英语单词的音节及读音规则

英语单词的音节及读音规则

1. 音节概念

在英语单词中元音特别响亮，一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节，所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的。只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词，有两个发音的元音构成的单词称为双音节词，三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词。

例：

双音节词：go, he, stand, think, please, take, some, what, glad, smoke, child, taught 双音节词：teacher, brother, Sunday, neighbor, darkness, breakfast, comment , open 多音节词：exercise, holiday, separate, celebrate, institute, opportunity 注：一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。

2. 单词重音

在英语的双音节以上的单词中，有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节，我们称为重读音节，国际音标上 标有“′”这样的重读符号。一般说来一个单词只有一个重音。

例：Sunday [’s ʌndi]

3. 开音节

开音节一共有两种：

一种叫绝对开音节，即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词。

例：go [ɡəʊ], begin [bi’ɡin] he [hi:], no [nəʊ], we [wi:], who [hu:]

另一种叫做相对开音节，即发音的元音字母后有一个辅音字母（r 除外）再加一个不发音的字母e 。 例：make [meik], note [nəʊt], these [ði:z], like [laik], use [ju:z]

4. 闭音节

发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母（r 除外）时，这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节。如果单词重音在这个音节上，该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。

例：bad [bæd], thank [θæŋk], desk [desk], sit [sit], stick [stik], fog [fɒɡ], shop [ʃɒp ]; 5. 元音字母在开音节中的一般发音

A a [ei], Ee [i:], Ii [ai], Oo [əʊ], Uu [ju:]

例：take [teik], late [leit], he [hi:], theme [θi:m], time [taim], nice [nais], no [nəʊ];

joke [jəʊk], tune [tju:n], cute [kju:t];

6. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音

A a [æ], Ee [e], Ii [i], Oo [ɒ], Uu [ʌ]

例：lamp [læmp], plan [plæn], well [wel], best [best], mill [mil], wish [wiʃ], hot [hɒt];

drop [drɒp], club [clʌb ], but [bʌt ]

7. 各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则

1）A a

开音节中多读 [ei] 字母本身的音。 词例：name,

但have 中却发 [æ] plane, cake, take;

重读闭音节中多读 [æ]。 词例：bad, lamp, tank, cat, map

a 的前面是辅音[w]时读作[ɒ]。 词例：want, wash, what, quality

a 的后面是 ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n 时常读作[a:]。 词例：class, fast, grasp, ask, bath, staff, dance, command

2) E e

开音节中多读 [i:] 字母本身的音 词例：he, she, be, these

重读闭音节中多读 [e]。词例：pen, yes, well, desk, best

3) I i (y)

开音节中多读 [ai] 字母本身的音 词例：like, time, bike, why,

但give 和 live 中却发 [i]

重读闭音节中多读 [i]。词例：stick, ship, big, mill

词尾是-nd 和 -ld 时，i 可读作[ai] 词例：kind, find, child

4) O o

开音节中多读 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 词例：no, home, joke, smoke, joke

但to, do, who, move, shoe中却发 [u:]

重读闭音节中多读 [ɒ]。词例：hot, fog, shop, long, drop

词尾是-st 和 -ld 时，o 可读作[əʊ] 词例：most, post, bold, cold, 例外both, comb

o 的后面是 m, n, v, th 时，可读作[ʌ] 词例：son, some, come, one, done, love, glove,

mother, brother

5）U u

开音节中多读 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 词例：use, tune, cute, mule

u 在辅音字母l, r, j后面时读作[u:] 词例：blue, rule, true, June

重读闭音节中多读 [ʌ] 或[u]。词例：sun, but, club, must, full, put

但truth, busy中却发 [u:]

8. -r 音节-re 音节的读音规则

ar 常读作[a:] 词例：car, park, large, star; 但war, warm, ward却读[ɔ:]

er 常读作[з:] 词例：verb, term, serve, stern;

ir 常读作[з:] 词例：girl, first, shirt, bird

or 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：horse, short, north, sport; 但word, work, world却读[з:]

ur 常读作[з:] 词例：burn, nurse, hurt, fur

are 常读作[eə] 词例：care, dare, stare, rare

ere 常读作[iə]或[eə] 词例：mere, here, there, were; 但were 却读[з:]

ore 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：more, wore, sore, store

ire 常读作[aiə] 词例：fire, tire, hire, mire

ure 常读作[juə]或[uə] 词例：pure, cure, manure, sure

9. 元音字母组合的读音规则

1）a+其它字母

al 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：ball, walk, talk, walk, also,

其后有f 或m 时可读[a:] 例：half, calm, palm

au 和augh 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：cause, fault, launch; taught, daughter

例外：laugh [a:]

aw 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：law, saw, claw, awful

ai 和ay 常读作[ei ] 词例：wait, main; day, play

air 和are 常读作[e ə] 词例：hair, pair, chair; fare, care, dare, stare, share

2）e+其它字母

ea 常读作[i:] 或[e] 词例：meat, please, peace, clean; head, dead, lead, bread

例外：great, break读作 [ei]

ee 常读作[i:] 词例：meet, three, steel, green, tree, street,need

ei 和 ie 常读作[i:] 词例：field, piece, ceiling, receive

有时ei 和ey 一样。读作[ei] 词例：eight, neighbor; prey, grey

例外：friend, 读作[e] height 读作[ai], review读作 [ju:]

ew 常读作[ju:] 词例：new, few, dew.

ew 在辅音字母l, r, j后面读作[u:] 词例：blew, crew, Jew

ear 常读作[iə] 词例：hear, dear, tear;

有时读[eə] 词例：bear, wear, pear

后面有辅音字母时读作[з:] 词例：learn, pearl, early, earth

例外：heart, 读作[a:] year 读作[jə]

eer 常读作[iə] 词例：deer, cheer, beer, pioneer, engineer

3）o+其它字母

oa 常读作[əʊ] 词例：coat, boat, soap, float

oi 和oy 常读作[ɔi ] 词例：oil, voice, point; boy, joy

oul 常读作[ʊ] 词例：could, would, should

oo 常读作[u:] 词例：food, tooth, spoon, school, moon

例外：foot, good, stood, 读作[ʊ] ; blood, flood读作[ʌ]

oo 后面是k 时读作[ʊ] 词例：book, look, cook, brook

oor 和 oar 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：door, floor; board, coarse

例外：poor, 读作[uə]

ou 常读作[au]或 [ʌ] 词例：loud, house, mouth; young, touch, country, trouble

例外：group, 读作[u:], youth 读作[ju:], soul, 读作[əʊ]

ough 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：bouught, fought, thought

例外：though, 读作[əʊ], through 读作[u:]

our 常读作[ɔ:] 或 [auə] 词例：four, course, pour; our, hour, sour, flour

ow 常读作[au] 或 [əʊ] 词例：now, how, town, down; slow, show, grow, snow

owe 或ower 常读作[auə] 词例：towel, vowel; power, flower

4）i+其它字母

ig 或igh 常读作[ai] 词例：sign, design; sigh, light, night, bright, eight

ia, ie或io 常读作[aiə] 词例：dialogue, reliable; quiet, science; violet, violence

5）u+其它字母

ui 常读作[ju:] 词例：suit, nuisance

ui 的前面有辅音字母l, r, j 时，读作[u:] 词例：sluice, fruit, juice

例外：build 读作[i]

注：以上都是元音字母、-r 音节和元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音规则。在非重读音节中基本上所有都弱化成短元音[ə]。

10. 辅音字母在单词中的读音规则

1）B e 常读作[b] 或位于词尾不发音。词例：bed, book, bright; comb, lamb, tomb, climb

2）C c 常读作[k], [s] 词例：cold, clean cat; nice, city, decide

有时读作[ʃ] 词例：social, musician, precious

3）D d 常读作[d] 词例：day, desk, add,

动词加-ed 时 -ed 的读法

-ed 前是清辅音时（[t]除外）, 读作 [t]

词例：walked [-kt], jumped [-pt], missed [-st], washed [-ʃt ]

-ed 前是浊辅音时（[d]除外）, 读作 [d]

词例：played [-eid], robbed [-bd], closed [-zd], begged [-ɡd ]

-ed 前是 [t] 和 [d] 时, 读作 [id]

词例：wanted [-tid], needed [-did]

4) F f常读作 [f] 词例：five, wife, four, leaf

有时读作[ʃ] 词例：social, musician, precious

个别情况读作[v] 词例：of [ɔv ] 或 [əv]

5) G g常读作[ɡ] 词例：girl, game, give, big, ago

有时读作[dӡ] 尤其是在元音字母 e 前时此时词尾的ge 读作[d ӡ]，词例：large, page, college, village

6) H h常读作[h ] 词例：hot, house, head, hand

h 有时不发音。词例：hour, honor, exhibit, rhyme

7) J j常读作[dӡ] 词例：jam, joke, June, judge

8) K k常读作[k] 词例：cake, week, kite, sky

9) L l常读作[l] 词例：land, milk, belt, school

l 有时不发音。词例：walk [wɔk ], calm [ka:m]

10) M m常读作[m] 词例：name, meet, mother, come

11) Nn 常读作[n] 词例：line, nine, nice

n 在辅音音素[k] 和[ɡ] 之前读作[ŋ]。词例：bank, think, uncle, finger, language

12) P p常读作[p] 词例：pen, sleep, spring, picture

13) Q q 该字母一般很少单独出现，它常和元音字母 u 组成qu 字母组合。常读作[kw] 词例：question, quite, queen

14) Rr 常读作[r] 词例：road, right, read 其次是构成r 音节或re 音节。

15) Ss 在词首时常读作[s] 词例：sit, soap, sky

s 在两个元音字母间常读作[z] 词例：music, season, prison

s 在两个元音字母和不发音的e 之间有两种读法

动词常读作[z] 词例：close, lose, raise

名词或形容词词常读作[s] 词例：base, case, close, coarse

s 前或后是清辅音时常读作[s] 词例：lamps, looks, waits; list, desk, husband

s 在辅音字母t 之后常读作[ts] 词例：students, streets

s 在辅音字母d 之后常读作[ds] 词例：beds, comrades, prides

注s 的读音规则较复杂，还得在具体的学习中去把握。

16) T t常读作[t] 词例：tell, meet, ten, letter

17) V v常读作[v] 词例：voice, love, vote, leave

18) W w常读作[w] 词例：wait, sweet, wall, twin. 有时不发音。词例：sword, answer

19) X x常读作[ks] 词例：box, exercise, text, excellent

x 后面是元音, 而且又是重读音节时，常读作[ɡz ] 词例：exam, exist, exact

20) Y y出现在单词开头时常读作[j] 词例：yes, year, yellow

但出现在词尾时可能发[ai] 或[i]的音，词例：satisfy, beautify, country。与元音字母构

成组合时可能发元音 [ei] 词例：day, play

21) Z z常读作[z] 词例：zoo, maze, doze, zone

11. 辅音字母组合的读音

1）ch, tch 读作[t ʃ]词例：child, chart, teach, match, catch, watch

ch 有时读作 [k] 词例：school, chemistry, character, stomach

2）ck 常读作[k ]词例：neck, black, stick, pocket

3）cc 常读作[k]词例：accept, accident, success; according, accuse

4）ce 常读作[s]词例：nice, accept, rice, piece

5）dge 常读作[dӡ]词例：bridge, judge, lodge

6）gu, gue 常读作[ɡ]词例：guide, league, guess, dialogue

7）ng, 常读作[ŋ]词例：sing, strong, spring, long

8）gh, ph 常读作[f]词例：rough, phrase, cough, enough

但在igh, ough, augh 中gh 不发音，只发元音或元音组合的音。请参见前面 （9. 元音字

母组合的读音规则）

9）qu, ph 常读作[kw]词例：quick, quality, quite, question

10）sh 常读作[ʃ]词例：she, fish, shirt, wash

11）ss 常读作[s ]词例：miss, lesson, class, assist

12）th 有两种发音。

其一读作[θ] 词例：think, three, bath, method

其二读作[ð] 词例：this, with, weather , feather, mother

13）wh 常读作[w ]词例：what, white, whip, where

14）kn 常读作[n ]词例：knife, knee,

15）kn 常读作[n ]词例：knife, knee,

16）tion, 有两种发音。

其一读作[ʃən] 词例：mention, conversation, modernization

其二读作[tʃən] 词例：question, suggestion

17）sion, 有两种发音。

其一读作[ʃən] 词例：mission, impression

其二读作[ӡən] 词例：decision, television

注：以上提供的仅仅是英语单词读音规则的一般规律，尽管英语单词的读音规则有规律可寻，但不是一劳永逸的事，同学们在掌握和熟悉一般规律的前提下还必须多读单词，并注意读准确。特殊读音得采取特殊记忆的方法。