论说文-道理论证型英语作文

论说文 – 道理论证型

1. 什么是道理论证型

道理论证型论说文是对某一观点、哲理、谚语或名言进行分析和论证。它与对立观点型论说文的最大区别在于前者通常是就某一个明确的观点进行分析和论证，而后者针对两个对立的观点进行对比论证，由作者在最后表明自己的立场。这种类型的作文提纲一般为：

第一段：开篇引出题目要求评论的观点，并给出自己的看法；

第二段：详细阐述这些看法的立足理由及其优劣之处；

第三段：总结并给出自己的见解。

从历年真题作文的命题来看，道理论证型论说文出现频率不高，但命题比较多变，比较具有挑战性。从01年到11年的25套真题作文中，道理论证型的题目出现了2次，所占比例为8%。以下表格里列举了属于道理论证型议论文的真题题目：

2. 模板学习

模板一：论证观点或道理

It is well known thatThe truth of it is self-evident. No one can deny. Therefore, 证明观点的正确性.

Many examples can be found to prove点. Take提出具体的例子as a typical example. People人们的习惯做法. Furthermore, 其他相关的事实. It goes without saying that 的正确性. There is no doubt that 得出结论.

In conclusion,

模板二：论证谚语或引言

谚语或引言 ------a proverb full of logic, has been generally accepted. It tells us that 义.

A case in point is 全能, and it could only be achieved through 谚语或引言的核心观点. 反面事例 is another typical example. Some students . However, We must Judging from the examples given above, we may safely come to the conclusion that. One should 的正确性, otherwise 坚持错误做法的负面效果.

3. 真题演练

1) (2011年12月) For this part, you are allowed 30

minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying,

审题谋篇

较2011年6月的四级题目——―网络购物的利弊‖，今年12月的题目——―Nothing succeeds without a strong will‖令人着实捉摸不透。题目竟然没有中文提纲(写作提示)，这另之前准备了三段论写作的同学们郁闷不已——当然，这篇没有中文提纲的作文还是可以按照三段论写。

除去写作的结构不说，这篇文章的题材和内容都是相当地令人陌生，而这也体现了两点命题思路：一、2011年6月份网络购物利弊的这篇题目过于简单，常见，容易被押题，因此今年的作文题目当然波动性地出现难度上升;二，反押题精神，今年并没有考到之前大热的―酒驾安全问题‖、―明星选秀问题‖等等。

本文的整体内容可以分为三段，中心应该围绕―where there is a will, there is a way‖，首段可以通过―戒烟很简单，但是不坚持，也是不能成功的‖得出―万事都需要坚持‖，从而确定整篇文章的中心论点。

第二段主要应聚焦于论证―意志坚定的人才能够完成伟大的使命‖，可以通过以下几个句子，如

第三段论证―学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才‖，此段可以将文章的中心议题和大学生的生活贴近，联系学生自己的日常生活，从而更具现实性和普遍性，学生也可以从中得出―学习并非坦途，需要坚持不懈的努力‖。

Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will

There is an old saying: where there is a will, there is a way. It tells us that a strong will is the most essential quality for anyone who wants to achieve success. It can contribute a lot to one’s success.

Although ―All roads lead to Rome‖, none of them is completely smooth. Our life is filled with obstacles which may make us feel so hopeless that we may choose to give up. At the crucial moment, strong will helps a lot. As a matter of fact, the ability to work through difficult situation and

unfortunate events with strong will can make one stronger and more capable. In other words, if we want to realize life’s goal, we must keep forging ahead with strong consciousness.

From what has been discussed above, we can see that the establishment of tough determination is of great importance to everyone. With a strong will, including our knowledge, we will be able to deal with any situation in our life. Whatever we do, as long as we stick to and do not give up easily, we will realize the goal at last.

2) (2003年1月) Directions: For this part, you are allowed

thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.

1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象

2. 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实

审题谋篇

从两段式提纲可以判断本次作文属于道理论证型议论文。

第一段:阐述一种社会现象并由此引出一个道理；第二段：采用原因分析法或举例法来论证观点；第三段：总结全篇，深化主题。

It Pays to Be Honest

Along with the development of the society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that more dishonest people appear. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.

Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won’t buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison.

By contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such people are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can reach the conclusion that anyone who is honest will be rewarded later.

In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. So it

is important that we should be honest.

4. 模拟演练

1) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to

write a short essay on the topic of Humor. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1) 幽默的重要性

2) 幽默对身心健康及人际关系的积极作用

3) 因此……

It is well-known that a sense of humor is God’s gift to mankind. For example, a humorous person is often popular with his friends and colleagues. And it is born within everyone’s heart. What’s more, it has to be developed. Even humor has to be cultivated with great efforts.

However, some people haven’t realized the benefit of humor to us in many respects. First of all, humor can help us maintain physical as well as mental well being.

Meanwhile, it can help us live in harmony with others. And when we have misunderstandings with others in our

work or study, humor may ease the problems more quickly than angry words or quarrels. Therefore, a sense of humor is really one of the keys to happiness.

In a word, humor gives us great enjoyment to life and makes it worth living. It pays to be humorous.

2) Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes

to write a composition on the topic Relationship Between Teacher and Students. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese：

1) 良好的师生关系对于教和学都很重要

2) 理想的师生关系要靠双方的共同努力

3) 如果出现不愉快，双方应以友好的方式解决

It is well-known that a good relationship between teacher and students is essential to teaching and learning. In the first place, teacher’s teaching achieves the desired results. In the second place, students can do well in their studies. On both occasions, teachers and students can cooperate well with a good relationship.

Nevertheless, this ideal relationship depends on the mutual efforts of both sides. Some people find teacher and

students should try to understand each other. For one thing, students should respect their teachers and what their teachers do for them. For another, teachers should also be kind, patient and impartial to all the students.

As a matter of fact, sometimes things are not so simple; unhappy misunderstandings may arise now and then. First of all, both sides should make efforts to remove them. In addition, they can explain what they think to each other and learn to think more for other people. Therefore, if both sides treat each other in a friendly way, misunderstandings will be easily cleared up.

3) Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to

write a composition on the topic Please Be Punctual. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

1. 不遵守时间有什么危害；

1. 遵守时间是对自己和他人的尊敬，也会赢得他人的尊敬；

2. 大学生应该从自身做起。

With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, time is treasured by an increasing number of people. However,

many young people attach little importance to punctuality, which, in my opinion, will give rise to many problems.

First, you may impress other people as unreliable and dishonest. When you are late for a job interview, the boss may refuse to give you the chance since people tend to assume that if you cannot fulfill your promise, you have no sense of responsibility and can do nothing well. Second, others may think that you show no respect to them. If you are late for an appointment, the person you keep waiting may think that the appointment is of no importance to you and you are a person who is not considerate of other's time.

Therefore, university students should learn that punctuality is a good habit. Being punctual, you are showing respect to others and, in return, you will win others' respect and trust.

4) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes

to write a composition based on the proverb ―Children are what the mothers are‖. You should write at least 150 words, and write your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 阐明此谚语的含义

2. 说明此现象的原因

3. 谚语给予的启示

Some people say ―Children are what the mothers are.‖ Literally it means the mothers have great influence on their children. Actually, here the mothers refer to not only mothers and fathers, but all the people surrounding us, who play very important roles in the education of the kids.

According to some researches, daily life affects kids enormously. Parents are the best teachers of their children, whose daily behavior and mind have a great effect on their kids. So it is unsurprising that children often reflect their parents like a mirror, and sometimes people even can tell who their parents are without knowing them before. It is true of teachers, friends, and the people the kids contact in daily life.

So it is important for parents to make sure that people around the kids are the ones of good qualities, such as honesty, responsibility, patience and outstanding abilities.

5) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes

to write a composition based on the proverb ―Haste Makes Waste‖. You should write at least 150 words,

and write your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 为什么说―欲速则不达‖

2. 试举例说明

―Haste makes waste‖--- a proverb full of logic, has been generally accepted. It tells us that we have to do some steady and down-to-earth work if we want to accomplish something.

A case in point is basketball-playing. Nobody is born to be an outstanding basketball-player, and it could only be achieved through relentless efforts and countless falls and injuries. Every Chinese was thrilled when Yao Ming was hailed in the NBA games, but who knew that difficulties and hardships he had undergone.

English study is typical of matters calling for our patience. Some students spare no efforts in finding a shortcut to English learning. However, such hasty action unexceptionally invites failure and frustration. We must enhance our overall English skills, such as speaking, listening, reading and writing, step by step and under a guidance of a detailed plan.

Judging from the examples given above, we may safely

come to the conclusion that haste will cause a great loss. One should do everything patiently and advance step by step, otherwise he will suffer a setback.

附加练习题目

Topic 1: Wealth and Happiness

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Wealth and Happiness. Nowadays, many people pay any price to attain greater wealth which is assumed to guarantee happiness. Please discuss the phenomenon and state your own views. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Topic 2: Ideals

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Ideals. Please comment the significance of ideals and state your own ideal. You should write at least 150 words.

Topic 3: Competition

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short

essay entitled Competition. Please comment the significance of competition and state your own view. You should write at least 150 words.

Topic 4: Should Students Be Skeptical about What’s Taught

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Students Be Skeptical about What’s Taught. You should write at least 150 words based on the following outline given in Chinese.

1. 中国学生在课堂上往往缺乏怀疑精神

2. 我认为怀疑精神是一种可贵的学术精神

Topic 5: Health and Life

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Health and Life

As the saying goes, you don’t know what happiness is until you lose it, you don’t know what health is until you are ill. ―Health is of vital importance to life‖ sounds like a cliché(陈词滥调)to everyone, but it is absolutely true.

The negligence of the balance of your body and soul, the harmful habits such as smoking, excessive drinking and

burning mid-night oil will catch up with you someday. How many big plans are interrupted by bad health! Even a normal life is unimaginable without the guarantee of health.

How to keep fit is an eternal topic of diversity and controversy. Regardless of all the different suggestions poured from all kinds of sources, one should do at least two things for him/herself. First, hold an active and optimistic attitude toward life and maintain a mental well-being. Second, live a regular life and keep a balanced diet. Anyway, a healthy life is within reach when you begin to adjust your mind and body.

[写作内容]

1. 概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30词左右；

2. 就―健康与生活‖这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下的内容要点，该部分的字数大约120词左右:

a）举例说明健康的重要性；

b）你是怎样平衡健康、工作和生活的。

c）你的忠告是什么？

[写作要求]

你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。

[评分标准]

概括的准确性、语言的规范性、内容的合适性以及篇章的连贯性。

5. 亮点句型

引出主题，阐明观点

1. It is true that nowadays we often… However, we

should still value… In my opinion,…

2. It is generally accepted that… The truth is deep and

profound. As we know,…

3. It is well known that… The truth of it is self-evident.

No one can deny that… Therefore,…

4. ―…‖--- a proverb full of logic, has been generally

accepted. It tells us that…

5. Some people say ―...‖ Literally, it means…

6. There is an old saying: … It tells us that…

介绍事例，逐条论述

1. My reasons can be listed as follows. Firstly, …

Secondly, …Thirdly,…

2. There are numerous examples supporting this

argument. A case in point is… For another example,… Moreover,…

3. Many remarkable facts contribute to the argument.

First of all, … What’s more,… Besides,…

4. Many cases have proved the truth that…

5. The experience/ story of sb. can illustrate the point

completely.

6. The following factors may illustrate the point

completely/ clearly.

重申观点，得出结论

1.

2. There is no doubt that … Therefore, … All mentioned above tell us that… Therefore, we can

reasonably conclude that…

3.

4. It goes without saying that… Therefore,… Judging from the examples given above, we may safely

come to the conclusion that…

5. From what has been discussed above, we can see

that … is of great importance to everyone.

常见谚语、名人名言

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.

阅读使人充实，交谈使人敏捷，写作使人严谨。

Everyone has to lay the foundations of his success by study and hard work.

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。

Live and learn.

生命不息，勤学不止。

The more you study, the more you will find yourself ignorant.

你学得越多，就发现自己越无知。

Learning without thought is labor lost.

学而不思则罔。

Pain past is pleasure.

过去的痛苦即快乐。

All things are difficult before they are easy.

凡事必先难后易。

Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.

心之所愿，无事不成。

Where there is life, there is hope.

一希若存，希望不灭。

Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness. 与其诅咒黑暗，不如燃起蜡烛。

The shortest answer is doing.

最简短的回答就是行动。

All things in their being are good for something.

天生我才必有用。

Difficult circumstances serve as a textbook of life for people.

困难坎坷是人们的生活教科书。

Failure is the mother of success.

失败乃成功之母。

The good seaman is known in bad weather.

惊涛骇浪，方显英雄本色。

A thousand-li journey is started by taking the first step. 千里之行，始于足下。

Man struggles upwards; water flows downwards.

人往高处走，水往低处流。

If winter comes, can spring be far behind? (P. B. Shelley , British poet )

冬天来了，春天还会远吗？( 英国诗人, 雪莱. P. B.)

If you doubt yourself, then indeed you stand on shaky ground.(Ibsen , Norwegian dramatist )

如果你怀疑自己，那么你的立足点确实不稳固了。 (挪威剧作家 易卜生)

Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. (Davy de La Pailleterie, French Writer)

生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。 (法国作家 大仲马.

A.)

The man with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds. (Mark Twain, American writer)

具有新想法的人在其想法实现之前是个怪人。 (美国作家 马克 吐温)

The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today. (Franklin Roosevelt, American president)

实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。 (美国总统 罗斯福. F.)

Towering genius disdains a beaten path. It seeks regions hitherto unexplored. --Lincoln

卓越的天才不屑走旁人走过的路。他寻找迄今未开拓的地区。-- 林肯

There is no such thing as a great talent without great will - power. -- Balzac

没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。 -- 巴尔扎克

Fear not that the life shall come to an end, but rather fear that it shall never have a beginning. --J.H. Newman

不要害怕你的生活将要结束，应该担心你的生活永远不会真正开始。 -- 纽曼

An aim in life is the only fortune worth finding. -- Robert Louis Stevenson

生活的目标，是唯一值得寻找的财富。-- 史蒂文森

Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. -- A. Einstein

不要为成功而努力，要为做一个有价值的人而努力。 -- 爱因斯坦

You have to believe in yourself. That's the secret of success. -- Charles Chaplin

人必须有自信，这是成功的秘密。 -- 卓别林

We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope. -- Mattin Luther King

我们必须接受失望，因为它是有限的，但千万不可失去希望，因为它是无穷的。 -- 马丁 • 路德 • 金

Energy and persistence conquer all things. -- Benjamin Franklin

能量加毅力可以征服一切。 -- 富兰克林

Cease to struggle and you cease to live. -- Thomas Carlyle 生命不止，奋斗不息。 -- 卡莱尔

He who seize the right moment, is the right man. -- Goethe

谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。 -- 歌德

Victory won't come to me unless I go to it. -- M. Moore 胜利是不会向我们走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。 -- 穆尔

A man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame somebody else. -- J. Burroughs

一个人可以失败很多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人，他还不是一个失败者。 -- 巴勒斯