浅谈博物馆教育职能的有效发挥

博物馆是一种对自然和人类文化遗产进行展示和分类场所，民众可以通过参加博物馆而获得相关的知识以及相应的审美能力。博物馆的性质不是营利性的。它对于民众是免费开放的，它的主要作用是对民众进行教育以及宣传文化等，并不是对民众进行收费而存在的。博物馆的作用还有对历史文物或有价值的东西进行保留。要想博物馆的教育职能得到最大限度的发挥，需要对现在博物馆运营方式进行一些改动，把那些不合适的方式去除。

1.我国博物馆存在的问题

1.1主题缺乏创新和活力

我国博物馆有着各种主题，如历史，绘画，爱国等等，但是这些主题太为老套，许多的民众都已经对此免疫，觉得没什么兴趣，所以很多的博物馆根本就吸引不了观众。同时，博物馆长期的保持一种状态和主题，不进行改变，就会让民众觉得乏味。如一些历史博物馆，只是简单的将一些历史物品进行分类，展出及说明，时间长了，民众就会产生审美疲劳，同时，单一的物品展出和说明对于观众来说太乏味，不会再有看下去的兴趣。还有就是很多的博物馆因为历史展品不够，就只能用文字等的代替，更是让民众的兴趣降到了最低。而一些科学博物馆，不进行定时的更新，一直对之前的物品进行展出，也不会吸引更多的观众。博物馆主体缺乏创新和活力，这是大部分博物馆的通病。

1.2存在很多方面的制约

博物馆的展览存在很多的限制，如有的博物馆并不是免费的，这就让民众是否去博物馆有一种负担。而有的博物馆还有时间限制，一般来说博物馆展出的东西是十分繁多的，在短暂的时间内根本就不可能看完所有的东西，于是观众就只好大致浏览一遍，有的甚至只是走马观花一遍，这就得不偿失了，因为民众根本就没有完全掌握这些东西，只是有一个模糊的影响。而这样的话，不仅浪费了时间，民众也没学到什么，大大减弱了博物馆的教育职能。同时，博物馆还存在对观看对象的限制，因为博物馆的内容和性质不同，使得很多的博物馆有了限制，如有的科学博物馆内容太过深奥，于是就只有学生或学者们进行参观。所以博物馆要对此作出相关的调整，根据人群的不同来设计展出的东西，使更多的人能够通过博物馆学到自己想要的东西。还有，博物馆的一个限制就是，展出方式过于单一乏味，一般都是在橱窗或者玻璃墙之后，这会让群众的兴趣下降，群众会产生单调乏味等的想法。

1.3工作人员的讲解质量问题

博物馆最重要的宣传展示方式还有工作人员的讲解，人们可以根据听讲解员的解说对相关历史和物品有一个更加深刻而具体的了解。然而现在博物馆讲解人员的讲解质量却很低下，讲解内容千篇一律，枯燥乏味，使得很多的民众对讲解根本就提不起兴趣。讲解员的讲解一板一眼，没有任何的闪光点。

2.加强博物馆教育职能的具体方法

2.1.改进物品陈列方式

现在的博物馆的物品陈列方式太过单一，大部分都是玻璃窗，文字等的展览，这样太过

于古板。所以博物馆应该改进物品陈列方式，可以采用一些现代化的技术对物品进行展示，设计不同类型的展示台，加入一些其他的元素，使得展示台更加的充满活力与动感，不会再显得单一。如加入LED灯等使得物品展示更加的多样化和充满变化。而陈列设计也要根据物品特点的不同而进行不同的设计，而不是简单随意的摆放，这样会大大削弱物品自身的特点和魅力。同时，还可以设计一些动态的展示方式，使得文物得到全方面的展示，也增加了民众的兴趣。

2.2.增强讲解人员的素质和能力

博物馆的一个重要改进就是加强讲解人员的讲解能力和素质，从而提高讲解质量。讲解员不能一直讲相同的东西，而是要懂得添加一些有趣的东西和故事进去，引经据典，幽默搞笑，才会极大限度的吸引观众的视线。博物馆可以通过鼓励讲解人员进行主动学习，让他们掌握比较丰富的历史专业知识，还要进行专业培训，使其更加了解历史和文物，这样才能在讲解过程中有更多的素材。因为观众的文化素养和知识等的差距，所以讲解员要根据不同类型不同层次的参观者，讲解不同侧重点的内容，做到能深能浅、能长能短、随机应变，尽量满足不同层次参观者的需求，你若是对着普通民众讲解高深的科学原理，他们肯定听不懂，也就不会产生兴趣。

2.3.运用现代高科技方式对物品进行展示

在对物品等进行展示时，我们可以运用一些高科技的现代技术，如幻灯片，图片，或者是制作一个小动画，小视屏等，吸引更多的观众来观看。在展示的过程中要注意突出重点展示物品，着重对此物品进行讲解和展出，使得群众对此有更深刻的了解。同时，还可以让民众亲自去感受这些文物和精品，如对于戏曲等，不只是展出戏服和介绍起源发展，还可以安排真正的该戏曲让民众去欣赏。

3.结语

博物馆的职能是无可替代的，它最重要的一个作用就是对社会民众进行教育，提升他们的文化素养，同时也是一个供民众娱乐的场所。为了让博物馆的作用有一个很好的发展，就必须改变现有的博物馆展示模式，通过对博物馆运行模式的不断改善，从而使得博物馆更加的符合教育这一意义。民众通过参观博物馆，在潜移默化中学到知识，实现自我同化。博物馆要想吸引更多的民众进入博物馆，就必须要从展示方法，讲解内容等多个方面入手，使其更符合观众的口味

Museum is a kind of natural and human cultural heritage sites to display and classification, the people can participate in the museum to obtain relevant knowledge and the corresponding aesthetic ability. The nature of the museum is not profitable. It is free and open to the public, its main role is to educate the public and promote culture, etc., is not the existence of the public charges. The role of the museum as well as the value of the historical heritage of the things to keep. In order to maximize the educational functions of the museum, it is necessary to make some changes in the way of operation of the museum.

1 problems in the Museum of China

1.1 lack of innovation and vitality

The museum has a variety of topics, such as history, painting, patriotism and so on, but these themes too old-fashioned, many people have this immunity, think nothing of interest, so a lot of Museum simply attract the audience. At the same time, the museum has long maintained a state and theme, do not change, it will make people feel boring. Such as some historical museum, just www.jich.net www.boxuelun.com www.huayueting1.com simple will classify some historical items, display and description, a long time, people will produce aesthetic fatigue. At the same time, single goods display and for the audience too boring, no longer look down the interest. There are a lot of the museum because of the history of the exhibits is not enough, it can only be replaced by words, but also to let the people's interest to the lowest. And some science museum, not for regular updates, has been on display before the items, but also will not attract more viewers. Museum of the lack of innovation and vitality of the main body, which is a common problem in most museums.

1.2 there are many aspects of the constraints

Museum of the exhibition there are many restrictions, such as some museums are not free, which allows people to go to the museum there is a burden. And some museums and time limit, the things on display at the museum in general is very different, in a short time wouldn't be watching everything. So the audience had to skim over, and some are even only a cursory glance again, this was not lost on the claim the, because people are simply not fully grasp these things, just a an ambiguous effect. In this case, not only a waste of time, people have not learned anything, greatly weakened the educational functions of the museum. At the same time, the museum also has to watch the object constraints, because of the different content and nature of the museum, making many museums have limits, such as some science museum are too deep, so only the students or scholars to visit. So the museum to make relevant adjustments, according to the different groups of people to design and display things, so that more people can learn what they want through the museum. Also, a limit is that the museum, the exhibition is too monotonous, usually in the window or glass wall, which will allow the masses of interest, the masses will have the idea of monotonous and so on.

1.3 staff to explain the quality of the problem

The most important way to display the museum's propaganda staff to explain, people can listen to the interpretation of the interpretation of the relevant history and articles have a more profound and specific understanding. However, now the museum to explain the quality of the staff is very low, to explain the content of the same, boring, so many people are not interested in explaining the basic. Instructors explain every rhythm without any flash point.

2 strengthen the specific methods of museum education function

2.1. to improve the display of items

Now in the Museum of the items on display method is too single, most of them are glass window and the text of the exhibition, so too stuffy. So the museum should improvement items display mode, some modern technology can be used to display items of, different types of display design, adding some other elements, the showcase more vibrant and dynamic, no longer appears to be single. Such as the addition of LED lights and other items to show a more diverse and full of change.www.yulematou.com www.14se.net www.gpsdvd.cn Display design also according to the characteristics of the different characteristics of the design, rather than simple and arbitrary display, this will greatly weaken the characteristics and charm of the item itself. At the same time, we can also design a number of dynamic display, so that all aspects of the display of cultural relics,

but also increased the interest of the people.

2.2. to enhance the quality and ability of the staff to explain

An important improvement of the museum is to enhance the ability to explain and explain the quality of personnel, so as to improve the quality of the explanation. Instructors can't always say the same thing, but to know how to add some interesting things and stories into, citing the funny humor, will greatly limit the attract the audience's sight. Museums can by encouraging staff explained to active learning, to enable them to grasp the rich professional knowledge of history, but also for professional training, make it a better understanding of the historical and cultural relics, so as to explain more of the material in the process. Because the audience's cultural literacy and knowledge gap, so instructors should according to the different levels of visitors, to explain the different emphasis, so deep to shallow, long to short, resourcefulness, and try to meet the needs of different levels of visitors, if you are on a ordinary people to explain the profound scientific theories, they certainly don't understand, not interest.