英语中表示时间的副词和短语的归纳

英语中表示时间的副词和短语的归纳(小芳) 英语中表示时间的词语主要分为以下几类：时间点、时间段、动作发生的频度、动作或 事件发生的先后。一般可用单个副词来表示，也可以用带有介词 in、 at、on 和 for 的短语 来表示。此外，一些不带介词的短语也可以用来表示动作(事件)发生(状态持续)的时间。 一、单个副词表示时间 1. 表示动作(事件)发生的时间 这类副词常见的有：ago, before, lately, later (on), now, recently, then, today, tomorrow, tonight, yesterday 等。例如： 1) It’s beginning to rain now! (时间点) 现在开始下雨了！ 2) I haven’t seen her recently. (时间段) 最近我没见到她。 3) Will you be free tonight? (时间段) 你今晚有空吗？ 4) See you later. (时间点) 回头见。 2. 表示频度 这类副词常见的有:always, constantly, continuously, continually, ever, frequently, generally, hardly ever, much, never, normally, occasionally(偶尔), often, periodically(定期地,偶尔), rarely, regularly, repeatedly, seldom(很少), sometimes, usually, now and then(偶尔,有时)等。例如: 1) Tom is constantly changing her mind. (频度副词 constantly) 汤姆老是改变主意。 2) They do meet now and then, but not regularly. (频度副词 regularly) 他们确实偶尔也见面,但不经常。 3) Mary rarely left her room. (频度副词 rarely) 玛丽很少离开她的房间。 3. 其他一些表示时间的副词 主要有：already, early, finally, first, immediately, just, late, long, presently, shortly, since, soon, yet 等。例如： 1) I’ll be back presently(shortly). 我一会儿就回来。 2) What decision did you finally arrive at? 你们最后做出了什么决定？ 3) Nancy was up early. 南希很早就起来了。 4) He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。 【分析】 句 1)中的 presently (shortly)(不久,一会儿),强调从现在算起到将来的某一时刻,时间持续 很短；句 2)中的 finally(最终)强调事件的最终结果；句 3)中的 early(早)表示动作发生的时间 比通常所认定的时间早；句 4)中的 just 表示从过去的某个时间算起到现在,时间持续很短。 二、前面带有介词 in, at, on 和 for 表示时间的短语 1. 带有介词 in 的时间短语 in a flash(瞬时), in a lucky hour(在幸运时刻), in an evil hour(在不幸的时刻), in a minute, in a second, in a short time, in a while, in advance(预先), in an instant, in broad day(在大白天), in due course(及时地), in future, in good season(及时地), in no time(马上), in one’s childhood, in one’s spare time, in one’s teens, in one’s youth, in re-cent years, in some cases(有时候), in spring, in the beginning, in the daytime, in the end, in the long run(最后), in the meantime, in the morning, in the past, in this period, in those days, in time 等。例如： 1)He was born in1980. 他生于 1980 年。2)The policeman arrived in time and caught the thief in a flash. 警察及时赶到，瞬时抓住了那个小偷。 2. 带有介词 on 的时间短语 on a certain day, on Christmas Day, on night shift, on one’s birthday, on schedule(按时), on Sunday, on the moment, on that date, on the eve of, on the following day, on the Monday morning, on the New Year’s Eve, on the point of(正在……时候),on this day, on this occasion, on time 等。 例如： 1) There are varieties of celebrations on Christmas Day. 圣诞节那天有多种庆祝活动。 2) When he heard the bad news, he burst into tears on the moment. 听到那个坏消息，他的眼泪立刻夺眶而出。 3) He always arrives on time in time of an appointment. 约会时他总是很准时。 3. 带有介词 at 的时间短语 at a time(在某时), at a wedding(婚礼), at all times(一直), at any moment, at Christmas, at dark (天黑时), at dawn(在黎明), at daybreak, at dinner-time, at dusk(在黄昏), at first sight, at first, at last, at night, at nightfall, at noon, at present, at six o’clock, at sunrise, at sunset, at that moment, at that time, at the age of, at the beginning of , at the end of, at the last minute, at the moment, at the same time, at the stage(眼下), at the start, at this point(此时), at this sea-son, at times(有时)等。例如： 1)At that time, Mary earned so little money that she could hardly afford a coat like this. 那时玛丽挣钱很少，几乎买不起这样一件大衣。 2)At times, Robert is seen to be walking along with a beautiful girl. 有时可以看到罗伯特和一个漂亮女孩走在一起。 3)At the stage, Tom doesn’t have enough time to write such a long paper. 眼下汤姆没有时间写那么长的一篇论文。 【分析】 句 1)中的 at that time(那时)表示某种境遇存在的时间段；句 2)中的 at times(有时)表示事 件发生的频度；句 3)中的 at the stage(眼下)表示离说话前后不久的一段时间。 4.“介词 for + 表示时间的名词短语”表示动作持续或状态存在的时间段: for ten seconds, for five minutes, for an hour, for two days, for six months, for a year, for a decade, for a whole century, for a long time, for a short while 等。例如： 1) On hearing the news, Helen stood there for ten seconds without saying a word. 听到这个消息后,海伦站在那里十秒钟没说出一句话来。 2) I feel as if I had left school for a whole century. 我觉得我好像离开学校整整一个世纪了。 三、不带介词的表示时间的短语 just now, so far, last night, right away, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, five days ago, five days before, this week, next week, a week ago, a week before, last month, next month, this year, next year, three months ago, this century, last century 等。例如： 1)The old couple haven’t heard from their son so far. 那对老夫妇目前还没收到儿子的来信。 2) Susan will take the college entrance examination the day after tomorrow. 苏姗后天要参加大学入学考试。3) He said his father had died three years before. 他说他父亲三年前去世了。 【分析】 句 1)中的 so far(到目前为止)是副词短语,表示到现在为止的时间段；句 2)中的 the day after tomorrow(后天)表示事件将要发生的时间； 3)中的 three years before(三年前)表示过去 句 某件事发生的时间,用于间接引语中。选择最合适的选项完成句子。 【练一练】 1. I haven’t seen Anna ______. A. constantly B. recently C. Usually D. finally 2. You have to hand in your paper ______ Monday morning. A. in B. On C. at D. for 3. He finished the writing part ______ the last minute of the examination. A. in B. on C. at D. For 4. He thought about the question _______ a short while and gave the answer quickly. A. in B. on C. at D. For 5. Stevenson’s girlfriend promised to marry him ________ next year. A. in B. on C. at D. / 【解析】 1. B。句意：最近我没有见到安娜。分析：本题缺少一个表示动作发生时间的副词，而 constantly 和 usually 表示动作或事件发生的频率，finally 表示动作或事件发生的顺序。只有 recently 可表示动作或事件发生的时间，故选 B。 2. B。句意：你必须在周一早晨交论文。分析： “in the morning”是固定短语，其中的 介词 in 不能用其他介词代替。但如果 morning 前面加上表示一周的任何一天的名词（从 Monday 到 Sunday） ，其前面的介词要用 on。故选 B。 3. C。句意：他在考试的最后一刻完成了写作部分。分析：介词短语 at the last minute 是固定搭配，其中的介词 at 不能用其他任何介词代替。 4. D。句意：他对这个问题稍作思考，便很快给出了答案。分析： “for a short while”是 表示时间段的固定短语，意为“一小会儿” ，其中介词 for 不能用其他介词代替。 5. D。句意：斯蒂文森的女朋友答应明年嫁给他。分析：next year 前面一般没有介词， 故选 D。Living in: San FranciscoIN ASSOCIATION WITHShare this pageFacebook Twitter Share Print InSan FranciscoLiving in...21 September 2011|By Sunshine Flint(Associated Press) San Francisco really is the shining city on a hill. Make that many hills, 43 in fact. With its cool temperatures and cool vibes, sea lions sunning themselves on the piers, and a confluence of bay and bridges, it always feels like something special is about to happen. This effervescent mix is why so many people want to live and visit there — to have some of that northern California magic rub off on them.Related slideshow: San Francisco in picturesWhat is it known for? There are so many things that make San Francisco special, from the red behemoth of the Golden Gate Bridge to the city’s tolerant attitude toward almost everything. Haight–Ashbury’s Summer of Love may be long over, but liberal San Francisco keeps the flame alive. Forget poetry readings at the City Lights bookstore, the city has legislated itself bluer than blue. The city has free public health care; it hosts the country’s largest gay pride parade; its ban on Happy Meals comes into effect this December; and voters will get to decide on a ballot proposal making circumcision illegal this November. You can go for a cable car ride or tour Alcatraz (at night is extra special) or climb Coit Tower for the amazing views, but every visitor finds what they love in San Francisco. Whether it’s the shopping in Union Square, burritos and murals in the Mission or drinking with ghosts of Beat past in North Beach, the city has a neighbourhood that fits. Where do you want to live? In general, the housing market in San Francisco has not been hit as hard as many other areas of the United States. “The market is rising now, due to low inventory,” explained Paige Gienger, a realtor with Coldwell Banker. “A few pockets were affected by short sales and foreclosures, but those tend to be near the outer rim of the city border or neighbourhoods with windy and foggy weather patterns.” Hilltop real estate in San Francisco gets more expensive and desirable the higher you go: Nob Hill, Russian Hill, Pacific Heights. Noe Valley is one of the most desirable neighbourhoods in San Francisco right now. It is close by the Castro and the Mission, but it filled with yummy mummies and the stroller set, sidewalk cafes and lovely old Victorians. Midtown Terrace on the edge of Twin Peaks is also very popular, as is Miraloma Park, which is near Glen Canyon Park, very green and filled with single family homes. All of the Sunset district, both Inner and Outer, remains popular (and counter intuitively foggy) with its proximity to Golden Gate Park and Ocean Beach and with a mix ofcommercial and residential streets. According to Gienger, the area to look for good value for money in the Sunset is Inner Parkside, with its single-family homes and more suburban feel. Other neighbourhoods for a good deal include Glen Park bordering Noe Valley, with its village-y atmosphere and top transport links to downtown. Portola near McClaren Park is also up-and-coming district, but it lies outside the Southern Freeway (Interstate 280) belt. And one of the newer and more unique opportunities is leasing inside the decommissioned military base, the Presidio. Side trips Part of the attraction of living in San Francisco is that there are so many natural, cultural and culinary attractions just across the Bay or down the Peninsula. Northern Marin County and Point Reyes are less than an hour from downtown San Francisco, and it is about an hour to the wineries of Napa and Sonoma Valleys. Muir Woods and Mount Tamalpais are just across the Golden Gate Bridge and Redwood National Park, Lake Tahoe and Yosemite are each under a five-hour drive away. For city breaks, Los Angeles is a short flight away, and if the California High-Speed Rail is actually built, it will make the trip in two-and-a-half hours. Seattle and Vancouver are both about a two-hour flight away. Practical info Rental rates vary widely by neighbourhood, and the closer to Downtown, the higher the rent. A single family home rents for around $4,000 to $5,000, and a two-bed apartment for $2,200 to $2,700. And good inventory is hard to find. “There is a lot of competition at the moment for quality rentals below $3,000 a month,” said Gienger. “People are better off buying if they plan to stay for more than three years, and the cost to borrow money is very low right now, provided they can get a loan.” Average house prices range from $600,000 to $750,000. Because escrows are closing several weeks late, due to delays caused by the banks, underwriters and appraisers (which then prolongs a seller’s mortgage payments, HOA fees and so on), currently sellers are accepting a lower price on their properties, especially for cash buyers. “There a lot of cash buyers, both international and domestic,” said Gienger. “Foreign buyers are very prevalent, especially from Hong Kong and France.”