一般过去时的用法

一般过去时的用法

一、动词过去式的构成

1.）look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited

live→lived study→studied, try→tried stop→stopped plan→planned,

2.）begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoke take→took write→wrote get→got cut→cut put→put be→was/were

二、例句：

1.He played football yesterday.

2.The girl was at home last night.

3.It began to rain at eight o’clock last night.

4.The boy put his bag on the bed yesterday,but he doesn’t find it now.

三．功能

1．表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。 如：

1）I was at the zoo yesterday. 昨天我在动物园。

2）I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡觉。

2．表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

1）When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我在小的时候，我经常在街道上踢足球。

2）My father often drove to work last year. 去年，我爸爸经常开车上班。

四、句式转换

（1）一般过去时的肯定陈述句：

主语 ＋ 动词过去式„„

1.He played football yesterday.

2. She wrote an E-mail to Lily yesterday.

3.It began to rain at eight o’clock last night.

4.The boy put his bag on the bed yesterday ,but he doesn’t find it now.

5.He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.

（2）一般过去时的否定句：

a．主语 ＋ didn’t ＋ 动词原形 „„

(did + not = didn't)

1.He didn’t play football yesterday.

2. She didn’t write an E-mail to Lily yesterday.

3.It didn’t begin to rain at eight o’clock last night.

4.The boy didn’t put his bag on the bed yesterday.

5.He didn't work in Shanghai ten years ago.

b．主语 ＋ wasn’t/weren’t ＋表语。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)

He was an English teacher ten years ago.

He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.

The girl was at home last night.

The girl wasn’t at home last night.

They were at the park the day before yesterday.

They weren’t at the park the day before yesterday.

（3）一般过去时的一般疑问句：

a．Did ＋ 主语 ＋ 动词原形 „„ ？

1.Did he play football yesterday?

Yes , he did. No, he didn’t.

2. Did she write an E-mail to Lily yesterday?

Yes , she did. No, she didn’t.

3.Did it begin to rain at eight o’clock last night?

Yes , it did. No, it didn’t.

4.Did the boy put his bag on the bed yesterday?

Yes , he did. No, he didn’t.

5.Did he work in Shanghai ten years ago?

Yes , he did. No, he didn’t.

Did you study English in 1990 ?

Yes, we did. No , we didn’t.

b．Was/Were + 主语 ＋ 表语 ？

Was he an English teacher ten years ago?

Yes , he was. No , he wasn’t.

Was the girl at home last night?

Were they at the park the day before yesterday?

Yes ,they were . No , they weren’t .

Was he a pupil five years ago ?

Yes , he was. No , he wasn’t.

（4）一般过去时的特殊疑问句：

a．特殊疑问词 ＋ did + 主语 ＋ 动词原形 „„？

1. What did she do yesterday?

2.What time did it began to rain last night?

3.Where did your parents live five years ago？

4.What did you do last Sunday？

b．特殊疑问词 ＋ were/was ＋ 主语 „„？

When w as he an English teacher ?

Where was the girl last night?

五、时间特征

在一般过去时句子中，通常与下列表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday, yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening, the day before yesterday（前天）, last night, last week, last month, last year,

a moment ago（刚才）, just now（刚才）, two days ago, a week ago, in 1990,„

六、动词过去式的构成规律

(一)规则动词的过去式

1.一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。

look→looked

play→played

start→started

visit→visited

2.以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。

live→lived

use→used

3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed。

study→studied, try→tried

fly→flied

4.以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 –ed。

stop→stopped plan→planned, prefer→preferred

(二)不规则动词的过去式

1.改变动词中的元音

begin→began drink→drank

come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew

win→won speak→spoke take→took write→wrote get→got

2.变词尾的–d 为–t

build→built

lend→lent

send→sent

spend→spent

bend→bent

3.与动词原形一样

cut→cut

put→put

cost→cost

hurt→hurt

shut→shut

4.变-ay 为-aid (少数动词)

say→said

pay→paid

lay→laid

5.采用不同词根:

sell→sold

teach→taught

buy→bought

6.其他

am/is→was

are→were

have/has→had

do→did

七、加“-ed”后的读音方法

1.ed加在清辅音后面读/t/。

finished /-t/

help /-t/

asked /-t/

2.ed加在浊辅音或元音结尾的，读/d/。

played /-d/

lived /-d/

enjoyed /-d/

3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面，读/id/。

wanted /-tid/

needed /-did/

visited /-tid/

附加释义

八、句式变化

(一)、一般过去式的一般疑问句

1.把was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was„？引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes,I/he/she/it was.否定回答为：No,I/he/she/it wasn’t. 如果是第一人称，要把was改为were。由Were„？引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes, we/they were.否定回答为：No, we/they weren’t.

如：

（1）I was born in Shanghai.

→Were you born in Shanghai?

→Yes, I was. (肯定回答)

→No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)

（2）They were in Li Yan’s home last night.

→Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?

→Yes, they were. (肯定回答)

→No, they weren’t. (否定回答)

(3)It was cloudy yesterday afternoon.

→Was it cloudy yesterday afternoon?

→Yes, it was. (肯定回答)

→No, it wasn’t. (否定回答)

2.在行为动词的句子中，要用助动词词did来引导，其余的语序不变。要注意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes, „did. 否定回答：No, „didn’t.

如：

（1）John played computer games last night.

→Did John play computer games last night?

→Yes, he did. (肯定回答)

→No, he didn’t. (否定回答)

(2)They took a trip to Hang Zhou last summer?

→Yes, they did. (肯定回答)

→No, they didn’t. (否定回答)

（二）、一般过去式的否定句

1.在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。 如：

（1）He was in the park the day before yesterday.

→He was not in the park the day before yesterday.

(2)We were busy last week.

→We were not busy last week.

2.在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即：didn’t + 动词原形。 如：

（1）She played the violin last night.

→She didn’t play the violin last night.

(2)They swam in the lake yesterday.

→They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.

(三)、一般过去式的特殊疑问句

1.What did „ ?（主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动词原形。）

We ate Chinese food last night.

→What did we eat last night?

2.Where did„„„?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)

They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.

→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?

3.Who + 动词过去式 „ ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)

Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.

→Who climbed mountains last weekend?