高中英语名词性从句二
高三英语语法复习专题---------名词性从句
编写:沙建芹 审稿:陈碧
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到,并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面
1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别
3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别
5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别
6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题
一、语法要点剖析(请参考《名师指津》P142)
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
(一) 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It + be + 名词 + that从句 (2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that „
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that„
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that„
(二) 宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。
例如:I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词 引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
例如:I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外, whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not” 时;e. 后接动词不定式时。
例如:Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用
不同时态。
例如: I know (that) he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)
I know (that) he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)
I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)
I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过
去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。 例如:The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否 定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
例如:We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
(三) 表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,
表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。
例如:The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
例如:The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning
(四)同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的
名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
例如:The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
(五)同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
二、名词性从句用法讲解
(一)判断正误:
1、你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗? 2、他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。
Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ) 归纳一:名词性从句的语序: 陈述语序
(二)用that 或what 填空
1.______ he wants is a book. 2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.
3. The result is ______ we won the game. 4. This is _____ we want to know.
5. Is _____ he told us true ? 6. We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.
7. I have no doubt _____ he will come. 8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
9._____ has made China_____ it is now.
归纳二:
1、that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词性从句。
2.、what除起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当成分,可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。
3.、that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。
(三)that不能省略的情况
that引导名词性从句时在从句中做相应的成分并有具体的意思。 don’t have enough money 4. I don’t think 7. Tom didn’t know, I’m sure, harder than the others do.
归纳三: that在如下情况下不可省略:
1、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中; 2、It 做形式宾语的宾语从句中;
3、并列宾语从句中,从第二个宾语从句开始的that; 4、当that宾语从句中状语部分位于从句前部时;
5、当that 前有插入语时; 6、当that作介词宾语时
(四)、whether与if的辨用
用if / whether 填空
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2.______ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
6. The question is _________ he should do it.
7.The doctor can hardly answer the question ______ the old man will recover soon.
8. I don’t know _______ to go.
9._____ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without you.
归纳四:whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下,whether 不能被 if 所取代:
1、whether 引导主语从句 Whether it is true remains a problem.
2、引导表语从句用whether,不用if,如: The question is whether you should accept it.
3、引导同位语从句用whether,不用if,如The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is important.
4、whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语,而if 则不能, I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not.
5、whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用,而if 则不能, I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
6、whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if,I don’t know whether it is right or not.
7、用if会引起歧义时,Please let me know if you like it. 该句有两个意思:“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。
或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。
(五)其它连接代词和副词的连用
1. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。________ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.
2. 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I don’t know _________ broke the glass yesterday.
3. 我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _________ he looks like.
4. 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _________ I left my glasses.
归纳五:根据名词性从句中的具体意义, 正确选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词,这些连接词既具有疑问含义, 又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。
(六)用whatever或whoever填空
1. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished.
______ ______ breaks the law is to be punished.
2. They will do whatever he wants them to do.
They will do ______ ______he wants them to do.
归纳六:1、Whatever/whoever可引导主语,宾语,表语从句,并在从句中做主语,宾语,表语。这种用法中,whatever/whoever 不含疑问意义。 whatever=anything that whoever=anyone who
2、疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别: No matter+疑问词可换成疑问词+ever
①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
(七)同位语从句的引导和辨别
用that/ whether / where/ how填空
1. I have no idea _________ he comes from. 2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money.
3. He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.
4. I have no doubt ________ he will win.
5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.
归纳七: 1、同位语从句的格式:n.+ 连接词 + 从句
2、能接同位语从句的名词有:fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等
3、连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。 名词性从句练习题
第一部分:基础题
1. _______ makes 高考资源网his shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
2. —It’s thirty years since we last met. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
—But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _______ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. What
4. —Could you do me a favor? —It depends on _______ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
5. These shoes look very good. I wonder _______.
A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost
6. Doris' success lies in the fact _______ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
7. Mary wrote an article on _______ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that
8. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
9. —Why does she always ask you for help? —There is no one else _______, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
10. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______ it is rough or smooth.
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A. / B. whether C. how D. what
11. Danny left word with my secretary _______ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
12. Mum is coming. What present _______ for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
13. The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _______ it
was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
15. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
第二部分:强化题
1. We haven’t settled the question of _______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
2. A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A. if B. when C. that D. which
3. There is much chance _______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
4. Please remind me _______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _______ we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
6. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _______ he was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
7. _______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
8. I just wonder that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
9. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That C. This D. It
10. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class _______ he had to meet his uncle at the
airport.
A. why B. that C. where D. because
11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _______ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
12. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _______ it had been
in the morning.
A. that B. where C. what D. which
13. I’d like to work with _______ is honest and easy to get on with. (2006年山东模拟题)
A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who
14. When you are reading, make a note of _______ you think is of great importance.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
15. —Can we get everything ready by the weekend?
—It all depends on _______ we can get Mr. Green’s cooperation.
A. that B. what C. whether D. if
高三英语语法复习专题---------名词性从句
名词性从句用法讲解(参考答案)
(一)判断正误:WRRW
(二)用that 或what 填空:1 What 2.That 3.that 4.what 5. what 6.what 7. that 8 what
9.What, what
(四)、whether与if的辨用------用if / whether 填空
1. whether/if 2. Whether 3. whether 4. whether/if 5. whether 6. whether 7. whether
8. whether 9. If
(五)其它连接代词和副词的连用
1.When 2.who 3.what 4.where
(六)用whatever或whoever填空
(七)同位语从句的引导和辨别-------用that/ whether / where/ how填空
1.where 2.how 3.that 4.that. 5.whether
名词性从句练习题
第一部分:基础题
1. A 此题考察what引导名词性从句的用法。在此题中what引导主语从句,同时在从句中充当主语。
2. B 通过对句子的分析可知,believe it or not是插入语,在此句中that引导的是the story的同位语从句。
3. D 通过对句子的分析可知,此题需要选一词来引导表语从句,而从句中的明显缺少宾语,故只能what用来充当。
4. C 介词on后面宾语从句不完整,同时从句缺少主语,故只能由what来充当。
5. C wonder后面的从句是疑问句应用陈述语序。即:特殊疑问词+主语+谓语动词。
6. B 此句主句完整,从句也完整,故用that引导构成与the fact的同位语从句。
7. A why在它引导的从句中充当原因状语,从句在主句里充当介词on的宾语。
8. B what在它引导的从句中充当主语,同时整个从句可看成是idea的同位语从句,来说明idea的具体内容。
9. B 本题考查定语从句以及固定短语turn to 的用法,关系代词因为在后面定语从句中做宾语因此省略掉,turn to sb 求助于某人。
10. B 本题根据意思以及后面与or 的搭配关系可判断该处是“是否”,whether 引导宾语从句。
11. B 本题考查名词性从句中的同位语从句,根据下文可知Danny留下的口信的内容,that 引导名词性从句。
12. C 本题考查双重疑问句,疑问词+do you think/believe/expect+句子的其他成分(句子用称述句语序)。
13. C 本题考查固定短语 be different from同时也考查名词性从句中的宾语从句,介词from后是宾语从句,但从句中be used to 后面少宾语,且根据上文是我们过去习惯的方法,这用what 符合语意。
14. A 本题考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句,后面表语从句不完整,it was 后面还缺少表语,根据意思是“20年前的 样子”,后面一个句子是对20年前的补充说明,是一个非限制性定语从句,20年前学校设备条件不好,when 在定语从句中作时间状语。
15. B 本题考查名词性从句的同位语,doubt 后的同位语根据意思没有怀疑故选择that 引导,that在从句中不充当成分。
第二部分:强化题
1. C whether引导的从句构成与名词the question的同位语。
2. C 主句完整,同时从句也不缺成分。根据句意可看出that引导的从句构成与a warm thought的同位语。
3. A that引导同位语从句,具体说明chance(可能性)的内容。
4. B 句意:请提醒我他说他将什么时候走。
5. B 因先行词是natives,故淘汰A和D。又因give sth. to sb.固定短语,所以选B。介词to可放在关系代词
whom的前面。
6. B pleased后面缺少宾语从句,he was a man of action句意完整,故用that引导。
7. D No matter what/which只能引导让步状语从句,排除A和B。C和D的区别在于一个无范围,一个有范围。
8. D wonder后面的宾语从句本是what makes him so excited:。但what需要被强调,故用强调句型。
9. D 本题考查it 作形式主语, 后面的that 引导真正的主句从句.
10. B 本题考查同位语从句, reason 后面有for 引导的短语, 接着后面是that 引导的句子来说明理由的内容.
11. C 本题考查名词性从句的宾语从句,介词for 后接宾语从句但宾语从句中缺少主语, he thought 是插入语. 连
词what 引导宾语从句且在从句中充当主语,which 的意思不符合.
12. C 本题考查固定短语 be different from同时也考查名词性从句中的宾语从句,介词from后是宾语从句,但
从句中it had been 后面少表语,所以what 符合语意。
13. B 本题考查名词性从句中的介词宾语从句, 根据下文意思以及在宾语从句中作主语, D 不能引导名词性从句,
who 表达的意思不对.
14. C 本题考查名词性从句介词宾语, 宾语从句中you think 是插入语, 故句中缺少主语,which 意思不对,故选what
15. C 本题考查介词宾语从句, 根据上下文意思 该处应该是”我们是否能得到Green先生的.