土著花生根瘤菌田间试验研究
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土著花生根瘤菌田间试验研究
作者:刘世旺 徐艳霞 颜蕾等
来源:《湖北农业科学》2015年第06期
摘要:于鄂东三地同时对花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)进行接种土著根瘤菌
(Rhizobium )HG-5菌株的田间试验。结果表明,接种处理对花生饱果率、百果干重和单株根瘤数等性状均有明显的促进作用,最终表现为花生产量增加,与对照组相比,平均增产
14.54%。HG-5菌株可作为当地生产上推广应用的优选菌株。关键词:花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn. );根瘤菌;田间试验;增产;亲和能力
中图分类号:S154.38+1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)06-1328-03 DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.06.012
Abstract:Three experiments located in the eastern Hubei Province were conducted under field condition in 2012 to study the effect of inoculating indigenous Rhizobium HG-5 strain of peanut(Arachis hypogaea Linn). The results showed that the characters of peanut including setting percentage , dry weight per hundred pods and nodule number per plant were obviously promoted. The yield of peanut per unit area was significantly increased by inoculating HG-5 when the peanut was seeded. The average yield increased by 14.54% compared with CK. HG-5 was well selected strain suitable for application in the local peanut production.
Key words:peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.); nodule bacteria(Rhizobium );field experiment ;yield increase;affinity
根瘤菌(Rhizobium )是一类能与豆科植物共生结瘤并固定空气中氮气的革兰氏阴性细菌,广泛分布于土壤中,全世界约有70余种[1,2]。不同的根瘤菌与豆科植物品种间的共生固氮能力存在着较大的差异。因此,筛选与豆科植物品种匹配、固氮能力强的优良菌株,是提高根瘤菌实际应用效果的重要途径[3-6]。
花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)是鄂东地区重要的经济作物,筛选适宜于当地环境、并与当地花生品种具有最佳亲和性(也称为亲和组合)的花生根瘤菌具有重要的实际意义[7]。已有研究报道,亲和组合菌株可通过自然选育、杂交选育、诱变选育、原生质体融合选育或基因工程选育得到[8],尚未见从土著根瘤菌中选育亲和组合菌株的报道。笔者认为,土著根瘤菌长期与特定的环境条件相适应,与当地长期耕种的作物品种也有一定的亲和性,所以,首次尝试直接从土著根瘤菌中筛选亲和性好、固氮能力强的高效花生根瘤菌菌株。首先,通过盆栽试验从分离得到的6株不同来源的土著花生根瘤菌菌株中初筛出优良菌株HG-5,选择鄂东地区大悟县、武穴市及黄州区3地作为种植试验点,对HG-5菌株进行了田间增产试验研究。 1 材料与方法