定冠词不定冠词

一、不定冠词的用法

1. 泛指某一类人、事或物，相当于any 。这是不定冠词a / an的基本用法。

A horse is a useful animal. 马有是用的动物。

2. 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。

A boy is waiting for you at the school gate. 学校门口有个男孩找你。

3. 表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one 强烈。

I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 我有一张嘴，一只鼻子和两只眼睛。

4. 表示“每一”，相当于every 。

Take the medicine three times a day. 吃这种药，每日三次。

5. 用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。

Mr and Mrs Shute had a daughter called Jane. Then they had a second child—a son.

舒特夫妇有个女儿名叫珍。不久，他们又有一个小孩——一个儿子。

I’ve tried it three times. Let me try a fourth time.我已试过三次了。让我再试一次吧。

6. 用在某些固定词组中。

a bit 有一点儿; 一会儿a bit of 一点儿; 少许 a lot (of ) 许多，大量 a moment later 片刻之后 after a while 过一会儿as a result of 作为……的结果have a look 看一看

have a test 进行测验/考查/试验 in a minute 一会儿; 立刻in a short while 不久; 一会儿

just a moment 等一会儿leave a message 留话 once upon a time 从前play a trick on 跟……开玩笑

二、定冠词the 的用法

1. 特指某(些) 人或某(些) 物，这是定冠词的基本用法。

Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。

2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。

Open the window please. 请把窗户打开。(双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗户)

3. 指上文已经提到的人或事物。

There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.

窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。

4. 指世界上独一无二的事物。

Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球和月亮哪一个最大？

5. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前。

The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 第一辆卡车装运一些筐。

6. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。

the Great wall长城，the Summer Palace颐和园，

the People’s Farm人民农场，the Science Museum科学馆

7. 用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。

the rich富人 the poor穷人 the sick病人 the old老人，

the young年轻人 the blind盲人 the dead死人

8. 用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。

The Turners are going home on a train. 特纳夫妇在回家的火车上。

9. 用在方位词前。

on the left/right在左/右边

in the east/west/north/south在东/西/北/南方

at the back/front of在……的后/前面

10. 用在乐器名称前。

Do you like playing the piano or the violin? 你喜欢弹钢琴还是喜欢拉小提琴？

11. 用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派名词前。

the East China Sea 东海the Huai River 淮河

the Jinggang Mountains 井冈山the United States of American 美国

12. 用在某些固定词组中。

all the same 仍然all the time 一直 all the year round 一年到头at the age of 在……岁时 at the same time 同时by the side of 在……附近 by the time 到时候by the way 顺便说

in the end 最后；终于in the hat 戴帽子的 the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天

13. a与an 区别

1). 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h 开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母an 。

2). 拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词useful, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用a.

3). 英文字母前用a 还是用an 的问题在26个英文字母中，a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的，其余字母则是以辅音开头的。如：

三、不用冠词的情况 1. 在专有名词和不可数名词前。 I’m going to England next week for a holiday.下周我将要去英国度假。 2. 可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my, your, his, her等；指示代词this/ these, that/those; 不定代词some, any等及所有格限制时。 The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里。 3. 复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My father and mother are teachers. 我的父亲和母亲是教师。 4. 在星期、月份、季节、节日前。 The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 到中国来的最好时间是春季或秋季。 Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teacher’s Day. 今天是九月十日，星期四，教师节。 [注意] 如果月份、季节等被一个限定性定语修饰，则要加定冠词。 He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。 5. 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。 Happy Teachers’ Day, Miss Zhao! Here it is, Mom! 6. 在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前。 I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我认为汉语比其它学科更普及。 Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗？We are going to play football. 我们去踢足球。 [注意]I can see a football.(指足球，并非“球类运动”) Where’s the football. 7. 某些固定词组中不用冠词。 ①与by 连用的交通工具名称前 by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship ②名词词组 day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there ③介词词组 at home在家in surprise惊奇地 in school在上学on holiday在度假 at night在晚上on duty值日 in class在上课on show展览 ④ go短语 go home回家go to bed上床睡觉 go to school去上学go to work去上班 go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼

定冠词不定冠词练习题

1. David comes from European country and he is honest boy.

A. an; a B. a; an C. the; an D. a; the

2. —Is English- Chinese dictionary on the desk yours?

—No, I don’t have English- Chinese dictionary. I use English- English dictionaries.

A. an; an B. an; the C. the; an D. the; the

3. Peter likes playing football very much, but he doesn’t like football I bought for him on his birthday.

A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the

4. —What’s the matter with you?

—I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.

A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. a; /

5. Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped ________ ”m” here.

A. an B. the C. / D. a

6. —Do you know university student who is talking with Joe?

—Yes, she’s my cousin, Kate.

A. a B. an C. the

7. I am reading ______ novel. It is ______ interesting story.

A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an

8. —Will you get there by ______ train?

—No, I’ll take ______ taxi.

A. /; a B. a; the C. /; / D. the; a

9. This morning I had ______ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast.

A. an B. a C. the D. /

10. If you don’t mind, pass me ______ apple, please.

A. a B. an C. the D. 不填

11. ______ earth we live on is bigger than ______ moon.

A. The; a B. The; the C. An; a D. An; the

12. My uncle isn’t ______ old man, and he likes playing ______ football.

A. a; a B. an; an C. the; the D. an; /

13. —How far is it from our school to ______ seaside?

—It is ______ eight-kilometer walk from here.

A. the; an B. /; an C. the; a D. /; a

14. —Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning.

—Is it ______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a

15. The boys and girls often play______ football in ______ afternoon.

A. /; an B. the; an C./; the D. a; the

16. —Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?

—Yes. I had ______ wonderful time.

A. a B. an C. the D. 不填

17. There’s ______ “h” in the word hour.

A. a B. the C. an D. 不填

18. We saw______ elephant in the zoo. ______ elephant was from India.

A. a; The B. the; An C. an; The D. the; A