好莱坞荧幕后的美国个人英雄主义文化

好莱坞荧幕后的美国个人英雄主义文化

好莱坞被称为世界电影梦工厂，美国电影中塑造的英雄形象，已经成为世人心中英雄形象的代表。从表面来看，这些电影更像是一种娱乐的商业化形式，但这些电影中无时无刻不在传达着一种美国文化-------个人英雄主义文化价值观。

所谓英雄主义指的是依靠个人力量，脱离群众去完成一些有重大意义的任务。它的原则是个人主义，夸大地强调个人在历史和社会活动中的作用。

一、英雄与美国文化

1．救世主无关身份

基辛格曾经这样说过:“美国人特别欣赏那种一马当先带领车队的牛仔, 那种单枪匹马进入村庄或城镇的牛仔。他可能甚至连一把手枪都没有, 因为他进去不是为了交火”。

美国文化追求民主、自由和个人空间的表现。影片的英雄价值在于不以成败论英雄, 而是一个真正的深入民心的领导式人物的言传身教影响、唤醒周边的人, 引导他们为自由民主而战的独立意识和信念。在西部片的经典之作《关山飞渡》中，在蒙冤入狱的越狱犯的带领下，乘客几经艰险之后终于获得骑兵队解围。家喻户晓的《蜘蛛侠》主人公parker只是一名普通学生，但是当危险降临时他挺身而出。美国电影中不乏小人物拯救大世界的例子。 美国早期移民恐惧生存环境的变化和所面对的新的人文观念，从而期待那些自由、完美的英雄的产生。美国人的个人英雄主义就是一个救世主的出现, 而这个救世主承载了对世界和平的希望、对灾难的降服。这是西方文化观的体现, 追求个人的幸福和自由, 期盼救世主的出现拯救世界。因为需要平等、自由，所以救世主又是一个有血有肉的人甚至是小人物。

2.英雄必有强敌

每一个耳熟能详的英雄都有强大的敌人，在战胜敌人的过程中，英雄总是陷入孤身奋战的环境，并绝境逢生。这是美国人心中的英雄模式, 一个人独当一面, 去揭开一场残酷的阴谋, 维护自身的清白与利益。电影中的反派往往很可怕，他们所表现出来的人性的扭曲、人格的变态归根结底就是人性的危机。充分显示出美国人对自己生存状态以及生存环境的忧虑, 对人性危机的恐惧。

3.英雄需要衬托

英雄往往需要激发，而女性通常扮演这一角色。因为女性的弱小形象, 恰好体现了英雄的高大与力量。《蝙蝠侠》中，蝙蝠侠因为心爱女性的死而更冷静的对待小丑，猫女在蝙蝠侠的影响下从小偷转变为一起拯救人民。《拯救大兵瑞恩》就是为了一个母亲的愿望, 而牺牲了

一群英雄

正是因为这样,才反应出英雄的无畏与人性的光辉。

二、总结：

平等和个人主义等常常被冠以美国社会最为显著的特征。作为美国传统文化的重要组成部分，个人英雄主义源于初期美国移民对其个人存在及个人自由的追求。个人英雄主义是美国活力的源泉，是其主流社会重要的基本的信念和社会共识，人们不相信眼泪，不相信宿命，他们坚信生活要靠自己去创造，梦想的实现要靠自己去奋斗。个人英雄主义是美国精神的重要组成部分。美国精神的内容非常丰富，个人主义、平等观念、乐观进取、求实创新等美国民族精神对美国民族的形成与发展发挥着独特

三、反思：

电影本身作为一种商品，本身并不代表一定的社会价值观念，但是透过电影本身，我们仍能发现它背后带有的强烈的意识理念。从某种程度上说，美式个人英雄主义具有一

定的积极意义，但当前的好莱坞电影塑造了太多的英雄，其中夹带着的崇尚暴力、反社会秩序的因素，我们也要认识其根本面目，这样才能更好的了解美国文化。

【参考文献】

【1】 张文星：好莱坞电影中的个人英雄主义，电影文学2013（2）

【2】 齐 瑾：从好莱坞电影看美国的个人英雄主义价值观，安顺学院学报，2009年2月

【3】 陈倩茜、蒋天晨：简述美国电影英雄主义情结及英雄模型，电影理论，2013 年第

23 期、24 期合刊总第483 期

【4】 史莹娟：美国英雄电影的文化透析，电影文学2010（21）

From Hollywood to see American culture of individual heroism

Hollywood is known as the world movie dream factory, Image of the hero in Hollywood has become a representative of the hero image of the world. From the surface, the film is more like an Entertaining and commercialized forms, but these films are constantly conveys a kind of American culture ------- individual heroism cultural values.

The so-called heroism refers to rely on personal power to accomplish some significant tasks from the masses. It is the principle of individualism, which emphasizes the role of the individual in the history and social activities.

1. Hero and American culture

(1) everybody is a savior

Henry Kissinger once said: Americans like the cowboy who leads the wagon train by riding ahead alone on his horse, the cowboy who rides all alone into the town, the village, with his horse and nothing else. American culture in the pursuit of democracy, freedom and personal space .The hero in the film has no success or failure, but a real deep and popular leader with

action to wake up the surrounding people, and guide them to fight for freedom and democracy of the independent consciousness and faith. In “Stagecoach”, under the leadership of the escaped prisoner, passengers finally escape the danger. Spider man Parker is just an ordinary student, but when the danger comes, he stepped forward. There is no lack of small figures in American movies to save the big world.

The change of the living environment of the early immigrants in the United States and the new humanistic ideas need to face. The people are looking forward to the freedom and the perfect hero. The American's personal heroism is the appearance of a savior, and the Savior of the world bearing the to world peace, hope, to the disaster resistance. This is the embodiment of the Western cultural values, the pursuit of personal happiness and freedom, and hope to save the world from the appearance of the savior. Because of the need for equality and freedom, so the Savior is a true to life people or even a small figure.

(2) Heroes have powerful enemies

Every familiar hero have a powerful enemy, in defeating the enemy, heroes are always caught in the fighting environment alone and life. It is a pattern of hero in the hearts of Americans, a personal endeavor, to uncover a cruel conspiracy, maintain their innocence and interests. The villain in the movie is always very terrible, they demonstrated the distortion of human nature and personality of metamorphosis in the final analysis is the crisis of human nature. Fully shows that Americans are worried about their living conditions and living environment.

(3) Heroes need to be set off

Heroes often need to be inspired, and women usually play this role. Because of the weak image of women, just reflects the hero's tall and strength. In “Batman”, Batman because of the death of a loved one and treat joker calmly, Catwoman in Batman transition from a thief for together to save the people. "Saving Private Ryan" is to a mother's wishes, at the expense of a group of Heroes

It is because of this that only reflects the hero's fearless and the glory of human nature. Equality and individualism are often the most notable features of American society.

2. Conclusion

Equality and individualism are often the most notable features of American society. As an important part of the traditional culture, individual heroism source in the United States in the early immigrants to the individual existence and individual freedom pursuit. Personal heroism is the source of vitality of the United States, Personal heroism is the source of vitality of the United States, is the mainstream of society, is an important basic beliefs and social consensus, people do not believe in tears, do not believe in fate, they believe that life to rely on themselves to create Personal heroism is an important part of the American spirit. The spirit of the United States is very rich in content, individualism, equality, optimism, innovation and other national spirit of the United States and the formation and development of the United States play a unique.

2. Reflection

The film itself as a commodity, itself does not represent a certain social value, but through the film itself, we can still find it with a strong sense of consciousness behind. From a certain extent, American individualism has certain positive significance, but the Hollywood movie created too much of the hero and the entrainment of advocating violence, antisocial order factors, we also need to know the fundamental features, so as to better understanding of American culture.

【参考文献】

【5】 张文星：好莱坞电影中的个人英雄主义，电影文学2013（2）

【6】 齐 瑾：从好莱坞电影看美国的个人英雄主义价值观，安顺学院学报，2009年2月

【7】 陈倩茜、蒋天晨：简述美国电影英雄主义情结及英雄模型，电影理论，2013 年第

23 期、24 期合刊总第483 期

【8】 史莹娟：美国英雄电影的文化透析，电影文学2010（21）