船员面试远洋船东必问的一些问题0

船员面试远洋船东必问的一些问题1.Nice to meet you! (很高兴见到你)

It’svery nice to meet you! （非常高兴见到你）

Glad to meet you!

2. What’syour name? （你叫什么名字）Could you tell me what your name is? （能告诉我你叫什么名子吗？）

答：I am XXX. 或My name is XXX.

3. Where are you from? (你是那里人？)

答：I am from lianyungang.(我是连云港人)

4.How old are you? (你多大？)

答：I am 27years old. （我27岁）

5. When were you born? （你什么时候出生？）

答：I was born in nineteen seventy-three.(我1973年出生。)

6. Are you married? （你结婚了吗？）

答：Yes, I am.

7. How many people are there in your family?(你家里有几口人？)

答：There are three people in my family. My wife, son and I. (有三口人，我的妻子、儿子和我)

8. How long have you ever worked on board? (你曾经在船上工作过多长时间) 答：I have ever worked on board for ten years.(我曾经在船工作10年)

9. Which company did you serve?(你在那家公司服务过？)

Which company did you work for?

答：I have served for Lianyungang shipping corp.(我在连云港船务公司服务过)

10. Are those ships you worked all Chinese ones? (你工作过的那些船是不是都是中国船) ？

答：No, I worked on Chinese ships about 3years, and 1year on board under the Liberian flag.(不我在中国船上工作了三年，在利比里亚的船上工作了一年)

11. What is the name of the Liberian ship and what’sher tonnage? (利比里亚船是哪一类船，吨位是多少？)

答：She is a bulk carrier, her gross tonnage is over 30thousand tonnage.(是一艘散

货船，总吨3万多)

12. Were the crew all Chinese? (船员都是中国人？)

答：No, they weren’t,including me; there were only 4Chinese in the deck department. We joined the ship at the same time. While the others came from different

countries.(不，只有在甲板部有四位中国人，包括我在内。我们是同时上这艘船的，其余的人都是来自不同的国家。)

13. Which country did the captain come from?(船长是哪个国家的人？)

答：The captain came from Poland.

14. Which certificate do you have now? （你有什么证书？）

Which certificate do you hold now? （你持有什么证书？）

答：I have AB certificate.

15. What kinds of ship have you worked on? （你在什么类型的船上工作过? ）

答：I have worked on many ships. Like container ship, bulk ship.(我在很多船上工作过，如集装箱船、散货船)

16. How many countries have you ever been to? （你去过那些国家？）

答：I have been to many other countries. For example, Japan, Koran. (我去过很多国家，如日本、韩国)

17. How many harbors have you ever been to?(你去过那些港口?)

答:Manyharbors. Shanghai,

18. How many departments are there on board? （船上有几个部门？）

答：Three departments:Deck Department, Engine Department, Service

Department.(有三个部门，甲板部，轮机部，事务部)

19. How many important canals are there all over the world? (世界上有多少重要的运河？)

答：Two biggest canals:Panama canal, Suez canal.(两大运河，巴拿马，苏伊士)

20. The sailing route of our company’sships is very long. Aren’tyou afraid of the hardships? （我们公司船舶的航行航线很长，你不怕苦吗？）

答：No, I’mnot afraid at all, since I am a seaman. I should not be afraid of any hardships and difficulties.(是的，我不怕，既然来当船员，就应不怕苦，不怕难。)

21. Can you tell me what is the most important thing for a sailor?(你能告诉我对于一名水手来说，什么事情是最重要？)

答：It’ssafety, Safety first.Safety.Safety includes the safety for the ship, for oneself and for all the crew.(是安全。安全第一，安全为船舶，安全为全体船员。)

22. You are willing to work in our company, aren’tyou?(你愿意到我公司的船上工作吗？)

答：I’mwilling to be a sailor of you company. My experience and ability make me confident that I can be a qualified sailor in you company. If you do employ me, then I promise that I will definitely follow the company’sinstructions and faithfully stitch to my post. I sincerely hope I can draw you attention, and I am ready to offer my efforts for the prosperity of you company. （我愿意应聘贵司的水手一职。我相信，我的能力天经验完全能胜任。如果你能聘我担任此职务，我向你承诺，绝对服从工作安排，恪尽职守。我希望，我能得到你的重视，愿为贵公司的兴旺发达出力。

北落诗门(2009-2-0821:42:03)

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17. 主机main engine 缸头cylinder cover 安全阀safety valve 示功阀indicator valve 起动阀starting valve 活塞piston 活塞环piston ring 活塞销piston pin 活塞顶piston crown 活塞杆piston rod 活塞头piston head 活塞环槽piston groove 十字头crosshead 曲轴crankshaft 主轴承main bearing 锅炉boiler 进气阀air-inlet valve

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48. 造水机fresh water generator 左port 右starboard 副机auxiliary engine 甲板deck 机舱engine room 救生艇life boat 滑轮pulley 排水管scupper 压载水舱ballast tank 厕所water closet 起锚机windlass 钢丝绳steel wire rope 备件spare parts 日用柜service tank 喷砂sand blast 增压器super charger 填料函stuffing box 分油机purifier 压力实验pressure test 位置position 塑料plastics 油泵oil pump 检修和修理overhaul and repair 手动的, 人工操作的manually operated 吊杆davit 污水泵sewage pump 克令吊crane 钢丝刷steel wire brush 冷凝器condenser

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141. 闸阀sluice valve 密封剂sealant 循环泵circulating 调速器governor 测量记录measuring record 日用油柜oil daily tank 油封oil sealing 往复泵reciprocating pump 震动vibrate 铁水泥iron cement 鹅颈头gooseneck 灭火器extinguisher 说明书instruction book 止回阀check valve 截止阀stop valve 曲轴拐档差deflection of the crank shaft 研磨grind 光车lathe 吊出lift out 没对中misalign 现场on the spot 修补patch 修理单repair list 换新renew 抓斗grab 安全帽safety hat 机座bedplate 螺栓bolt 螺nut 间隙clearance

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170. 曲柄箱crankcase 气缸套cylinder jacket 柴油机diesel engine 拆卸dismantle 气焊gas welding 重油heavy oil 键key 漏泄leakage 测量measure 刮油环oil scraping ring 操作operation 过度磨损over-worn 氧气oxygen 压力实验pressure test 结垢scale 舷梯gangway 伙食吊provision crane 空冷器air cooler 锅炉给水泵boiler feed pump 球阀ball valve 污水井bilge well 合格证certificate 腐蚀corrosion 双层底double bottom 机舱天窗engine-room skylight 过路器filter 首尖舱fore peak 饮用水drinking water

∙北落诗门(2009-2-0821:43:18)

希望对您有所帮助！

∙上海船人(2009-3-2320:02:11)English For Interviewed by Ship’sowner

1. Could you introduce yourself?

您做一下自我介绍好吗？

My name is x.x.x. I am x.x years old. I hold a xxx certificate. I have experienced of xx. Xxx. Xxx. I can use a computer system for management(maintenance).I suppose that my English is good enough for work. I am married(single).There are 3people in my family, my daughter and my son.

我的名字叫XXX 。我XX 岁了。我有XXX 证书。我经历过XX ，XXX ，XXXX 。我可以使用电脑做维护保养工作。我想我的英语水平足以完成工作。我结婚了（单身）。我家有三口人，我女儿，儿子。

2．Where did you graduate from?

您是那里毕业的？

I graduated from XXX university(college,school).

我毕业于某大学（某学院，某学校）

3．How long have you worked on board?

您在船上做多久了？

I have worked on board ten years.

我在船上工作十年了。

4．Which company have you served (workedfor)?

您在那个公司做过？

I have served xxx.xxxx.

我在某某公司做过。

5．What certificate (license)do you hold now?

您现在持有什么证书？

I have xxx certificate, or I hold xxx certificate, or I am the holder of xxx certificate. 我持有某某证书。

6．How long do you have the certificate of C/E(2/E,3/E….)?

您持有轮机长证书多久了？

I hold the xx certificate(xxyears) in xxxx.

我持有轮机长证书有某某年了，或在某某年我持有轮机长证书。

上海船人(2009-3-2320:02:50)

7. What kinds of ship have you worked on?

您都做过那些类型的船？

I have worked on many ships, like xxx ships, xxx ship and so on.

我在许多船上工作过，像某某船，某某船，等等。

8．Which classification society is your ship registered with?

您的船是在那个船级社注册的？

DNV, OR NK, BV, LR, CCS…..

9. Where was your last vessel’strading area? Which ports have you called?

你上一条船的航行区域？都到过那个港口？

Ocean-going, world widely, globally,fixed route.

远洋，全世界，全球，固定航线。

10．Have you served UMS?(UMS=UnmannedMachinery Space)

您做过无人机舱船吗？

Yes, I have served UMS, or No, I am sorry, I have not.

时的，我作过无人机舱。或不，抱歉，我没作过。

11．(Howlong) have you served as C/E,2/E……?

您轮机长有多长了？

Yes, I have served as C/Eseveral years(times)

是的，我做轮机长有若干年了（若干次了）

12．What kinds of main engine and generator engine have you worked on?

您都做过那种类型的主机和发电机？

Oh, several models, for instance, main engine:SUZER RND68, 6700KW; B&W5L45GA

3200KW; MAN KZ70/12005300KW; B&W6L68GFCA7570KW. Generator engine; YANMAR 6ML-HTS270KW……..

13. Could you tell the power of (M/E)generator/enginewhich you have ever worked on? 您能告诉我所做过的主机（发电柴油机）的功率吗？

Ok, 6UEC52LS6500KW; (YANMAR6ML-HTS270KW), on board ship M/Vxxx.

14. What type of engine did you have on your last ship?

您上一次做的船是什么型号的柴油机？

上海船人(2009-3-2320:03:41)

The vessel I worked on last time is a bulk carrier with SUZER RND68engine.

我上一次做的船是。。。。。。。。。。。

15．Have you worked any ship that caused damage in critical equipments?

您做过的船发生过重大机损吗？

No, I served my job cautiously, and my colleagues were also diligent. We kept the vessel in safe operation. If I were employed by your company. I were also serve my duty with diligence.

没有，我工作是非常谨慎的，并且我的同事也是非常勤勉的。我们保持船舶安全操作。如果你们公司雇佣我，我同样会勤奋地工作的。

16．Did you have a planned maintenance system(PMS)for your last ship?

您上次做的船有计划维护体系吗？

Yes, I observed instructions from the shipowner and the system was controlled and managed by computers.

是的，我遵守船东的指示并且系统是由电脑控制和管理的。

17．The ISM Code required preventive maintenance schedules. How do you make your maintenance schedules?

安全管理规则要求做到预防性维护。你如何作出预防性维护计划？

According to the ISM Code, the preventive maintenance plan is made based on the ship’s

“PlannedMaintenance System”and the machinery running hours records. This plan should be made on an annual basis(ora five-year basis). Usually, the monthly maintenance schedules are made based on the annual preventive maintenance plan and the basic occasional maintenance work.

根据ISM 规则，预防维护计划是基于船舶的“PMS”和机械运转时间记录来制定的。这个计划应该是在年度或五年基础上来制定的。通常月度维护计划是基于年度预防维护计划和非经常性发生的工作来制定的。

18．What is the purpose of the ISM Code? What is DPA in ISM Code?

ISM 规则的目的是什么？ISM 规则中DPA 是什么意思？

The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ship’sof ships and for pollution prevention.

DPA stands for Designated person(s)Ashore. His responsibility includes monitoring safety, pollution prevention aspects on behalf of the shipowner.

ISM 规则的目的是提供针对船舶安全管理和操作以及防污染的一个国际标准。

DPA 的意思是；岸上的指定人员。他的职责是代表船东负责防污染，安全操作方面的事务。

19．What does DOC imply?

DOC 表示什么？

上海船人(2009-3-2320:04:27)

DOC stands for “Documentof Compliance”.The marine shipping company should establish and maintain procedures to control all documents and data which are relevant to the SMS. Each ship should carry on board all documentation relevant to that ship.

DOC 表示符合文件。船舶公司应该建立和维护程序去控制所有与SMS 有关的文件和数据。每条船都应该携带与本船相关的所有文件。

20．What is SMC?

SMC 表示什么？

SMC means Safety management Certificate. It should be issued to a ship by the administration or an authorized organization.

SMC 是指安全管理证书. 他是由船旗国指定的机构和组织对船舶签署的证书。

21．What is the purpose of ISM Audit? What is the Critical Equipment and System?

ISM 审核的目的是什么？系统中的关键设备指什么？

Audit is the systematic and independent verification to determine whether ISM activities and results conform to planned arrangements and whether these arrangements are effectively preformed to achieve the objectives of the company and relevant maritime laws.

These are those where sudden loss of functional capability or where failure to respond when activated manually or automatically may create high-risk situations or major accidents. For example, main engine, steering gear and so on.

审核是系统地并且不受约束地去检验是否ISM 活动和结果符合计划的安排，是否这些安排是预先有效地达到公司和海事法规的目标。

指的是突然失去性能或者当手动或自动地作用时会造成高的危险情形或大的事故。例如，主机，舵机等等。

22．What are the critical Operations and conditions?

什么是关键操作和临界状态？

Critical Operations and Conditions are those which have a significant risk of causing major injuries or illness to people, or damage to ship, cargo, other property and/orthe environment. 关键操作和临界状态是指能够引起对人员所造成重大伤害，造成船舶损坏，货物或其它的财产和环境的损坏的重大危险的操作。

23. What does Non-Conformity mean? What is Major Non-Conformity?

什么叫不符合？什么是重大不符合？

Non-Conformity means an observed situation where the objective evidence indicates the Non-Fulfillment of a specified requirement. Major Non-Conformity is an identifia

上海船人(2009-3-2320:05:03)

ble deviation which poses a serious threat to personnel or ship safety or serious risk to

environment. Which requires immediate correction the action. Lack of effective and systematic implementation of the ISM Code is also a Major Non-Conformity.

不符合指的是观测到的情形而有客观的证据显示此情形没有执行规定的要求。

重大不符合是指一个确定的违背，其对人员或船舶的安全／环境造成了严重的威胁。此种违背要求立即去改正。对ISM 规则缺乏有效的和系统的执行同样也是一个重大不符合。

24．What is a near accident? Please give an example to show your understanding. 什么叫险情？请举例说明。

The near accident is a kind of potential danger. If it is worse, it will become an accident. For example, two ships are in close quarters situation. 险情是一种潜在的危险。如果恶化的话，他会变成一个事故。例如，两条船非常靠近地航行。

25．What should be paid attention to in the overhaul of cylinder?

在气缸大修过程中应该注意什么？

Every operation must be complied with the preparation measures regulated in the safety meeting or in the SMS. All safety measures must be observed, such as persons should not stand under the engine room crane. The operator, who operated the E/Rcrane, must operate carefully and smoothly.

每一个操作者都要遵守安全会议或SMS 所要求的预防措施。切实遵守各项安全措施，像人员不能站立在机舱的天车下。操作天车的人员必须小心，平稳的操作。

26．Before entering an enclosed space such as ballast tank, what action will you take? 在进入封闭空间前，（如压载水舱）应作什么准备工作？

Prepare tools. Check all items in the checklist, such as test of content of oxygen, test of explosion point, exploded-proof lamp, good ventilation. Communication means should be available between operators inside and watchman outside and so on. Operators should wear protective clothing a breathing apparatus, a helmet, working boots, lifeline. Also a mark plate “DangerousOperation in Progress”should be established at the entrance.

准备工具。核对检查单并检查所有项目，如测量氧气含量，检验爆炸点，防爆灯和通风。进入里面的人和外面值守的人要建立可靠的通讯。操作者应该穿防护衣和携带呼吸器，戴安全帽，穿工作鞋，携带安全绳。同样在进入口要放一个告示牌：“在进行危险操作”。

27．Please tell me the minimum safe oxygen percentage for the safety of

the workers in an enclosed space.

请说出进入封闭舱室需要的安全氧气含量

More than 18%and no more than 23%of oxygen in an enclosed space will be ok for the safety of the workers.

大于18％，小于23％的氧气含量是安全的。

上海船人(2009-3-2320:05:34)

28．Have you ever seen SOPEP? What is SOPEP?(ShipboardOil Pollution Emergency Plan) 您知道SOPEP 吗？什么是SOPEP ？（船舶油污应急计划）

Yes, of course. SOPEP stands for Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan. 是的，当然。SOPEP 代表船舶油污应急计划。T

29．What information you could receive form SOPEP

从SOPEP 中你能得到什么信息？

The SOPEP should contain (butnot limited to )the following content;

Procedures to be followed by the Master or other crew in case of oil

pollution.

Pollution reporting system and the authority or persons to be

contacted in the event of pollution including the telephone numbers

etc.

Detailed description of actions to be taken immediately by persons

on board to reduce or control the discharge of oil after the incident.

List of oil spill response equipment to be maintained and prepared on

board.(Removers,sprayer, oil absorbent, saw dust, sand, waste rags, scoop.

Shovels, buckets, bamboo brooms, portable pump, protective

clothing, portable containers.). The essence of the Plan is to avoid any

possible oil leakage and oil pollution.

Simply speaking, SOPEP should include such things as emergency

contacts (telephoneand other communication means, address etc), the

equipment used in detailing with oil pollution, the muster list for oil

pollution, the report procedure when the accident happens etc.

SOPEP is compulsory on board most of the ships according to the ISM

code.

IOPP is the certificate for the vessel that is qualified for the requirements issued by the class on oil pollution prevention.

SOPEP 应该包括但不限于以下内容；

一旦发生油污染船长和其它船员要遵守的程序。

在溢油事件过程中，污染报告系统和要联系的机构或人员包括电话等等。

污染事件发生后，船上人员要立即采取行动去减少或控制油排放的详细描述。

船上要备有要求的防污染设备随时可用（去油剂，喷雾剂，吸油剂，锯末，沙，破布，锹，铲子，桶，竹扫把，移动泵，防护衣，可移动容器）计划的本质就是去避免任何可能的漏油和溢油。简单地说，SOPEP 应该包括像应急联系（电话和其它的通讯方法，地址等等），处理溢油所用的设备，溢油应变部署表，发生事故时的报告程序。

根据ISM 规则，SOPEP 在大多数船上是强制要求的。当船舶符合防污染要求时，船舶会得到船级社签发的IOPP 证书。

上海船人(2009-3-2320:06:34)

30．Could you list international conventions concerning marine shipping?

您能列出有关海运的国际公约吗？

There are many conventions. For example:SOLARS, STCW95,

MARPOL73/78…..有许多公约。像。。。。。

31．If you found an oil spill in the sea, how would you react?

如果您在海上发现跑油，将如何作出反应？

Immediately report to the nearest competent port authority and take

positive action to control the pollution and make an entry in the

logbook.

立即报告最近的港口当局然后采取正确的行动去控制污染并将整个过

程记入LOGBOOK 。

32．What is PSC inspection? Have you had inspection on board the ship? If you

have, what deficiency has been checked out?

什么是PSC 检查？您在船上经历过吗？如曾经历过，发现了什么缺陷？

PSC inspection stands for Port State Control Inspection. I have the experience of PSC. But no deficiency has been found.

PSC 检查表示港口国检查。我经历过PSC 检查但没有被发现出缺陷。

33．Do you keep record while crew works?

您对船员的工作做记录吗？

Yes, of course. According to SMS, every event should be recorded as evidence. The general rule is no record, no behaviors.

是的，当然。根据SMS ，没一个事件都应该做记录以作为证据。

34．What is the main duty of the C/E?(2/E,3/E,4/E,E/E)

轮机长的主要工作是什么？

The Chief Engineer is ultimately responsible for the safe and efficient running of all mechanical and electric machinery shipboard equipment. He is responsible for….

The Second Engineer is responsible for watching at periods of 0400-0800hours and

1600-2000hrs. He is responsible to the Chief Engineer for the operation and maintenance of all machinery and associated equipment. He is responsible for…..

轮机长主要负责船上所有机电设备的安全和有效的运转。他负责。。。

2／E 在航行中负责值4－8和16－20班。在轮机长的领导下2／E 负责操作及维护所有的机械设备和相关的设备。他还负责。。。

35．How often should you test lifeboat engine? Who takes charge of the operation? Who takes of maintenance and repair work?

您多长时间试验一次救生艇机？谁负责操纵艇机？谁负责维护和修理艇机？

上海船人(2009-3-2320:07:10)

One week interval. SMS requires that every crew on board is capable of operating it. The fourth Engineer must take charge of maintenance and repair work.

36. Who take charge of repairing deck equipment if the deck equipment is out of order? 甲板机械失灵时由谁来负责修理？

The Fourth Engineer takes charge of that work and co-operate by electric engineer.

三管轮负责这项工作，电机员也协助配合。

在加油时应注意什么？

Firstly, we must pay much attention not to spill the oil; secondly, the quantity to the oil must correspond to the contract; thirdly the quality must comply with the required one; fourthly, we must take samples during bunkering.

首先，我们要严防跑油；第二，加油的数量要与合同相符；第三，质量要符合要求；最后，加油过程中我们要连续地取油样。

38．How do you pump out bilge water in the engine room?

您如何将机仓的污水泵出弦外？

Pump bilge water into bilge tank. Then pump bilge water into oily water separator. Ask the

Captain or deck officers on duty to pump out at appropriate water. The proportion should not be beyond 15PPM. The operation should be recorded in “Oil water record book”.

先将污水泵入污水柜。再泵入油水分离器。与值班驾驶员联系确认在规定的水域排放并不超过15PPM 。操作要记入油水记录本。

39．When will an engineer in charge of watch call the Chief Engineer?

值班轮机员应在何时叫轮机长？

When engine damage or malfunction occurs which may be such as to endanger the safe

operation of the ship; when any malfunction occurs which it is believed, may cause damage or break down of propulsion machinery, auxiliary machinery or monitoring and governing systems; and in any emergency or if in any doubt as to what decision or measure to be taken.

当出现危及船舶安全航行的情况，如机器损坏或出现故障时；当你相信出现的故障会引起动力机械损坏时，辅助机械或检测装置和控制系统；在任何紧急情况下当你拿不准该做什么决定时。

40．What should be prepared before disassembly of cylinder for main engine/auxiliaryengine? 在拆卸主机和副机气缸之前应作什么准备工作？

上海船人(2009-3-2320:07:55)

I shall familiarize myself with the operational manual, such as know with certainly the

disassembly procedures, cut off oil and water, the operational procedure, test by oil and water after assembly; get knowledge of assembly crevice and limited crevice; count on necessary spares; check all necessary tools before working; be clear of duties for personal engagement in disassembly of cylinder; safety measures and safety working training are also vital.

我首先要熟悉操作手册，当然要了解拆装步骤；诸如切断油和水，还有操作程序，组装后油和水的试验；了解装配间隙和极限间隙；必要备件的准备；拆装前要检查所有必须的工具；对拆卸气缸的相关人员职责要明确；安全措施和安全工作训练也同样是重要的。

41．How do you manage sewage? 如何管理生活污水？

the sample of the constant to compare with the standards.

定期投药。保持鼓风机连续工作。检查取样的质量并与标准的相比较。

42．Have you ever performed the auxiliary engine to combust heavy oil? What should be borne in mind when transferring oil from heavy oil to light oil? 您做过烧重油的副机吗？在重油换轻油过程中应注意什么？

I have worked on the auxiliary engine which combusts a combination of A and C oil. When

transferring oil from heavy oil to light oil, the changing of temperature should not be rapid. 1*Cto 2*Cper minute is best. Meanwhile the viscosity change should be constantly observed. The temperature of the oil temperature to be heated varies in quality of the fuel oil. In general, 180cst needs to be heated to 95-105*C;380cst needs to be heated to 130-135*C.the viscosity is under the control of approximately 2anglers.

我做过烧A 类和C 类油的副机。在重油换轻油过程中，温度的变化不要太快。最好每分钟1到2度。同时应该持续地观测粘度的变化因为不同品质的燃油所须加热的温度是不同的。通常，180粘度等级燃油要加热到95－105度；380粘度等级的燃油须加热到130－135度。

43．Could you tell the main reason for seeing the black smoke exhausted from the diesel engine? 请您说出柴油机冒黑烟的原因？

The possible reasons are as follows; discharge valve damage or over load operation of diesel engine, or leakage of nozzle, or the incomplete combustion in the cylinder because not enough fresh air was pumped.

可能的原因如下；排气阀损坏或柴油机超负荷运转，或油嘴漏泄，或由于进气量不足导致燃烧不完全，等等。

44．Could you tell the main reason for scavenge fire?

请您说出柴油机扫气箱着火的原因？

上海船人(2009-3-2320:08:37)

Ignition of carbon/oildeposits by;

A. Prolonged blow-by.

B. Slow combustion in cylinder, owing to incorrect atomization, or misaligned fuel jets.

C. Blow-back through the scavenge air ports, owing to an incorrectly adjusted exhaust cam disc or large resistance in the exhaust system(backpressure not exceed 300mm wc)

D. The cylinder liner wear out of order or piston ring broken.

由于如下的原因，油／碳燃烧物沉积而导致扫气箱着火；

A. 长时间的活塞环漏气。

B. 由于不正常的雾化，或燃油喷射的不对中而引起燃烧的缓慢。

C. 由于排汽凸轮盘不正确的定时或排汽系统背压过大（背压不能超过300毫米水柱）而导致燃气通过扫气口倒流。

D. 气缸套磨损超标或活塞环断裂。

∙上海船人(2009-3-2320:09:10)45．Could you tell the main reason for crankcase explosion?

请您说出柴油机曲拐箱爆炸的原因？

Oil mist and hot spot; abnormal friction between sliding surfaces causing a hot spot. Hot spot can cause the oil falling on them to evaporate. When oil vapour condenses again, countless minute particle are formed, which are suspended in the air. A milky white mist develops, which is able to feed and propagate a flame if ignition occurs. The ignition can be caused by the same hot spot which caused the oil mist to form. The ignition will cause a tremendous rise of pressure in the crankcase, which will open the crankcase relief v/vmomentarily. A very severe explosion can damage the crankcase door and cause fire in the engine room. Similar explosions can occur in the chain casing &scavenge air box.

油雾和热源；滑动表面之间不正常的摩擦引起的热点。热点能导致油飘落在他们上面而蒸发。当油气再次冷凝时，会形成无以计数的悬浮在空气中的颗粒。乳白色的油雾不断形成和繁殖一旦遇到热点会形成火焰。造成油雾形成的热点可以引起燃烧。燃烧会引起曲拐箱内压力急剧升高并即可爆开曲拐箱安全阀。非常剧烈的爆炸会损坏曲拐箱道门并引起机仓着火。类似的爆炸也会发生在链条箱内及扫气箱内。

∙上海船人(2009-3-2320:09:47)

46．What does the turbine super-charger surge?

增压器喘振的原因是什么？

There are basically five main reasons.

High backpressure of the exhaust manifold and low flowing quantity; rapid change in load; insufficient supply of fuel oil or bad combustibility; failure of turbine blade, nozzle and diffuser; narrowed scavenging of air passage or scavenge fire;

主要有五个原因。

排汽总管高背压和低流量；负荷快速的变化；不充足的燃油供应或燃烧不良；透平叶片／喷嘴环和扩散器故障；扫气通道变窄或扫气箱着火。