有机污染物对水稻生长发育的影响
有机污染物对水稻生长发育的影响
摘要为探讨有机污染物对水稻生长发育的影响, 以水稻品系哈04-34为试验材料, 采用盆栽试验方法, 在人工气候箱内模拟水稻生长环境, 进行调查研究。结果表明:任意浓度各有机污染物处理都抑制水稻的生长发育, 均表现为拖后抽穗、延缓抽穗进程、延迟成熟等症状。硝基苯和氯苯处理能使水稻移栽成活率下降、推迟返青; 萘高浓度(97.2 mg/L以上) 处理能够降低移栽成活率, 成活率仅达90%。
关键词水稻; 有机污染物; 生长发育
EffectofOrganicContaminationsonRiceGrowthandDevelopment
LUO Yu1,2
(1Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute,HAAS,Harbin Hei long jiang 150086; 2Harbin All-around Experimental Station,Rice Technology Research System of State)
AbstractTo explore the effect of organic contaminations on rice growth and development,rice line Ha 04-34 was investigated and studied as test material by pot experiments in the artifical air box to stimulate rice growth environment. The results showed that random concentration of organic contaminations could restrain the rice growth,and the performances were delaying heading,progress of heading and maturity. etc. Nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene declined surviving rate and delayed reviving period. Naphthaline of high concentration,which was above 97.2 mg/L,declined surviving rate of transplanting seedings,with the surviving rate only 90%.
Key wordsrice;organic contamination;growth and development
有机物大多都是重要的化工原料, 广泛应用于燃料、医药、炸药、农药及高分子化学工业中[1]。它们通过废水排放进入环境, 造成水体严重污染。然而, 我国总体水资源不足, 随着国民经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高, 灌溉用水不断被工业和城市生活用水所挤占, 农业缺水日趋严重, 特别是北方地区, 由于水资源开发几乎达到了临界状态, 农业灌溉用水的不足只能通过节水灌溉、污水灌溉甚至超采地下水来弥补[2]。同时, 水稻又是消耗水分最多的作物, 因而水稻是最易受到有机污染危害的粮食作物。因此, 研究有机污染物对水稻生长发育的影响尤为重要。
该文以哈04-34水稻品种为试验材料, 利用不同浓度的硝基苯、氯苯和萘溶液进行灌溉, 并进行不同生育时期的跟踪调查, 初步探讨3种有机污染物对水稻生长