人口与教育

人口 Population

1. The issue of population and development is a global strategic concern and a common challenge confronted by the entire humankind.

人口与发展问题是一个全球性的战略问题，是一项全人类面临的共同挑战。

2. China is the most populous developing country in the world. The population by the end of 2003 was 1.29227 billion and the vast territories of 9.6 million square kilometers are inhabited with 56 nationalities groups.

中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家，在960万平方公里的辽阔疆域上居住着56个民族的12.9227亿人口(2003年) 。

3. China's population makes up 21% of the world's total, but its arable land is only 7% of the world's total. This very fact means there is a severe conflict between the

country's huge population base - and the growth momentum that comes with it - and socioeconomic development, utilization of natural resources and environmental protection.

中国人口占世界人口的21%，而其耕地面积仅占世界的7%。庞大的人口基数和每年的人口增长量同经济和社会的发展、资源的利用和环境的保护之间存在着尖锐的矛盾。

4. The family planning program has brought the excessive growth of population under control, promoting coordinated development between population and economy, society, environment and resources. At the same time, it has also improved people's living standard, ensuring them better living and working conditions.

实行计划生育使人口的过快增长得到控制，促进了人口、经济、社会、环境与资源间协调发展，同时，也使公民的生活质量得到改善，保障他们具有更好的生存和发展的空间。

5. The situation of population and development in China have an important bearing on the stabilization of the world's population, enhancement of safety, peace and development.

中国的人口与发展对稳定人口、促进全球的安全、和平和发展具有重要的意义。

6. The Chinese government attaches great importance to international exchanges and cooperation, which greatly help China draw on successful experiences of international population and development programs and improve the family planning program of China. At the same time, it also promotes south-south collaboration between the developing countries.

中国政府注重通过国际交流和合作，吸取国际人口与发展领域的经验，不断完善中国的计划生育方案；同时推动与发展中国家的南南合作。

7. The starting point for China to tackle the population and development issue is as follows:

--Stick to a path of population and development with Chinese characteristics, in light of its own national conditions (i.e. a large population, scarce per capita natural resources, relatively backward economic and technological development) and draw on the experiences of other countries;

--Adhere to the strategy of sustainable development and solve the population problem through development, so as to realize coordinated development between population and economy, society, resources and environment and between modernization of the country and the full development of human beings;

--Fully realize basic human rights, integrating the general principles of human rights with China's national conditions, i.e. giving priority to rights to subsistence and development while improving people's civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights and freedoms;

--Respect different cultural backgrounds, religions, customs and ethics;

--Formulate and implement population plans and policies to promote equal opportunities for all members of society and achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals while giving full consideration to the priority areas of development and the compatibility of conditions, rights and obligations.

中国解决人口与发展问题的基本出发点是：立足于人口多、人均资源少、经济和科技水平都比较落后的基本国情，借鉴世界各国的管理经验和科学成果，结合中国实际解决人口与发展中不断出现的问题，走有中国特色的人口与发展道路；坚持可持续发展的战略方针，在发展中解决人口问题，使人口与经济、社会、资源、环境协调发展，实现国家现代化和人的全面发展；以充分实现人权为基本目标，努力提高人民享受政治、经济、社会、文化等各项基本权利和自由的水平。尊重人民的不同文化背景、宗教习俗和道德观念，在充分考虑发展的优先事项和条件、权利和义务统一的基础上，制定和实施人口与发展的规划和政策，促进全体社会成员享有平等的发展机会，实现联合国千年发展目标。

8. Over the past few years, the Chinese government has sought to incorporate implementation of the ICPD Programme of Action with the UN Millennium Development Goals, trying to open a new vista for population and development work through reforms and innovations.

近几年来，中国政府将执行《国际人口与发展会议行动纲领》和实现千年发展目标结合，推进改革和创新，努力开创人口与发展工作的新局面：协调各方力量，实施人口与发展战略研究。

9. Population and development strategy studies focus on three subjects: the notion of human-centered, full, coordinated and sustained development, population development trends, and the relationship between population and economy, society, resources and environment; establishment of the pilot project of "providing support for rural households practicing family planning", the livelihood promotion program of

"fewer births, faster affluence"; and addressing the imbalance of sex ratio at birth and launching the pilot "Girl Care" project.

研究将主要针对三个课题：以人为本、全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观，人口发展态势，人口与经济社会资源环境重大关系；加快建立农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度，推进少生快富扶贫试点；重视出生人口性别比升高问题，积极开展" 关爱女孩行动" 试点, 完善社会保障机制。

10. By the mid-21st century, Chinese people will live a well-off life with the per capita income reaching the level of medium-developed countries. Society will be

more civilized and a balance will be struck between population and economy, society, natural resources and environment. The nation, in short, will have achieved modernization.

到二十一世纪中叶，我国人民生活富裕，人均收入达到中等发达国家水平，社会文明程度显著提高，基本实现人口与经济、社会、资源、环境协调发展和国家现代化。

教育 Education

1. Since 1949 when the People’s Republic of China was founded, the Chinese government has always attached great importance to education and made a point of promoting the education rights of its population, especially of ethnic groups, children, women and the disabled.

自从1949年中华人民共和国建立以来，中国政府一直十分重视教育，并为促进人民的教育权利制定了措施，特别是少数民族，儿童，妇女和残疾人的教育权力。

2. A nine-year compulsory education is being made universal in stages in a planned way.

（中国）有计划有步骤地管法实施了“九年义务教育”九年义务教育广泛实施。

3. Presently, 91% of China's population have access to primary education. Secondary education, higher education, vocational and technical education, diversified adult education, and education of ethnic minorities have also developed rapidly.目前，中国人口的91%已经可以接受初等教育。中等教育，高等教育，职业教育，多种形式的成人教育以及少数民族教育也发展迅速。

4. All these have contributed to an education system that offers a complete range of subjects at various levels through diverse formats and media and promoted international exchanges and cooperation in education.

所有这些都为教育体系做出贡献。这一体制提供了完整的多层次的学科范围，通过多样化形式和媒介，并且促进了教育的国际交流合作。

5. China has set up an education system with the government as the major investor and social institutions, mass organizations, and individuals as co-investors.

中国已经建立起一个由政府作为主要投资，社会团体，大众组织和个人合作投资

的教育体制。

6. Currently, local governments play a key role in compulsory education, while the central and provincial governments are dominant in higher education.

现在，地方政府在义务教育方面起到重要作用，与此同时，中央政府和省级政府则在高等教育中起主导作用。

7. In vocational and adult education, industries, business as well as public institutions are playing a more and more important role.在职业教育和成人教育方面，工厂、企业和公共机构越来越发挥主导作用。

8. The Ministry of Education of the PRC is responsible for implementing related laws regulations and policies of the central government, planning development, coordinating education programs, and guiding education reform.

中华人民共和国教育部负责实施相关法律、法规和中央政府的政策，谋划发展，协调教育程度，并且指导教育改革。

9. Since 1978, the Chinese government has enacted a series of laws and regulations such as the Law of Compulsory Education of the People's Republic of China, the Education Law, the Law of Protection of Minors, the Law of Teachers, the Degree Statute of the People's Republic of China, and the Statute for Teacher Certification. The Ministry of Education has issued more than 200 administrative rules and regulations.

自从1978年以来，中国政府已经颁布了一系列法律法规，其中包括《中华人民共和国义务教育法》，《教育法》，《未成年人保护法》，《教师法》，《中华人民共和国学位法规》，《教师资格法规》。教育部已经发布了200多条管理章程和法规。

10. Two years before the dawn of the 21st Century the Chinese government proposed an ambitious plan intended to expand university enrollment to ensure a greater output of professional and specialized graduates.

在21世纪来临的前两年中国政府提出了一个有着深远意义的计划，那就是扩大大学招生数量，确保专业型和特殊型毕业生的输出。