初三英语第四单元短语,句型,语法

Unit 4 What would you do ?

虚拟语气（限于初中）

虚拟语气表示一种与事实情况相反的假设，愿望，怀疑，猜测，建议等 ，是动词的一种形式。通常出现在主语从句，宾语从句中：需背会：

（1）与现在事实相反：If (从句）+ 主语+动词的不定式（am is are 在虚拟语气中的过去式都是were ）

主句：主语+ would /should/could/might + 动词原形

e.g. If I knew the answer to the question, I would be a genus.

If I had a million dollars , I would give it to charity.

（2）与过去事实相反：If (从句）+ 主语+ had done

主句：主语+ would /should/could/might + have done

e.g. If I had come earlier, I would have seen him. If you had left a little earlier this morning ,you would have caught the early bus.

(3) 与将来事实相反：If (从句）+ 主语+ should / were to + 动词原形

主句： 主语+ would /should/could/might + 动词原形

e.g. If I should be free, I would meet you .

If I were to manage the company, I would manage it in my own way.

Ⅰ. What if …. 如果…将会怎么样 Let sb down 让某人失望 come out 出版

get along/on with sb 与某人相处 plenty of许多的大量的 by accident 偶然地意外地

in a public place 在公共场合 without permission 未经允许 permit doing sth 允许做某事 permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 come up with 想出 not ….in the least = not at all 一点也不 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 give up 放弃 give in 屈服 give away分发送给 give out分发用完 give off 发出 give back 归还 give it to charity 把它给慈善机构

put on 穿上上演 put down放下 put off 延迟推迟 put away收拾 put out 扑灭 put up 举起张贴

hundreds (thousands) (millions )( billions) of 成百上千的 two hundred二百 many hundreds 好几百 several thousands 好几千 one of + pl + V(s) …之一 medical

research 医疗研究

take away 拿走 take back 带回 take down 放下 take off 起飞脱掉

take place 发生 take on 呈现 take …to..把…带到… take a taxi 打车

it takes (took) sb some time to do sth 花费多长时间做某事 be nervous about 对…感觉紧张 be (get )(feel ) nervous doing sth 感觉做某事紧张 worry about 担心 be (get )worried

(about) 担心 be late for …迟到 come late to ..来晚 get to the class late 上课迟

what (how)(where)( which ) to do 做什么（疑问词加不定式结构） find it 找到（it 作形式宾语） find out 找出 ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事 ask sb not to do 让某人别做某事

ask for sth 需要，请求 ask sb for sth向某人请求 would rather do sth than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿而不愿 wear a shirt and tie 穿衬衫打领带 take there 带到那儿 bring here 带到这儿 nothing else 没有别的什么 what else 别的什么 enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 enjoy oneself玩得愉快 help sb/sth out 帮助某人/某物摆脱困境 couldn’t / can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 lots of = a lot of 许多的大量的 a lot = very much 非常 get pimples 得丘疹 look terrible 看起来很糟糕 take a long walk 散步很长时间 help sb relax 帮助某人放松 take a big exam 参加大考试 too tired to do well 太累而做不好 be sleepless 失眠的 look friendly 看起来很友好 give sb some advice 给某人一些建议 some pieces of advice = some

advice 一些建议 some good pieces of advice 一些好建议 accept one’s advice 接受某人的建议 ask for advice 寻求建议 follow one’s advice 采取某人的建议 advise sb against sth 建议某人提防某事 advise sb of sth 建议某人某事 advice on what to do 关于如何做的建议 can be a lot

of trouble 可能会很麻烦 be confident of sth 对某事自信 confident that 自信… be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 I’m afraid so 恐怕是这样 I’m afraid not so 恐怕不是这样 be afraid of sth 害怕某事 have / hole a meeting 开会 all night 整晚 all day 整天 all the time = the whole of the time 总是 another few apples = few more apples 再来几个苹果 ask sb to be in a movie 让某人出演电影 wait for sb/ sth 等待某人/某事 can’t wait to do sth 等不及做某事 introduce oneself to sb 向某人介绍自己 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 thanks for your invitation 感谢你的邀请 thanks for inviting me to come to the party 对你

邀请我来参加晚会表示感谢 at one’s house 在某人的家里 bother doing sth 烦恼做某事 bother with /about sth 烦恼某事 enjoy the company of 喜欢…的陪伴 have a small circle of very good friends 有一个小的好朋友圈 a good listener 一个好的听者 right away 立刻 right now 立即此刻 think it over 仔细思考 think about 考虑 think of 想起 be friendly (kind)to sb 对某人友好 come top 得第一 be terrified of sth (doing sth )对某事恐惧 the rest of 其余的 cut oneself 伤到某人

自己 be covered with 由.. 覆盖 cover….with 用…覆盖 be filled with = be full of 充满 press sth hard 使劲按 rain hard 雨下得很大 rain heavily 雨下得很大 hardly ever 几乎不 fall downstairs 摔下楼梯 would hurry to do sth 着急做某事 get the medical help 得到医疗救助 the burned area 烧着的区域 cold running water 冷的流水 feel some pain 感觉有些疼痛 offer sb sth 提供某人某物 offer sth to sb 提供某物给某人 offer sth for sth 提供某物为某事 offer to do sth 提供做某事 know of / about 了解 be known as 作为…而出名 be known for 因.. 而出名 be known to 对.. 来说是出名的 have a first – aid 进行一次急救 on a

nearby shelf在附近的架子上 a lot of experience 许多经历 at the party在晚会上 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 the dangers of smoking 吸烟的危险 hide sth from sb 藏起某物远离某人 tell sb (not)to do告诉某人做某事 tell a lie 撒谎 tell a story 讲故事 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事 go alone 独自走 a deep cut 一个深的切口 take a deep breath 深呼吸 feel lonely感觉孤独 on the lonely island 在荒芜人的岛上 be helpful to 对.. 是有帮助的 treat a small burn 治疗一个小的烧伤 be dangerous to do sth 做某事是危险的 a survey on sth 关于.. 的调查 do

research into the cause of the accident 调查引起事故的起因 for /help/cut/hurt/enjoy/by/dress/teach oneself 为某人自己/随便吃些东西/切到某人自己/伤到某人自己/玩得愉快/被某人自己/某人自己穿衣服/自学 knowledge of ….关于…的知识 catch/keep up with 跟上赶上 rest on 依靠 rest home 疗养院 rest room 洗手间 go downstairs 下楼 burn to the ground把….烧光 burn down 烧光 have a pain in my head 头疼 treat ….as …( regard…as …)把…当作… treat sb to sth 招待某人吃什么 point to 指向远处 point at 指向近处 point out 指出 succeed in (doing)sth（做）某事成功 in the present case 在目前这种状况下