法语-8代词-直宾代词

直宾代词

A direct object is a noun following the verb that answers the questions 'what?' or 'whom?' Remember a pronoun replaces a noun, and in this case the noun is a direct object. For example, Tammy might ask: 'Tex, will you kiss me tonight?', where the direct object pronoun 'me' stands for Tammy. Whether a verb takes a direct object or not depends on whether the specific verb is transitive or intransitive.

1. forms and uses（形式和用法）

direct object pronouns

me, me nous, we/us

te, you vous, you

le, him/it les, them (masc./fem.)

la, her/it

In front of a word starting with a vowel, le and la become l'; me becomes m'; te becomes t'.

Tammy: Dis, tu m'appelles ce soir, Tex?

Tammy: Say, will you call me tonight, Tex?

Tex: Oui, ma belle, je t'appelle ce soir.

Tex: Yes, beautiful, I will call you tonight.

Corey: Edouard et moi, tu nous appelles ce soir, Tex?

Corey: Edouard and me, will you call us tonight, Tex?

Tex: Non, je ne vous appelle pas ce soir.

Tex: No, I will not call you guys tonight.

Joe-Bob: Moi, je peux les appeler ce soir!

Joe-Bob: I can call them tonight!

Direct object pronouns in French agree in number and gender with the nouns they replace.

Tex cherche le numéro de tél éphone de Tammy. Enfin il le trouve et il l'appelle.

Tex looks for Tammy's phone number. Finally he finds it and he calls her.

Joe-Bob cherche les numéros d'Edouard et de Corey. Enfin il les trouve et

il les appelle.

Joe-Bob looks for Edouard and Corey's phone numbers. Finally he finds them and he calls them.

Note that le/l' can replace an adjective or a verb.

Tex et Tammy sont amoureux? Oui, ils le sont.

Tex and Tammy are in love? Yes, they are.

Tex est quelquefois jaloux? Oui, il l'est.

Tex is sometimes jealous? Yes, he is.

Joe-Bob: Tu veux que j'appelle Tammy?

Joe-Bob: Do you want me to call Tammy?

Tex: Non, moi, je vais le faire.

Tex: No, I'll do it.

2. placement（位置）

Direct object pronouns precede the verb of which they are the object. In a composed tense (like the passé composé), the pronoun precedes the auxiliary. In infinitive constructions, the pronoun goes immediately before the infinitive. When the conjugated verb is negative, the ne precedes the object pronoun.

（动词之前，在复合时态中，放在助动词之前，在不定式结构中，放在不定式之前 否定式中，ne 放在宾语代词前面）

Tammy: Tex m'aime.

Tammy: Tex loves me.

Bette: Tex ne t'aime pas.

Bette: Tex does not love you.

Tammy: Tex va m'épouser.

Tammy: Tex is going to marry me.

Bette: Sois raisonnable, Tammy. Tex ne veut pas t'épouser.

Bette: Be reasonable, Tammy. Tex doesn't want to marry you.

Tammy: Mais si. Il l'a promis quand je l'ai rencontré à Lyon.

Tammy: Yes he does. He promised when I met him in Lyon.

Bette: Mais il ne m'avait pas encore rencontrée!

Bette: But he hadn't yet met me!

否定命令式

In the negative imperative, the pronoun follows the normal placement before the verb. However, in the affirmative imperative, the object pronoun goes after the verb and is attached to it by a hyphen. In addition, me and te become moi and toi.

（肯定的命令式中，宾语代词在动词之后，并用连字号连接,me 和te 变为moi 和toi ）

Bette: Tex, embrasse-moi!

Bette: Tex, kiss me!

Joe-Bob: Attends, ne l'embrasse pas devant moi. Je m'en vais.

Joe-Bob: Wait, don't kiss her in front of me. I'm leaving.

Bette: Eh bien, il est parti. SMACK!

Bette: Eh well, he's left. SMACK!

3. agreement of the past participle（过去分词的一致性）

The past participle agrees in gender and in number with a preceding direct object. In other words, if the direct object pronoun is feminine, add an e to the end of the past participle; if the pronoun is masculine plural, add an s (unless the past participle already ends in s); if it is feminine plural, add es.

Un peu plus tard . . .

A little later . . .

Bette: Tammy? Tu sais, Tex m'a embrassée.

Bette: Tammy? Tex kissed me.

Tammy: Ce n'est pas vrai!

Tammy: That's not true.

Bette: Demande-lui. Il arrive.

Bette: Ask him. Here he comes.

Tammy: Tex, tu l'as embrassée, Bette?

Tammy: Tex, did you kiss her, Bette?

Tex: Qui? Bette? Mais non. Je ne l'ai pas embrassée. C'est elle qui m'a embrass é! PAF! Aie!

Tex: Who? Bette? Why no. I didn't kiss her. She kissed me! POW! Ow!

练习

Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the words in capital letters with a correct direct object pronoun: le, la, les. Modèle: Tammy cherche TEX. Elle le cherche.

1. Les étudiants de Tex ont appris LEURS VERBES.

2. Tammy a invité SES AMIS à d?ner.

3. Edouard n'aime pas attendre LE BUS.

4. Joe-Bob ne finit pas SES DEVOIRS.

5. Joe-Bob regarde LA TELEVISION.

6. Bette a embrassé TEX.

7. Fiona a étudi é L'ESPAGNOL.

8. Tammy va fêter LA SAINT-SYLVESTRE.

9. Tex drague BETTE. (drague = hits on, flirts with)

10. Tammy va chanter LA MARSEILLAISE.

11. Tex cherche TAMMY.

12. Joe-Bob adore LES FEUX D'ARTIFICE.