化学化工专业英语翻译2
• Coal, petroleum and natural gas now yield their bond energies to man.
煤，石油和天然气现在为人类提供各种各样的结合能。
• Salts may also be found by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal.
盐也能通过用金属置换酸中的氢而获得。
• An acid was once defined as a substance that would form hydrogen ions(H+) in water solution and a base as one that
would form hydroxide ions(OH-) in the same.
人们曾把酸定义为在水溶液中能产生氢离子的物质，而碱则是在同样溶液中会产生氢氧根离子的物质。
• These books are packed in tens. 这些书每十本装一包。
• These products are counted by hundreds. 这些产品是成百成百计数的。
• They went out by twos and threes. 他们三三两两地出去了。
• They consulted tens of magazines. 他们查阅了几十本杂志。
• Automation helps to increase productivity hundreds of times over. 自动化使生产率提高了几百倍。
• More weight must be placed on the past history of patients. 必须更加重视患者的病史。
• The continuous process can be conducted at any prevailing pressure without release to atmospheric pressure.
连续过程能在任何常用的压力下进行，而不必暴露在大气中。
• The two pairs of electrons of oxygen may be shared with two separate carbons forming only single bond.
氧可分别与两个不直接相连的碳共用两对电子形成两个单键。
• Heats given by the boiler comes to the exchanger through pipe line.锅炉产生的热量经由管路送到换热器。 • In general, the design procedure is not straight forward and will require trial and error.
一般说来，设计不是一帆风顺的，需要反复试验。
• Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon . 钢和铸铁的含碳量也不相同。
• The return of the light into the same medium in which it has been travelling is reflection.光线返回原来传播的介质就是反射。 • In the reaction both the acid and the base are neutralized forming water and salt.反应中，酸与碱彼此中和而生成水和盐。 • Americans every year swallow 15000 tons of aspirin, one of the safest and most effective drugs invented by man.
阿司匹林是人类发明的最安全，最有效的药物，美国每年要消耗15000吨。
• Alloys belongs to a half-way house between mixture and compounds. 合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中间结构。 • Industrialization and environmental degradation seem to go hand in hand. 工业化发展似乎伴随着环境的退化。 • Super conductivity technology is now in its infancy. 超导体技术正处于发展的初级阶段。
• A gas distributed itself uniformly through a container. 气体均匀地分布在这个器皿中。
• Liquids are like solids in that they have definite volume. 液体象固体一样，都有一定的体积。
• When the solution in the tank has reached the desired temperature, it is discharged.当罐内溶液达到所要求的温度时，就卸料。 • When short waves are sent out and meet an obstacle, they are reflected.短波发射出后，遇到障碍就反射回来。 • Friction always opposes the motion whatever its direction may be. 不管运动方向怎样，摩擦总是同运动方向相反。 • Then ，came the development of the microcomputer. 后来，微型计算机发展起来了。
• Evidently ，semiconductors have a less conducting capacity than metal.显然，半导体的导电能力比金属差。 • Evaporation sometimes produces a slurry of crystals in a saturated mother liquor.
有时蒸发能在饱和的母液内产生结晶淤浆。
• The presence of an acid stronger than nitric acid accelerates the heterolysis into NO2+ and OH-.
比硝酸更强的酸的存在可以加速生成NO 2+ and OH-的异种分解。
• Tbe publication of Chemisches Zentralblatt was stopped during World War II, and the blanks were later filled.
德国化学文摘/总览》在第二次世界大战期间曾停刊过，不过随后又填补了以前的空白。
• Gasoline would have been difficult to supply in the quantities required if it had not been for improvements in refining
methods and the introduction of cracking
假如当时没有对炼油方法作出改讲并引入裂解法，那么汽油供应量早就难以满足需要了。
• Even before the Second Five-year plane, China was already producing all kinds of lathes, machines, apparatus and
instruments ．甚至在第二个五年计划之前，中国就已经在生产着各种车床、机器、仪器和设备。
• The carbon had lost electrons and the oxygen has gained electrons in the change．
在变化中，碳失去了电子，而氧获得了电子。
• It was reported that scientist had worked at the problem of storing the sun’s heat for many years.
据报道，对于贮藏太阳能的问题，科学工作者曾经进行过多年的研究。
• The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy through a generator. 发电机可以把机械能再转变为电能。 • The project is the largest public works program undertaken by a state in the history of the United States. 这是美国历
史上由一个州单独承担的最大的一项公共工程
• Evaporation differs from crystallization in that emphasis is placed on concentrating a solution rather than forming and
building crystals. 蒸发和结晶不同，因为蒸发着重于将溶液浓缩而不是生成和析出结晶。
• The hydrocarbons are all lighter than water，and ，being almost completely insoluble, float on it.
这些烃都比水轻，再由于它们几乎完全不溶于水，所以就浮在水面上；
• Total determination of molecular is possible by means of X-ray diffraction．
用x 射线衍射的方法可以全面地确定分子结构。（谓语部分省译，total 转译为副词，另增译结构）
• Such operations require the transfer of a substance from the gas stream to the liquid.
这样的一些操作要求物质由气流传递到液体中去。
• He was a good calculator ，so we considered the answer correct.他计算很好，因此，我们认为这个答案是正确的。 • I suggested the supports should be located every five meters. He was my good supporters .
我建议每隔五米设一个支架，他很支持我的建议。
• But even this illustration does not give a picture of the importance of friction.但是，甚至这些例子并未描绘出摩擦的重要性。 • Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years, because of its applicability to many fields of science
and its adaptability to practical uses.激光是近年来轰动一时的科技成就之一，因为它可用于各种科学领域，也适合各种实际用途。
• He found some difficulties to desigh a chemical plant without an electronic computer.
他感到没有电子计算机要设计一座化工厂是很困难的。
• Efforts to apply computer techniques have been a success in improving pyrolysis techniques
使用计算机技术的努力已经成功地促进了热解技术的发展。
• The output voltages of the control system varied in a wide range. (v.→adj. 这台控制系统的输出电压变化范围很宽。 • As you know that also present in solid are numbers of free electrons.正如我们所知，固体中也存在着大量的自由电子。 • Figure 5 shows the rising power consumption at increasing clock frequencies.图5表明，时钟频率增高时，功耗便升高。 • He is quite familiar with the performance of this transmitter. 他非常熟悉这台发报机的性能。
• The continuous process can ordinarily be handled in the less spaces. 连续过程通常能节省操作空间。
• There is a large amount of energy wasted owing to friction. 由于摩擦而消耗了大量的能量。
• There was a large amount of output power wasted due to leakage. 由于漏电而损耗了大量的输出功率。
• Below 4℃,water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction.水在4℃以下不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收缩。 • In assembling color TV sets, they made full use of home-made components.在装配彩色电视机时，他们充分利用了国产元件。 • But even this illustration does not give an adequate picture of the importance of friction.
但是，甚至这个例子还没有充分地描绘出摩擦的重要性。
• The communications system is chiefly characterized by its ease with which it can be maintained.这种通讯装置的主要特点是便于维修。 • Oxygen is one of the important element in the physical world, it is very active chemically .
氧是物质世界的重要元素之一，它的化学性质很活泼。
• The reaction force to this action force pushes the rocket ship along . 这个作用力所产生的反作用力推动宇宙飞船前进。 • It is because the bounding properties of one pair of electrons in the double bond are not fully satisfied.
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• 这是由于双键上的一对电子不具有充分饱和的键合性质。 Water can be shown as containing admixtures. 可以证明水含有杂质。（主语→宾语） Use is made of this important property of carbon.人们利用碳的这种重要性质。（主语→谓语） Organic compounds are not soluble in water because there is no tendency for water to separate their molecules into ions. 有机化合物不溶于水，因为水没有将它们的分子离解为离子的倾向。（主语→宾语） There are two types of heat treatment applicable to aluminum alloys.对铝合金采用了两种不同的热处理方法. 主→宾 The following definitions apply to the terms used in this specification.本说明书所用的一些术语定义如下.(主语→谓语 Evaporation emphasis is placed on concentrating a solution rather than forming and building crystals. 蒸发着重于将溶液浓缩，而不是生成和析出晶体。（主语→谓语） Matter is anything having weight and occupying space. 凡具有重量和占有空间的东西都是物质。 Methane is less than half as heavy as water. 甲烷的重量不到水的一半。（主语→定语） Sodium is very active chemically. 钠的化学活性很高。（主语→定语） An atom of oxygen weights 16 times as much as an atom of hydrogen. 一个氧原子的质量是一个氢原子质量的16倍：主—定 When a cooper plate is put into the sulfuric acid electrolyte, very few of its atoms dissolve. 当将铜板片置于硫酸电解液中时，几乎没有铜原子溶解。（主语→状语） The past few decades have been characterized by a prodigious expansion of the organic chemical industry. 过去数十年的特征是有机化学工业得到了惊人的发展。(谓语→主语) The melting point of alkanes are rather irregular at first, but tend to rise somewhat steadily as the molecules become larger. 烷烃的熔点起初很不规则，但随着分子的增大．则有些稳步上升的趋势。(谓语→宾语) TNT has high explosive power. TNT的爆炸力很大。（宾语→主语） It is asumed that there is little if any leakage through the condensers. 可以设想，电容器即使漏电，也是很少的。宾→主 Light makes vision possible. 有了光，才能看见东西。（宾语→谓语） Matters is anything that occupies space. 凡占有空间的都是物质。 In this sense structure analysis is common to most organic research. 从这个意义上讲，结构分析普遍应用于大多数的有机研究。 The formula for kinetic energy is applicable to any object that is moving.动能公式适用于任何运动的物体。 In their laboratory, few instruments are valuable. 在他们实验室里，贵重的仪器是不多的。 There are two groups of metals: pure metals and their alloys.金属有两大类：纯金属及其合金。（定语→主语） Many factors enter into equipment reliability.涉及设备可靠性的因素很多。（定语→谓语） Automatic machines having many advantages can only do the jobs they have been “told” to do. 自动化机器虽然有很多优点，但它们只能干人们“吩咐”它们要干的事。（定语→状语从句 ） Benzene can undergo the typical substitution reactions of halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel-Crafts reaction. 苯可以进行典型的取代反应，如卤化、硝化、磺化和傅氏反应。（定语→同位语） When oxides of nitrogen are absorbed in water to give nitric acid, a chemical reaction occurs. 当水吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸时，就发生了化学反应。（状语—主语） The melting point is different for different kinds of metals.不同的金属有不同的熔点。 The attractive force between the molecules is negligibly small.分子间的吸引力小得可以忽略不计。 The number of molecules in any object we can see is unimaginably large. 任何我们能看到的物体所具有的分子数都大得不可思议。 The particles move faster in the place where the body is being heated.生物体受热的地方，粒子运动得较快。 A six-carbon ring structure in the form of a hexagon with alternate single and double bond was assigned to benzene. 苯被指定为单键和双键交替的由六个碳组成的六角形的环形结构。 The commonly employed forms of energy are kinetic energy and heat energy.动能和热能是通常使用的能的形式。 Non-conductors are rubber and glass.橡胶和玻璃是非导体。
• The alternate double bond arrangement in the six-carbon ring is aromatics characteristic.
芳香烃的特点是六个碳原子组成的环上双键交替排列。
• People regarded the sun as the chief source of heat and light.人们把太阳视为主要的热源和光源。
• We can transform water into two gases by passing an electric current through it.
让电流通入水中，我们就能把水变为两种气体。
• By compressing and cooling the mixture, you can separate one gas from the other by changing it to a liquid.
将该混合物压缩、冷却，使其中一种气体变为液体，就能把它与另一种气体分开。
• The figure shows the readers the relative action of reciprocating between the work and the tool.
这个图给读者显示了工件和刀具之间往复的相对运动。
• X-ray will show the doctor clearly how the lung suffers.X射线会清楚地把肺部损害的程度显示给医生。
• Two factors, force and distance, are included in the units of work.力和距离这两个因素都包括在功的单位内。（变序） • the branch of science , artificial intelligence, is developing rapidly.人工智能这门科学正在迅速地发展。
• We are all familiar with the fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving of itself.
我们都熟知这样一个事实，即：自然界中没有一件东西会自行开始或停止运动。
• The energy of steam comes from the heat produced by burning coal.蒸气能来自燃烧煤所产生的热量。
• Generally speaking, the fuel available is coal. 一般说来，可用的燃料是煤。
• Engine revolution should not exceed the maximum permissible. 发动机的转数不应超过所允许的最大值。 • Being alloyed with certain metals, aluminum can be strengthened.
铝和某些金属熔合后，强度会增大。 （变序，状语译在主语之后）
• Many industrial operation can be carried out in either of two ways which may be called batch and continuous operations.
许多工业操作可用作间歇操作或连续操作来完成。 （变序，状语译在谓语之前）
• Chemisches zentralblatt is particularly valuable for its inclusiveness of the East European and Russian literature.
《德国化学文摘》也包括东欧和俄罗斯的文献，就这一点来说是特别有价值的。
• The atomic theory was not accepted until the last century.原字学说直到上个世纪才为人们所接受。（或：才被接受） • Other evaporation materials and processes will be discussed briefly.其它一些蒸发材料和蒸发过程将简单地加以讨论 • Purified hydrogen is passed over a liquid metal halide.让纯化氢气通过液态金属卤化物。
• Considerable use is made of these data. 这些资料得到充分的利用。
• The electromagnetic disturbances are caused by lighting discharges.电磁干扰是由雷电放电引起的。
• Now headings, sub-headings and tables of contents in English are provided.
现在提供英文的（主）标题，副标题和目录表。
• The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are known.只要知道电压和电流，就能确定电阻。 • Much greater magnification can be obtained with the electron microscope.使用电子显微镜，能获得更大的放大倍数。 • The metal, iron in particular, is known to be an important material in engineering.
大家知道，金属，特别是铁，是工程方面的重要材料。
• If one or more electrons are removed, the atom is said to be positively charged.
如果原子失去了一个或多个电子，我们就说这个原子带正电荷。
• Potassium and sodium are seldom met in their natural state.我们很少见到自然状态的钾和钠。
• Even when the pressure stays the same, great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature.
即使压力不变，气温的变化也能引起空气密度的巨大变化。
• Large quantities of lasers are used by optic communication in the generation of light emmitting.
光通信利用大量激光器来产生光发射。
• Borax was added to beeswax to enhance its emulsifying power.将硼砂加到蜂蜡中以增加蜂蜡的乳化力。
• The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy through a generator. 发电机可以把机械能再转变为电能。 • Batch operations are frequently found in experimental and pilot-plant operations.间歇操作常见于实验室操作及中试操作。
• The kinds of activities which engage the organic chemist may be grouped in the following way.
有机化学工作者所从事的活动可以按照下列方法归类。
• Attention should be paid to the study of proteins. 应该注意蛋白质的研究。
• Stress must be laid on the development of the electronics industry. 必须强调电子工业的发展。
• The integrated circuit finds wide application in electrical engineering.集成电路在电气工程方面得到了广泛的应用。 • A single piece of silicon is hardly big enough to pick up. 单个的硅芯片小得捡不起来。
• We learn that sodium or any of its compounds produces a spectrum having a bright yellow double line by noticing
that there is no such line in the spectrum of light when sodium is not present，but that if the smallest quantity of sodium be thrown into the flame or other sources of light, the bright yellow line instantly appears．
译文：我们注意到，如果把非常少量的钠投入到火焰或其它光源中时，立即出现一条亮黄色的双线，当钠不存在时，光谱中就没有这样的双线。由此我们知道钠或钠的任何化合物所产生的光谱都带有一条亮黄色的双线。 • Normally, in evaporation the thick liquor is the valuable product and the vapor is condensed and discarded.
Mineral-bearing water is often evaporated to give a solid-free product for boiler feed, for special process requirements, or for human consumption. This technique is often called water distillation, but technically it is evaporation. In one specific situation, however, the reverse is true. 译文：通常情况下，蒸发时，粘稠液是有价值的产物，而蒸汽冷凝下来并被扔掉。但是在某一特定的情况时，恰恰相反。含有矿物质的水常被蒸发以获得不含固体的产物，以供锅炉加水用，供特殊过程的需用或供人类使用。此项技术通常称为水的蒸馏，而在技术上却是蒸发。
• Aluminium remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its
always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
由于铝总是和其他元素结合，最常见的是和有很强的亲和力的氧结合，因而在自然界任何地方都找不到处于游离状态的铝，所以，直到十九世纪，人们才知道有铝。
• The diode consists of a tungsten filament, which gives off electrons when it is heated, and a plate toward which the
electrons migrate when the field is in the right direction.
译文：二极管由一根钨丝和一块极板组成：钨丝受热时便放出电子，当电场方向为正时，这些电子便向极板移动。 • Our object is to draw attention to those areas responsible for the quantum jump in sophistication, improved cosmetic attributes
and safety of today’s products.
译文：我们的目的是提请人们注意那些使下列方面发生跃变的领域：即当代化妆品所采用的先进技术方面、质量改进方面以及安全性方面。
Another development, by itself not strictly scientific in nature, is the growning awareness that the energy resources at present available to human technology are limited, and that photosynthesis is the only large-scale process on earth by which a virtually inexhaustible source of energy, i.e., the radiation energy of the sun, is collected and converted into a form of energy that is not only used by plants, but by all forms of life, including man.
另一发展——就其本性而言，本身不是严格科学的——是人们正日益认识到下面这个事实，即：人类技术领域目前可以利用的能源是有限的，在地球上只有光合作用是能将那实际上是取之不尽用之不竭的能源——太阳的辐射能——聚集起来，转换为不仅植物，而且包括人在内的所有生命都可以利用的能量形式的大规模过程。
Fire is a chemical reaction in which atoms of the gas oxygen combine with atoms of certain other elements, such as hydrogen or carbon. 燃烧是一种化学反应，在这个反应中，气体氧的原子与某些其他元素的原子，如氧或碳，相化合。
Manufactureing process may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.
制造过程可分为单件生产和大量生产。单件生产就是生产少量的零件，大量生产就是生产大批相同的零件。
The principles of both absorption and desorption are basically the same，and we may study both operations at the same time. 吸收和解吸这两个过程的原理基本相同，因此可以同时研究这种操作。
Beginning from butane it is possible for the hydrocarbons to have one or more branch chains and isomerism results. • • • • •
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• 从丁烷开始这种烃就可能含有一个或更多个支链，这就产生了异构现象。 The consequence is a severance of carbon linkage at the point of the original double bond with the formation of two oxidation 其结果是在最初双键处碳键断裂，形成酸和醛。 when concentrated nitric acid is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid it ionizes and gives a nitronium ion． 当浓硝酸溶于浓硫酸中时，就发生离子化而产生硝鎓离子。 More and more companies are installing automatic process controls as means of insuring product uniformity，and thus，quality ． 越来越多的公司正在建立自动过程控制系统，作为保证产品稳定，进而保证产品质量的手段。 when the solution in the tank has reached the desired temperature，it is discharged，a new batch of cool solution is added，and the process is repeated. 当罐内溶液达到所需要的温度时，就卸料，装入新的一批冷溶液，于是过程再次重复。 The size of atoms decreases from left to right across a period in the periodic table. For example, on moving from lithium to beryllium, the number of charges on the nucleus is increased by one, so that all the orbital electrons are pulled in closer to the nucleus. 在周期表中，沿着周期表从左到右原子的半径逐渐减小。例如，从锂到铍，核电荷数增加了一个，因此，轨道电子就被吸引得更靠近原子核。 when a negative ion is formed, one or more electrons are added to an atom，the effective nuclear charge is reduced and hence the electron cloud expands. Negative ions are bigger than the corresponding atom. 原子得到一个或多个电子形成负离子，这样有效核电荷数就降低了，电子云扩大，因而负离子的半径大于相应的原子。 In their work they pay much attention to the combination of theory with practice. 工作中，他们很重视理论联系实际。 These operations are used only for solute recovery or solute removal.这些操作仅用于回收或去除溶质。 Acetone is used in the manufacture of different products of industrial importance. 丙酮被用来制造多种重要的工业品 In contrast to inorganic compounds, the molecular attraction of organic compounds is weak, so organic compounds are usually volatile and possess low melting points. 与无机化合物相比，有机化合物的分子间力较弱，因此，有机化合物通常易挥发，熔点低。 The different hydrocarbons in crude oil boil at different temperatures. 原油中不同烃在不同温度下沸腾，从而彼此分离。 The two pairs of electrons of oxygen may be shared with one carbon alone forming a double bond(>C=O), or with two separate
carbons(-C-O-C-), or with one carbon and one hydrogen forming only single bonds(-C-O-H).
氧的两对电子可以和一个碳原子共用形成碳氧双键，也可以分别和两个碳原子形成碳氧碳键，或者和一个碳原子一个氢原子形成碳氧氢键。