小学英语知识总结

一、现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。

1、构成：am/is/are+动词现在分词

如：Be quiet, please！Your father is sleeping now.

Look! The boys are playing basketball in the playground.

Listen! The girls are singing a song. The children are playing in the park.

2、现在分词是由动词原形加ing构成。现在分词一般构成规则如下：

1）一般在动词末尾加ing.如：read—reading, play—playing, sleep—sleeping, listen—listening, cry—crying, eat—eating

2)辅音字母+e结尾，去e,再加ing,如：write—writing, bite—biting, make—making

3)重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing.如：sit—sitting, swim—swimming, run—running, skip—skipping,drop—dropping

二、一般现在时：表示经常性习惯性动作。如：I often get up at 6:30 every day.

1、一般现在时通常与表示程度的副词（always,often,usually,never）连用。程度副词放在动词之前，be动词之后。如：Marry always washes her face at 6:15am.

My father is never late for school. Sally is often late. I usually have breakfast at 7:30am.

2、当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。动词第三人称单数构成规则如下：（与名词的单数变复数规则大致一样）

(1) 一般情况下由动词后加-s构成

work→works 工作 read→reads 读 look→looks 看

come→comes 来 live→lives 居住 listen→listens 听

(2) 以s, x, z, sh, ch 以及字母o结构的动词，后加-es

guess→guesses 猜 mix→mixes 混和 go→goes 去

finish→finishes 完成 catch→catches 抓住

(3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应将 y 改为 i 再加 -es

fly→flies 飞行 study→studies 学习 carry→carries 带，扛

① 有个别的变化不规则，如have→has, be→is 等。

三、名词复数的规则变化

1.最普遍直接+S:desk-desks,pen-pens.

2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词+es.bus-buses watch-watches.

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把y改i+es:baby-babies country-countries.

4.以f或fe,如:thief life wife half等,要把f或fe变成v+es.而特殊要注意的safe roof belief gulf chief等词就直接加S.

a. 把f, fe变为v再加es，如：half---halves

knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves

wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；

5 名词复数的不规则变化

1） child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese

四、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间或过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态.

1、与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday(昨天)，last night(昨晚)，last week(上个星期)，just now(刚才)，this moring(今天早上

2、.结构: 主语+动词的过去式+其它

He went to the park yesterday. Where were you last week?

This morning , I got up early , went out for a walk , then came back and cooked for my family

3、动词过去式变化规则

1)一般直接给动词加-ed.

look-looked ,watch-watched clean-cleaned play-played start-started

2)以不发音的-e结尾的动词变过去式直接加-d

live-lived hope-hoped use-used love-loved like-liked

3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed.

stop-stopped plan-planned trip-tripped drop--dropped

4)末尾是以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变过去式,要变-y为-i,再加-ed.

Study-studied cry-cried carry-carried try--tried

5)不规则动词过去式的变化:

am,is-was are-were do-did have/has-had go-went come-came become-became make-made get-got forget-forgot eat-ate find-found run-ran sing-sang give-gave write-wrote wear-wore think-thought buy-bought bring-brought teach-taught catch-caught feel-felt keep-kept sleep-slept leave-left

draw-drew throw-threw know-knew fly-flew take-took tell-told sell-sold say-said spend-spent speak-spoke break-broke cut-cut put-put read-read can-could

五、一般将来时表示：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。

1、构成： 主语+will\shall+动词原形 如：I will go to school tomorrow. Tomorrow will be rainy.

2、一般将来时也可用：主语+be动词(am,is,are)+going to+动词原形来表示

如： What is Dongdong going to do? He is going to pick up a stone.

She is going to shout at Dongdong. He is going to throw the stone at the tiger. When are we going to swim? Who are we going to meet?

六、副词。

副词修饰动词放在动词后，表示“怎么样地做某事”，由形容词变化而来。

loud—loudly slow—slowly quiet—quietly quick—quickly clear—clearly soft—softly noisy—noisily careful—carefully happy—happily

如：The children are playing noisily. She cannot hear her friend clearly.

You are talking noisily, please play quietly. Mrs Zhao is dancing happily.

七、形容词

形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征，常常意为“······的 a beautiful flower a happy girl a nice day an old man

1、 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较, 其结构形式如下:

A+be动词/have/has+形容词比较级+than+ B 表示“A比B更„”

This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。

The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮更大。

My singing is louder than yours. 我的歌声比你的大点儿。

She is younger than my sister. 她比我妹妹年轻。

2、形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 表示“„之最”

其结构形式为: 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。 She is the best student in her class. 她是班上最好的学生。

Tom is the tallest boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。 Fairy tales are the less interesting stories. 童话故事是最无聊的故事。 3. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成方法如下：

a. 单音节词和少数双音节词以加-er和-est的方式构成：

原级 比较级 最高级

young年轻 younger较年轻 youngest最年轻 tall—taller tallest soft—softer softest

old老 older较老 oldest最老 small—smaller smallest loud—louder loudest clean干净 cleaner较干净 cleanest最干净 long—longer longest great—greater greatest b.以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-er和-est.

big -- bigger biggest hot --hotter hottest thin --thinner thinnest fat—fatter fattest c.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y改i再加-er和-est. easy-- easier easiest busy --busier busies happy--happier happiest heavy—heavier heaviest d.多音节或部分双音节形容词在前面加more, most构成比较级和最高级：

原级 比较级 最高级

important more important most important boring—more boring , most boring difficult more difficult most difficult worried—more worried , most worried interesting more interesting most interesting excited—more excited , most excited useful more useful most useful delicious—more delicious , most delicious

八、祈使句

祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议、禁止等。

1、由“Let’s +动词原形„”构成的祈使句， 如Let’s go to the library. 咱们去图书馆吧！ Let’s go to the Underwater World. 咱们去海底世界吧！

2、直接以动词原形开头。如：Stand up, please! 请起立！ Keep quiet, please! 请保持安静！

3、祈使句的否定形式在句首加Don’t.

如：Don’t put your feet on the seat. 不要把脚放在座位上。

Don’t put your hands in the rubbish bin.不要把手放在垃圾箱上。

六年级上册重点短语，句型：

1、throw…at…朝…仍…. Don’t throw stones at the dog, Mingming.

2、look at 瞧，看 His dog is looking at the children.

3、climb up 往上爬 Mingming is climbing up the slide.明明正往楼梯上爬。

4、星期前用介词on，如：on weekdays， on Saturday.

5、具体到某月的某一天用介词on,如：When is your birthday? My birthday is on July 4th.( 或者My birthday is on the fourth of July)

6、一年的12个月单词：1月 January 2月 February 3月 March 4月 April 5月 May 6月 June 7月 July 8月 August 9月 September 10月 October 11月 November 12月 December

7、时间点前用介词at，如：Marry makes her bed at 6:05.

The family usually has breakfast at 6:30am.

8、get up 起床 make the bed 整理床铺 have breakfast 吃早餐 have lunch 吃午餐 have dinner/supper 吃晚餐 wake up 醒来

9、leave for 启程去，出发去，如：My father always leaves for work at seven o’clock.

10、be late for „迟到 如：He is never late for work/school.他从不上班/上学迟到。

11、talk about 谈论 如：The children are talking about where they wanted to go .

12、take a magic medicine 吃一种神奇的药 feel lonely 感到孤独

13、try to + 动词原形 “试着” each other 互相、彼此

Chang’e and her husband tried to see each other.

14、lunar month 阴历月份 get together 聚在一起

15、look 看起来„ Peter looked weak. 彼得看起来虚弱。

16、 be worried about 对„担心，忧郁 如：His mother was worried about him.

17、What’s the matter? 发生什么了/怎么了？What’s the matter with you ?

I’m always tired.

18、how tall/heavy/ old are you? 你多高/多重/多大？ I’m 150 centimeters tall.

I’m 32 kilogrammes. I’m twelve yeas old. How long is the desk?桌子有多长？

19、too+形容词原级，“太„”too big 太大 too small 太小 too long太长 too hot太热 too heavy 太重 too ugly 太丑

20、have an idea 想出了一个好主意 in a field 在田地里

21、can’t =can not “不能，不会”，can 是情态动词，后跟动词原形。变一般疑问句时，将can提到句首 ，变否定句，在can后加not. 如：Can you lift this box? --Yes , I can./No I can’t. 否定句：I can not lift this box.

22、one„the other 一个„另一个 One bird was smaller than the other.

23、put away 推开，挤开 most of 大多数 most of the food大多数食物 fly away飞走

24、thinner and thinner 越来越瘦 softer and softer 越来越柔和 and连接两个比较级，表示“越来越„”The smaller bird became thinner and thinner.

25、at the zoo在动物园 pick up捡起，拾起 put down 放下 towards 朝，向 Lingling runs towards Dongdong.

26、shout at 向„大喊 She is going to shout at Dongdong.

27、walk down 向下走 walk down the stairs 下楼 along 沿着 walk along the street 沿

着街道走 see a film 看电影

28、give„to„把„给„Lingling gave（give的过去式）a huge sweet to Dongdong.

29、wait for等候 They are waiting for a bus.

30、put on穿上 We’re going to put on our swimming suits fisrt.

31、as +形容词原级+as “和„一样” 否定在前面加not，即not as„as 不如„ 没有„ I’m as happy as a bird. You’re not as strong as I.

六年级下册重点短语，句型：

1. be good at..... 擅长于....

1）后接动名词I am good at swimming.

2) 后接名词 I am good at English.

What are you good at? I am good at jumping. What are you not good at? I am not good at singing. What is your best friend good at? / What is Anne / Peter good at? She / He is good at dancing.

2、like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 What do you like doing?--- I like watching films.

3、Do you like fishing? Yes, I do. /No, I don’t

4、want to do(动词原形) sth. 想要做某事 What do you want to do?--- I want to fly a kite.

第三人称 ：What does Peter/she want to do? -----Peter/She wants to read a book. 过去时态： What did he want to do? -----He wanted to play computer games.

5、Have you got ....? 你有.....? Have you got enough money? 你有足够的钱吗？ Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

6、enough 用来修饰形容词,形容词放在enough的前面。 useful enough 足够有用 用来修饰名词时，名词放在enough的后面。 enough money 足够的钱

too用来修饰形容词, 形容词放在too的后面。 too cheap 太便宜 too expensive 太贵

7、be interested in...... 对...感兴趣 I am interested in space/playing football.

8、look like 看起来像 What does it look like? 它看起来像什么？--- It looks like a dragon .

9、特定词前加定冠词 the. the earth/ sea / land 地球/海洋/陆地

10、（1）more + 可数名词的复数 (较多的.... ) more hawkers /shops 较多的小商贩/商店

more + 不可数名词more rain/ rubbish/ milk/ water/ cheese/ butter较多的雨垃圾/牛奶/水/干酪/黄油

（2）fewer + 可数名词复数（较少的....few的比较级） fewer bicycles fewer people ( 集合名词) 较少的人

（3） Less + 不可数名词 （较少的.... little的比较级） less rain / rubbish / milk / water

11、In which picture are there fewer people?--- There are fewer people in Picture One. In which picture is there less rain? -----There is less rain in Picture Two. In which picture are there more hawkers? ------There are more hawkers in Picture One.

12、I have less milk than Dongdong. 我与东东相比有较少的牛奶/我比东东少些牛奶。

Picture A has more flowers/ people than Picture B. 图A与图B相比有较多的花 / 人。

13、A+ be动词+ 形容词比较级+ than B （两者比较）

The boy is taller than the girl. 这个男孩比女孩更高。 Swimming in the sea is more exciting than swimming in a pool

在海里游泳比在泳池游泳更兴奋。

Picture A is less beautiful than Picture B. 图A 不如图B 漂亮。

14、（1）A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B（宾格/主格） （A比B更„）

如：She is taller than me .她比我高。

（2）A + be动词 + the + 形容词最高级（三者或三者以上进行比较）

The rabbit is the noisiest animal. 兔子是最吵闹的动物。

The Changjiang river is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。

Fairy tales are the most boring stories. 童话故事是最无趣的故事。

Cloudy Days is the least interesting book. 《阴天》是最少趣味的书。

15、 not .....at all（一点也不、根本不） not interesting at all (没一点趣味)

16、 Can I help you? 我能帮你吗？ We want to borrow some books. 我们想借一些书。

17、（1）I’m too fat .What can I do? 我太胖，我该怎么办？

You can do more exercises. 你可以多做运动。

（2） What can Lingling /he do? She / He can walk home.

( 3 ) thirsty(口渴的)---- drink some water tired（疲劳的）-----have a rest / go to bed ill / fell sick（病的）---- go and see a doctor cold（寒冷的）---- put on your coat hungry（饥饿）----eat some biscuits bored (无聊的)----- read some comics ( 4 )Thank you very much . ---- You are welcome. / Not at all. 不用谢。

18、（1）will + 动词原形 将会„ I will get wet. 我将会弄湿。I will go home . 我将回家。

Friday night will be windy / snowy / light rain /cold. 周五晚上将会......。

（2） Will it /there be heavy rainy tomorrow？ 明天会下大雨吗？

Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.

（3）How is the weather (today)/What’s the weather like (today) ? 今天天气怎样？ It’s cloudy. Today is cloudy. 今天是阴天

（4） How is the weather tomorrow? /What’s the weather like (tomorrow) ? 明天天气会怎样？

-----Tomorrow / It will be sunny.

九、人称代词: 表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人

称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：

人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。

I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students. 人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。

Give it to me. Let’s go (let’s =let us). Can I help you. My mother cooks dinner. I help her.

二、物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容

词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。

形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词；而名词性物主代词则相单于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：Is this your book?---No,，it isn’t， it’s hers(her book) . This pen is mine. My singing is louder than yours.(your singing).