被动语态三种形式要点
(一)三种被动语态
一般将来时的被动语态
1.Will / shall + be done
The new film will be shown next Thursday .
2.be going to + be done
The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow .
3.be to + be done
The sports meet is to be held on April 10 .
注意:在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。
If I am given enough time , I will go to Japan for my holiday .
现在完成时的被动语态
has / have + been + done
主动:We have built many houses in the past ten years .
被动:Many houses have been built in the past ten years .
主动:I have given him the book . 被动:He has been given the book . 被动:The book has been given to him. 带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语仍留在原处。原来省略to 的不定式作宾补的,被动语态中要用带to 的不定式。 主动:The boss has made him work hard.
被动:He has been made to work hard .
现在进行时的被动语态
is / am / are + being done
主动:He is broadcasting his speech on the radio
被动:His speech is being broadcast on the radio .
(二)被动语态中应注意的几个问题
1.有些动词和动词短语没有被动形式,也不可用其过去分词作后置定语,如:break out ,belong to , arrive , die , become , disappear , take place , happen 等。
The American Civil War was broken out in 1861.(典型错误)
应改为:The American Civil War broken out in 1861.
The accident happened yesterday
surprised all of us .(典型错误) 应改为:The accident which happened yesterday surprised all of us .
2.动词get , buy , sing , cook , fetch , make , spare , find等主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前加介词for ,其他动词加介词to 。
A present was bought for my best friend .
The gift was given to my best friend .
3.如果被动结构中强调行为的工具或使用的材料,用介词with 。若暗示动作的执行者,则用介词by 。 The tree was cut with an axe .
The floor was swept by someone with a
broom .
4.英语中常出现的people said that ……, they report that …… , they announced ……等结构变为被动语态时,一般用it 作形式主语。 People hope that the number of the Milu deer can be increased soon .
= It is hoped that the number of the Miludeer can be increased soon .