the sports meet might be put off. — Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told

分析：答案为A 。排除语态因素，干扰性最大的是C ，但这是一件具体的一次性行为，故C 错。

8、先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时，定语从句常用现在完成时 The is the most moving story that I’ve heard about.

9． 现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for 或since 等短语连用。

The window is dirty. — I know. It ________ for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。关键词for weeks ，考虑现在完成时，表示到目前为止的结果，好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是被动关系，故被动语态。句意；―窗户很脏了。‖―我知道。好几周没有擦了。‖ 注：由终止性或短暂时间动作动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see 等构成的完成时不能与for 或since 引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for 或since 短语连用。如：I haven’t met him for two years.

10．考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。

—Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone.

A. did you put; have put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put

11. up to [until] now(到现在为止) 。如：Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。

12. in [for, during] the past [last] … years(在过去…年中) 。如：In the past two years I’ve seen him little. 过去两年我很少见到他。I have been here (for) the last [past] month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。【注】在一定的上下文里，若是以过去时间为起点，也可用过去完成时。

2．命题特点

1. 根据特定语境和时态标志考查现在完成时的影响性用法

(1)— ______ you ______ him around the museum yet? — Yes. We had a great time there.

A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show

【解析】A 。根据问句中的yet 可知，所谈论的事情发生在最近的过去，且问话者很关心这个过去发生的事情对现在的影响和结果，所以用现在完成时。注意：不要受答语中过去式谓语had 的影响而误选C 。

(2)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ______ yet.

A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided

【解析】A 。根据句意，此处应用被动语态，不用主动语态；再根据句末的yet 可知，最好用现在完成时。故选A 最佳。

2. 根据特定语境考查现在完成时的持续性用法

(1)Danny ______ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.

A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked 【解析】C 。表示从过去一直持续到现在的一段时间，用现在完成时。

(2)Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year.)

A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying【解析】D 。根据句中的现在进行时可排除B ，再根据句中的for a year可知此题选现在完成进行时最佳，即选D 。

注：有时高考还会考查现在完成进行时的用法。如：(3)—I have got a headache. —No wonder. You ______ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked

【解析】C 。由于在电脑前工作太久，所以导致了现在头痛的结果，故应填现在完成时或现在完成进行时，即答案选C 。 3. 巩固练习

1—I have got a beadache. —No wonder. You________in front of that computer too long.

A.work B.are workingC.have been workingD.worked 答案:C。本题考查动词现在完成进行时时态的用法。强调动作从过去一直持续到现在，并且还在持续进行。因为该句的语境表示说话者―在计算机前一直工作，时间太长，所以头疼了‖。 2 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ________ English for a year. A. studiesB. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 点拨：答案选D 。―Cathy is taking notes of……‖主句是现在进行时表示Cathy 正在学校学习，强调该学习动作从过去一直持续到现在，并且还在持续进行一年。因此选用现在完成进行时。

3 I___________there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.

A.would be B.have been C.had been D.will be

点拨：答案C 。本题考查动词现在完成时的用法。因为该句的语境强调：―我开始和这科学家来那儿工作不足一周时间‖。 4 I got caught in the rain and my suit____A. has ruinedB. had ruined C. has been ruinedD. had been ruined

C 。根据语境I got caught in the rain，说明我（从过去）遇到了雨，我的衣服已经被雨淋湿。因此，选用现在完成时的被动语态是正确的。

5 When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________ .

A ．have marked B. have been marked C ．had marked D．had been marked 点拨:答案选B 。what 和mark 之间有动宾关系，句意是：拿回试纸时，注意所给的分数。分数是已给在试纸上的，因此选用现在完成时的被动语态。

6 The coffee is wonderful!It doesn’t taste like anything I___before. A ．was having B．have C．have ever had D．had ever had 答案为C 。本题考查动词现在完成时态的用法。因为该句表示时间的副词before 常常用在现在完成时态的句子中。

7. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy___B_____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.

A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider

8. The construction of the two new railway lines________D__by now.

A. has completed B. have completed C. have been completed D. has been completed

9. Customers are asked to make sure that they ____B______the right change before leaving the shop.

A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given

10. John and I_____D___ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we_________ each

other a couple of times before that. A. had been;have seen B. have been;have seen C. had been;had seen

D. have been;had seen 检测和自我评估题；动词的时态与语态(平均每年三个题目)

1.---You've left the light on. ---Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off. A.I'll go B.I've gone C.I go D.I'm going

2.---How are you today ? ---Oh, I _____ as ill as I do now for a very long time.)

A.didn't feel B.wasn't feeling C.don't feel D.haven't felt

3.The repoter said that the UFO_____ east to west when he saw it.

A.was travelling B.travelled C.had been travelling D.was to travel

4.As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends. A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed

5.Selecting a mobil phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_____ so rapidly.

A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change

6.I______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven't had time to play since the new year

A.will play B.have played C.played D.play

7.Visitors_______ not to touch the exhibits A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requested

8.---You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it ? ---I'm sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it's pretty on you. A.wasn't saying B. don't say C.won't say D. didn't say

9. I wonder why Jenny _____ us resently. We should have heard from her by now. A.hasn't written B.doesn't write C.won't write D.hadn't written

10. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness____.

A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown

11. Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days.

A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed

12. News reports say peace talks between the two countries ____ with no agreement reached.

A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up

13. Let' s keep to the point or we _______ any decisions.

A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached

14. My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I ______ half of it. （

A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed

15. Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can’t have time to ______ before the party.(NMET 2004 28)

A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change

16. –What would you do if it _____ tomorrow? --We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.

A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining

17. The hero’s story _____ differently in the newspapers. A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported

18. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before.（）

A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had

解析：

1.A 最佳 分析:该题命题意图是考查考生在特定的语境中使用正确的时态和情态手段的能力。第一个会话者向对方指出灯还亮着，答语so I have 说明第二个会话者承认这一事实。我们根据空白后并列的谓语turn it off 的语境可以判断出，最佳答案为A 。从现在开始将要发生的动作应用一般将来时I'll go同时涉及到时间关系和说话人的态度（情态）：

（1）表示将要去做某事。（2）表示愿意去做某事。本题较易，得分率为71%，区分度很好，为0.424。

2.D 最佳 分析:该题考查动词时态的实际运用。第一个会话者向对方询问健康状况，

由第二个会话者说的for along time这一时间状语可以确定，答语的主句为现在完成时的―未完成‖用法，它指开始于过去持续到现在的动作或情况。比较状语从句中的谓语动词do 是动词性替代，代替前边的feel ill，是拿现在以前的病情和现在相比。该句的意思是―我好长时间都没有感到病得象现在这样厉害了‖，答案选D 。例如：I haven't studied as hard as do now for three years．三年来我学习从来没有象现在这样努力。英美人在实际生活中使用某种时态有时是表达某种态度或感情，又如:I have never read such an exciting novel.我从未看过这样令人激动的小说。 You are always smoking.你总是在抽烟。本题得分率为48%，区分度为0.312。

3.A 最佳 分析:该题考查动词时态。四个选项均为不同的动词时态形式，由宾语从句中的时间状语when he saw it判断，表示过去某个时刻或时候正在进行的动作应用过去进行时，故答案选A 。例如：When Prof. White came into the classroom ，the students were doing their homework．本题得分率为66%，区分度为0.392。

4.A 最佳 考查过去分词作表语的用法和习惯搭配。该句是一个含有as 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合旬，强调从句动作与主句动作相并发生。主句中get 和过去分词连用构成被动语态，强调动作。四个选项都能和got 连用构成系表结构，但只有separated 能和from 相搭配，got separated from意思是―和……分离开‖，故答案选A 。又如：We get separated from our classmates for the moment，but we'll get together again．我们和同学们暂时分开了，但我们还会聚在一起的。

5.A 最佳 分析:该题考查动词时态。题干为一个含有原因状语从句的主从复合句，主句陈述的情况是一客观事实，原因状语从句强调一直正在进行的动作，故答案为A 。又如：Don't turn off the light because I am reading a report now.别关灯，我正在读一篇报导。

6.D 最佳 分析:该题考查动词时态。but 后的并列分句用现在完成时的否定式表示到现在为止未完成的动作，由此可推断出前一个并列分句表示的是经常性或习惯性的动作，须用一般现在时，故答案为D 。又如：He swims very well in the river but he hasn't swum recendy。他在河里游得很好，但是他近来却没有游过泳。

7.D 最佳 分析:该题考查时态和语态。题干所表示的是经常性的动作须用一般现在时，主语是谓语动作的承受者须用被动语态，所以答案选D 。空白后的not to touch the exhibits是不定式的否定式在句中作主语补足语。如：All the students are requested to take the physical training course for two years in the university.在大学里要求所有的学生上二年体育课。

8.D 最佳 分析:由于在上句中既使用了现在完成时，又使用了一般现在时，使一些考生产生了误解。现在完成时表示过去发生的事对现在造成的影响，过去没有对新大衣进行评价，造成的影响是对方不知道究竟对新大衣是什么看法，所以―没有说‖要用一般过去时。sooner 表示―快，早‖，不表示将来，所以不能用won't say。

9.A:时间状语recently 常与现在完成式连用。We should have heard from her by now.是―目前我们本应该收到她的信了‖。

10.C 根据all morning和时间状语从句中的谓语动词，可判断出应用一般过去时。一般过去时可用于表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。时间状语all morning说明动作的反复性，时间状语从句的谓语动词为一般过去时，说明发生在过去。

11.B 最佳 分析:stay既可作行为动词，也可作系动词。根据形容词fresh 可判断出stay 在这个句子作系动词。will 后接动词原形构成一般将来时。

12.A:bread down破裂。据新闻报道两国之间的和平谈判破裂了。break out爆发；break in闯入；break up分裂。

13.A 最佳 分析:本句的含义为―让我们抓住重点，否则将做不出任何决定。‖本句属于祈使句+or(and)引导一般将来时这一结构。再如: Get up early tomorrow and you will see him.

14. D 最佳 分析: 根据语境不难看出空格处用一般过去时态表过去的客观事实，和前半句构成逻辑上的因果关系。译文：我的注意力没有放在他的讲话上，恐怕漏过了一半内容。

15. A 最佳 分析: 检查考生动词的语态的掌握和运用能力。此句为 ―get‖型被动，get changed 的含义为―换衣服‖。同样的情况还有：get dressed, get killed, get burned等。

16.B 最佳 分析:检查考生对状语从句中时态的掌握和运用能力。在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来，it 是第三人称单数，动词后加s 。

17.A 最佳 :检查考生对被动语态和时态的掌握和运用能力。这句话的意思是：这个英雄的故事在报纸上报道的不同。

18.C 最佳 分析:检查考生对时态的掌握和运用能力。 根据这句话的意思以及后面的副词before 可知是对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时。