老托福阅读真题PASSAGE91
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老托福阅读真题PASSAGE91
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既然老托福阅读试题有这样的效果,那我们如何利用那有限的真题来达到锻炼自己的目的呢?事实上这就一个办法,就是坚持。本期为大家推荐老托福阅读的真题PASSAGE91,有原文及答案,希望对托福考生备考有所帮助。
Thetermartdecohascometoencompassthreedistinctbutrelateddesigntrendsofthe1920'sand1930's.Thefirstwaswhatisfrequentlyreferredtoaszigzagmoderne—theexoticallyornamentalstyleofsuchskyscrapersastheChryslerBuildinginNewYorkCityandrelatedstructuressuchastheParamountTheaterinOakland,California.Thewordzigzagalludestothegeometricandstylizedornamentationofzigzags,angularpatterns,abstractedplantandanimalmotifs,sunbursts,astrologicalimagery,formalizedfountains,andrelatedthemesthatwereappliedinmosaicrelief,andmuralformtotheexteriorandinteriorofthebuildings.Manyofthesebuildingswereshapedinthezigguratform,adesignresemblinganancientMesopotamiantempletowerthatrecedesinprogressivelysmallerstagestothesummit,creatingastaircase-likeeffect.
Thesecondmanifestationofartdecowasthe1930'sstreamlinedmodernestyle—aFuturistic-lookingaerodynamicstyleofroundedcornersandhorizontalbandsknownasspeedstripes.Inarchitecture,theseelementswerefrequentlyaccompaniedbyroundwindows,extensiveuseofglassblock,andflatrooftops.
Thethirdstyle,referredtoaseitherinternationalstrippedclassicism,orsimplyclassicalmoderne,alsocametotheforefrontduringtheDepression,aperiodofsevereeconomicdifficultinthe1930's.Thiswasamoreconservativestyle,blendingasimplifiedmodernisticstylewithamoreaustereformofgeometricandstylizedreliefsculptureand
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otherornament,includinginteriormurals.ManybuildingsinthisstylewereerectednationwidethroughgovernmentprogramsduringtheDepression.
Althoughartdecoinitsmanyformswaslargelyperceivedasthoroughlymodern,itwasstronglyinfluencedbythedecorativeartsmovementsthatimmediatelyprecededit.Forexample,likeartnouveau(1890-1910),artdecoalsousedplantmotifs,butregularizedtheformsintoabstractedrepetitivepatternsratherthanpresentingthemasflowing,asymmetricalfoliage,liketheViennesecraftspeopleoftheWienerWerkstatte,artdecodesignersworkedwithexoticmaterials,geometricizedshapes,andcolorfullyornatepatterns.Furthermore,liketheartisansoftheArtsandCraftsMovementinEnglandandtheUnitedStates,artdecopractitionersconsideredittheirmissiontotransformthedomesticenvironmentthroughwell-designedfurnitureandhouseholdaccessories.
1.Whataspectofartdecodoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(A)Theinfluenceofartdecoonthedesignoffurnitureandhouseholdaccessories
(B)Waysinwhichgovernmentprogramsencouragedthedevelopmentofartdeco
(C)Architecturalmanifestationsofartdecoduringthe1920'sand1930's
(D)ReasonsforthepopularityofartdecoinNewYorkandCalifornia
2.Thewordencompassinline1isclosestinmeaningto
(A)separate
(B)include
(C)replace
(D)enhance
3.ThephraseThefirstinline2refersto
(A)thetermartdeco
(B)designtrends
(C)the1920'sand1930's
(D)skyscrapers
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4.Inline9,theauthormentionsanancientMesopotamiantempletowerinorderto
(A)describetheexteriorshapeofcertainartdecobuildings
(B)explainthedifferencesbetweenancientandmodernarchitecturalsteles
(C)emphasizetheextentofarchitecturaladvances
(D)argueforareturntomoretraditionalarchitecturaldesign
5.ThestreamlinedmodernestyleischaracterizedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT
(A)animalmotifs
(B)flatroofs
(C)roundwindows
(D)speedstripes
6.Thephrasecametotheforefrontinline16isclosestinmeaningto
(A)grewincomplexity
(B)wentthroughaprocess
(C)changeditsapproach
(D)becameimportant
7.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestherelationshipbetweenartdecoandartnouveau?
(A)TheywereartformsthatcompetedwitheachotherforgovernmentsupportduringtheDepressionera.
(B)Theywereessentiallythesameartform.
(C)Artnouveauprecededartdecoandinfluencedit.
(D)ArtdecobecameimportantintheUnitedStateswhileartnouveaubecamepopularinEngland.
8.Accordingtothepassage,abuildinghavinganespeciallyornateappearancewouldmostprobablyhavebeendesignedinthestyleof
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(A)zigzagmoderne
(B)streamlinedmoderne
(C)classicalmoderne
(D)theArtsandCraftsMovement
9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdesigntrendsisknownbymorethanonename?
(A)Zigzagmoderne
(B)Streamlinedmoderne
(C)Internationalstrippedclassicism
(D)ArtsandCraftsMovement
10.Thepassageisprimarilydevelopedas
(A)thehistoricalchronologyofamovement
(B)adescriptionofspecificbuildingsthatbecamefamousfortheirunusualbeauty
(C)ananalysisofvarioustrendswithinanartisticmovement
(D)anargumentoftheadvantagesofoneartisticformoveranother
参考答案:CBBAADCACC
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