今天的句子来自今年经济学人第一期的文章
今天的句子来自今年经济学人第一期的文章,文章讨论到专家和当地牧民就黄石公园的两种动物争论不休,看似纯经济纯科学的研究报告也好,法庭争论也罢,实际潜藏的乃是正反两方各自复杂的道德立场和利益考量。贾斯汀•法瑞尔的《黄石的战争》指出了美国政治的积弊,与其为了把自己的真理塞进别人的喉咙费尽气力,不如多些体谅,求同存异。
Yellowstone’s hidden moral disputes offer wider lessons to America, a country that is increasingly divided and unusually keen on tackling complex ethical questions in judicial and quasi-judicial settings.
词汇突破:1. moral disputes 道德争论
2.Be keen on 执着于…
3.Tackle 处理,解决
4.Judicial 司法
5.quasi-judicial 准司法
(quasi-official body 半官方团体)
更多例句:Federal administrative bodies issue rules and regulations of a quasi-legislative character.
联邦行政机构发布规章制度是一个准立法行为.
6.setting 环境 in research settings 在研究环境中
主干识别:Yellowstone’s hidden moral disputes offer
wider lessons to America.
“A offers wider lessons to B”
黄石公园中隐藏的道德之争给美国提供了更加宽泛的教训。
其他成分: ,a country that is increasingly divided and unusually keen on tackling complex ethical questions in judicial and quasi-judicial settings. 同位语
这个是在我们的长难句课上讲过的非常典型的同位语形式。
“句子,n+定语从句”
微观分析: ,a country /that is increasingly divided/ and unusually keen on tackling complex ethical questions in judicial and quasi-judicial settings.
1) America is a country.
2) America is increasingly divided.
3) America is unusually keen on tackling complex ethical questions in judicial and quasi-judicial settings.
刚开始读句子的时候切得细一些是有好处的,无论是对于句子的准确理解 和翻译都是有帮助的。
在翻译的时候1)肯定就不用翻了。
参考译文: 黄石公园中隐藏的道德之争给美国提供了更为宽泛的教训。美国变得 越来越分化,(或者译为:
分歧越来越多)而且美国也异常执著于在司 法或准司法环境下处理复杂的伦理问题。
(知识提示: 很多时候道德和伦理问题不能简单的用司法手段来解决的,比如说安乐死,死刑、堕胎、枪支管理或气候变暖,甚至雾霾的治理,这里面都涉及到很多方面。但是美国人很执着于法律是万能的,现在美国人也意识到这个问题了,才有了这个句子。) “环保”就一定是正面词汇吗?
“科学”就一定是正确的吗?
环境问题是一个宏大的话题。经济发展,技术进步和环境之间的争论一直都没有停止过。上个世纪90年代就有考研真题节选过一篇关于Science &Anti-Science 的文章; 科学家往往会把部分极端的环保主义者当做是反科学的。同时环保团体在美国的势力也非常大,有的时候他们在国会的游说力量之强大会让总统都忌惮。很多环保团体甚至借环保之名控制了很多社会资源的分配。所以“科学”,“环保”这样一些非常正面的词汇在美国社会的语境中都是很中性的一些词,并不意味着科学就一定对,环保就一定好。
同学们可以关注《寂静的春天》,大家会发现真理是在一次次的试错之后产生的。
我相信通过考研英语的准备我们会变得更加理性和全面的看问题。下面这个句子就是来自那篇文章。
The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
词汇突破:1.environmentalist 环保主义者
2.Inevitably 不可避免的
3.depletion of the ozone layer 臭氧层破坏(这属于是环保的标配词汇)
4.consequences of industrial growth 工业增长的后果
5.critics 批评
6.pioneer 先驱
7. question 质疑
8. argue 认为
(今天是两句话哦)
第一句比较简单就不解析了。
The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics.
环保主义者们不可避免地对这样的批评做出了回应。
第二句:主干识别: argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University,
= Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University argues
主谓充当的插入语:
The true enemies of science are those
其他成分:a pioneer of environmental studies, 同位语
who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. 定语从句
翻译点拨: 切分之后调整语序(按中文习惯)
1.Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University (is )a pioneer of environmental studies,
2.Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University argues
斯坦福大学的Paul Ehrlich是环境研究方面的先驱, (这样诡异的不知道读音的人名在考场上一般就直接抄英文)他认为,
或者翻译为:
环境研究方面的先驱之一,斯坦福大学的Paul Ehrlich认为,
3. The true enemies of science are those
科学真正的敌人是这样一些人。
4. who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
他们质疑支持全球变暖,臭氧层破坏和其他一些工业增长后果的证据。
或者:
科学真正的敌人是质疑支持全球变暖,臭氧层破坏和其他一些工业增长后果的证据的那些人。
参考译文:环境研究方面的先驱之一,斯坦福大学的Paul Ehrlich认为,科学真正的敌人是质疑支持全球变暖,臭氧层破坏和其他一些工业增长后果的证据的那些人。
那我就先给大家解析一下昨天的一个现象,在英语中,表述某人的观点时,可以把说话的人和动词作为插入语放到句子的中间或结尾。同时可以调换主语和动词的位置。
举例:
1.kevin said " I am not fat, and I am just strong."
"I am not fat " ,said kevin," and I am just strong."
3. Father shouted" come here and sit down!"
"come here," shouted father, "and sit down!”
"come here and sit down!” shouted father.
这样的例子有很多,以后再给大家补充更多的例句。
记得去看微信中的内容。
最近是lianghui ,所以请大家原谅了。很多词汇都通不过审核。
这里马上加了一句关于英国医改的句子!
来自于2014年11月的经济学人!
The Conservatives’ main move has been to back away from their own reforms, passed in 2012, which increased competition, gave health officials more autonomy and handed control over the purchase of care to groups of local doctors.
词汇突破:1.Conservatives 保守党
2.Move 举动,行动
3.Autonomy 自主权
4.Control (名词)控制权 Control over A 对于A 的控制权
5.purchase v.或者n. 购买
6. Hand A to B 将A 交给B
主干识别:The Conservatives’ main move has been to back away from their own reforms
其他成分:passed in 2012 定语
which increased competition, gave health officials more autonomy and handed control over the purchase of care
to groups of local doctors. 定语
微观分析:which=reform
Reform 发出了三个动作:
increased competition
gave health officials more autonomy
handed control over the purchase of care to groups of local doctors.
参考译文:保守党的主要举动是退出自己2012年通过的改革,这次改革增加了竞争,给卫生官员更多的自主权,并将购买医疗服务的控制权交给了本地的医生团体。
这是最新的一期经济学人上的一个段落。美国的经济是否复苏,不同的专家有不同的看法。这篇文章的核心观点就在这一段。一共四句话,都不长,但是是一个完整的意群。循序渐进哦。因为晚上做讲座回来的比较晚,就提前发了,大家记得签到就好。
America has some of the world’s most impressive manuf acturing facilities. But talk of “renaissance” is certainly overblown. Growth is being driven by a small number of industries, which are hiring few new workers. And even high-tech operations, at which America should excel, are struggling.
词汇突破:
1. facilities 设备,能力
2. impressive令人印象深刻的(一般表语的时候就是形容一个人和事优秀)
3. manufacturing 制造业
4. renaissance 复兴
5. overblown 被夸大的
6. industry 工业(产业)
7. excel at 擅长 (还有一个搭配是 excel in,是一个意思)
8. struggling 挣扎 (通常就是指境遇不好)
解析:
第一句:
America has some of the world’s most impressive manufacturing facilities.
美国拥有某些世界上最为优秀的制造设备。
第二句:
But talk of “renaissance” is certainly overblown.
但是“复兴”这种说法确实言过其实了。
第三句:
Growth is being driven by a small number of industries, which are hiring few new workers. 增长是由一小部分产业带来的,这些产业基本没有雇佣新的工人。
(注释:是否促进就业人口增加是产业复苏的标志之一)
第四句:
And even high-tech operations, at which America should excel, are struggling.
切分为两句:
1. at which America should excel
= America should excel at high-tech operations.
2. And even high-tech operations are struggling.
美国应该擅长高技术含量产业,但这些产业也还在苦苦挣扎。
这周经济学人的Britain 栏目中登了一篇英国语言教学的文章,由于很多欧洲国家都会把英语作为第二语言学习,所以英国人很少学其他的语言,会其他语言的英国人也越来越少。这给英国的社会带来了很多不好的影响。(没签到的继续签到!不是一种形式,而是一种仪式!你可以拒绝,但我会呼吁!)
The economy and the labourmarket bear the consequences.
Bear the consequences通常指的就是:遭受了负面的影响。
This lack of languageskills also lowers growth.
对于发展也不利。
In the linguistic gloom,there are a few bright spots.
在不好的情况当中也有一些好处。
Bright spots = upsides =silver linings =benefits = advantages
在来一个句子:
Getting children started at a young age is admirable.
让孩子早点开始(学语言)是值得赞赏的。
He made his points withadmirable clarity.
他阐述观点明确,值得赞赏。(特别注意这里将admirable 单独翻译,很棒的翻译技巧) 刚才是餐前小甜点,现在才是正餐。
THE establishment view is that the public rage aimed at two of Westminster’s long-serving and mostrespected MPs, Sir Malcolm Rifkind and Jack Straw, this week was unwarranted---a case of anti-politics feeling gone mad.
固有的观点认为,本周公众对议会中两位资深的,受人尊敬的议员:Sir Malcolm Rifkind andJack Straw所产生的愤怒是不合理的,这就是一个反政治情绪失控的典型案例。 词汇突破:
1.establishment view 固有的观点
2.public rage 公众的愤怒
3.Westminster 威斯敏斯特(伦敦市的一个行政区,英 国议会所在地)所以也代指议会,议会政治
4. long-serving 资深的
5. MP : member ofparliament 议员
6.unwarranted =unjustified 不合理的
主干识别:
THE establishment view isthat…
其他成分:
表语从句的主干:
the public rage wasunwarranted
这是整个句子理解的关键!(没有找出来的,好好复习主谓隔离!)
aimed at two of Westminster’s long -servingand most respected MPs, Sir Malcolm Rifkind and Jack Straw, this week
定语修饰rage;
a case of anti-politics feeling gone mad.
表语从句的同位语
参考译文:固有的观点认为,本周公众对议会中两位资深的,受人尊敬的议员:Sir Malcolm Rifkind andJack Straw所产生的愤怒是不合理的,这就是一个反政治情绪失控的典型案例。 (元宵节快乐!)
(没签到的继续签
From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.
【词汇突破】 1.democratic :民主的
2.populist :平民主义的
3.urge: 可以是动词也可以是名词;动词:促使
名词:渴求
4.smell of :有(或发出)... 气味
smells of elitism. 有精英主义气味的,(这样不符合中文说话的习惯,可以改为:带有精英主义色彩的。有同学说,老师我想不 到,不用纠结,想不到很正常,在翻译这个事情上,学会放过自己,考研翻译本来就不是重点,能成什么样子就是什么样子,能学 多少就学多少,重点是别理解出错就好。)
【主干识别:】our democratic and populisturges have driven us to reject anything+定语从句
【其他成分】says Hofstadter插入语;our democratic and populisturges have driven us to…可提炼出sth has driven sb to do… 这个句 型;that smells of elitism定语从句,修饰anything 。(注 意smell 的介词搭配)
【微观解析】若是觉得插入语干扰了正常的理解,可将这个句子变 为Hofstadter says ”From the beginning of ourhistory, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism。”这样的由直接引语构成的宾 语从句会降低句子的难度
【难点揭秘】灵活的利用插入语改变句式是这个句子给我们的启示。到!不是一种形式,而是一种仪式!你可以拒绝,但我会呼吁!)
But this time round a slump would be unlikely to lead to a broader contagion, since it would be confined to private markets and a few large firms with strong balance-sheets.
词汇突破:
1. this time round 这一次(时间状语)
2. slump 经济衰退
3. contagion 影响
4. be confined to 局限于
5. strong balance-sheets 优良的资产负债表(财务状况良好)
主干识别:aslump would be unlikely to lead to a broader contagion
其他成分:since 引导的原因状语从句since it would be confined to privatemarkets and a few
large firms with strong balance-sheets构成。It 指代slump ,
参考译文:但这一次,经济衰退可能不会有大范围的影响,因为它将只局限于私 人市场和拥有漂亮资产负债表的几个大公司
The service, planned for release in mid-2015, will offer a simple installation process in which web operators will apply to receive digital certificates that can be used to prevent the interception of information when it is passing between a web browser and an internet server.
词汇突破:
1. installation 安装
2. certificates 证书
3. interception 拦截,截取
4. web browser 网络浏览器
主干识别:The service will offer a simple installation process.
其他成分:planned for release in mid-2015 定语
in which web operators will apply to receive digital certificates/ that can be used to prevent the interception of information when it is passing between a web browser and an internet server. 定语从句修饰a simple installation process;
微观分析:定语从句中的that can be used to prevent the interception of information when it is passing between a web browser and an internet server.修饰digital certificates
when it is passing between a web browser and an internet状语从句
参考译文:这项服务计划在2015年年中发布;它的安装过程十分简单,在这个过程中,网页运营商可以申请接收数字证书,这些证书可以用来防止信息在网络浏览器和服务器之间传递时被截取。
Human history began when the inheritance of genetics and behavior which had until then provided the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by
conscious choice.
词汇突破:1.Inheritancen. 继承;遗传;遗产
2.Genetics n.遗传,遗传学
例句:Smoking, rather than genetics,was the cause of his early demise.
导致他英年早逝的原因是吸烟而非遗传
3.dominating 支配
4.broken through 打破
5. conscious 有意识的
6. until then 直到那时;(在句子有时也可以处理为:一直)
主干识别:Human history began
其他成分:when the inheritance of genetics and behavior which had until then provided the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by
conscious choice.
状语从句
微观分析: 状语从句主干:
theinheritance of genetics and behavior was first broken through by consciouschoice
定语从句:
Which (=the inheritance of genetics andbehavior ) had untilthen provided the only way of dominating the environment
翻译点拨: 刚才的分析就是我们在翻译的课堂上常讲的第一步:句子结构分析,保证句子
理解的正确性。
到了第二步我们就不能按英语的结构来翻译了,就应该按照中文的表达习惯来翻译了。具体的讲就是:每个过长部分都可以单独成句;然后按中文语序排列;
刚才的句子可以翻译为三个句子:
1. Human history began
人类历史开始了
2. when the inheritance of genetics and behaviorwas first broken through by conscious choice 当遗传和行为的继承第一次被有意识的选择打破的时候
3. Which (=the inheritance of genetics andbehavior ) had untilthen provided the only way of dominating the environment
遗传和行为的继承一直提供了唯一支配环境的方式
=遗传和行为的继承一直是支配环境的唯一方式。
大家会发现这个句子按照321的顺序会很通顺,因为符合中文时间顺序的表达习惯:
参考译文:遗传和行为的继承一直是支配环境的唯一方式,当这种继承第一次被有意识的选择打破时,人类的历史就开始了。
比较一下:当那种一直是支配环境的惟一发式的遗传和行为的继承第一次被有意识的选择打破时,人类历史便开始了。(这种翻法就弱爆了!)
这是本周写obamacare 的文章,奥巴马的医改方案可以说是其6年执政时期最重要也是最耗其精力的法案。对于美国政治和社会的印象也是非常深刻的。
The stakes are high. With subsidies removed, many people would find their insurance policies unaffordable. And the broader insurance market would be thrown into turmoil unless Congress acted swiftly to re-draft the law. Given the vast differences between the Republican-controlled Congress and the president, a deal to revise Obamacare would be nearly impossible to reach. 词汇突破:
1. stakes 风险;利益;筹码;重要性;
2. subsidies 补贴
3. insurance policies 保单
4. turmoil 混乱
5. re-draft 重新制定
6. Republican-controlled 共和党控制的
7. revise 修改
8. Given 因为
第一句:
The stakes are high.
风险很高。
第二句:
With subsidies removed, many people would find their insurance policies unaffordable.
句子解析:With subsidies removed, 独立主格结构
还原为句子:subsidies are removed.
many people would find their insurance policies unaffordable. 主干
如果取消了补贴,很多人会发现他们支付不起保单。
第三句:
And the broader insurance market would be thrown into turmoil /unless Congress acted swiftly to re-draft the law.
语序很顺,直接翻译,不做切分;
而且,更大的保险市场会陷入混乱之中,除非国会能及时的重新修订法律。
第四句:
Given the vast differences between the Republican-controlled Congress and the president, a deal to revise Obamacare would be nearly impossible to reach.
主干:a deal would be nearly impossible to reach.
因为在共和党控制的国会和总统之间存在着极大的分歧,所以重新修订奥巴马医改方案的协议几乎不可能达成。
(补充:所以在这件事情又得到最高法院哪里去判决了。那九个大法官的态度又很重要了。