残疾人厕所 设计
The proposals for Design of Humanized Public ToiletFrank M.H.Wu
Taiwan Toilet Association, Chairman
Professor of National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
Abstract
Public toilet are facilities we use everyday, but it seems to be thought of as dirty, smelly,and unsafe. How to eliminate this kind of image is of key importance, it deserveseveryone’s concern and effort to amend such problem. The design priority for publictoilet is humanization - it has to be designed with the need of user’s behavior. Secondly,the brightness, good ventilation and safety are important as well. Thirdly, it should beeasy to clean and maintain. According to this understanding and based on my previouspersonal experiences of toilet designs, I would be glad to present this information to thebenefit of our「toilet family」as a whole in the hope that it will meet with overwhelmingsupport.
Keywords
Humanization 、Safe and comfortable、Toilet behavior of disabled people、Dressing platform for ladies.
Introduction
Public toilets are places that everyone must use everyday; the distinction of toilet designis an issue of concern. Does it accord with our daily behavior of use or whether it is easyto clean? Taipei began to promote cleaning programs since 2000. In recent years,department stores, cinemas, restaurants, stations, markets, parks, schools, and all
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administrative units have dedicated their utmost efforts to work on the cleanliness. Thecity implemented new plans as well, that really did make some noticeable improvementin public toilets. However, in the design of public toilets there remain a lot of problemswaiting to be improved. In the following we will present some examples and discussion:1 Design of toilet used by disabled people
Most of the designs for toilets used by physically
disable people do not meet the needs of users. This is
often because the designer did not understand the way
in which disabled people use the toilet, and rarely have
a chance to accompany them to go to toilet. Therefore,
they always refer to existing information and simply
copy old designs with little evolution or modifications.
This is a mistake that should not be made. There are
few criteria that we have to pay more attention to:
(1)The door width for disable toilet should be
90cm, preferably equipped with light manual
sliding door that should not have threshold and
must level with ground level. Electronic door is
apt to suffer from power failure or breakdowns,
making most of disabled people afraid of
being locked inside.
(2)The disabled toilet shall have a net turn-
around space with a diameter of 150cm to
allow for a wheel chair to make a U-turn.
(3)Disabled people sit on the wheelchair
most of the time, so insufficient muscle
movement often causes peristalsis of the
intestines. Therefore, most suffer from
excretion difficulties and constipation,
they have to assist the feces out with their
hands or use an enema, thus making
both hands dirty and unable to wear
trousers. Consequently, a small washbasin is needed to fix next to the
wall beside the disabled water closet.
(Re：Photo 1.)
2Photo 1. The disabled toilet with a backrest without water tank. A small washbasin next to it, the width of two handles is 70cm and height of 65cm. (228 Park in Taipei) Fig 1. A disabled toilet with small washbasin next to the water closet, 2 sets of flush button, emergency bell, and paper holders should be provided. (Note 1)
(4)The water closet should provide a backrest without seat cover. The height of thewater closet should be 40cm.
(5)Handles are to assist the disabled person in using the toilet, two handles beside thetoilet seat give support for disabled people taking off their trousers, so the heightshould be 63~65cm, and a width distance of 67~70cm to facilitate use. One of thesuspended handles should be moveable and easy to turn, the other sidewall’s handleshould be L-shaped (preferably length of each handle is 80cm)
(6)The disable toilet does not need a water tank. It is better to provide a pressure flushwith a flush button must not set behind the toilet seat, but instead placed it should beeasy to reach and place on top of the small washbasin (height is120cm). Next toflush button, an emergency bell should be provided. Lastly, a toilet paper holder canbe placed beside the small washbasin.
(7)Because the disabled person sits on a wheelchair, they use urine pot or a catheter tourinate, so the sidewall next to L-shaped handle should provide another set of flushing buttons, toilet paper holder and emergency bell. (Re：Fig 1). They canpress the flush button while sitting in the wheelchair.
(8)Minimum dimensions of the disabled toilet and its entrance-appliance relationshipare detailed in fig 2.The required space for a disabled toilet varies with respect tomanual and powered wheelchairs. The basic layout of the water closet and washbasin, and their relationship with the entrance shall be as indicated in fig2.2 Multi-functional disabled toilets
The facility and related costs of a disabled toilet are very high, yet the usage frequency
Layout of Entrance Direction A
Manual wheelchairPowered
wheelchair X Y X Y
Min [**************]0
Ult. [**************]0
(Unit：mm) Layout of Entrance Direction BManual wheelchairPowered wheelchair X Y X Y Min. [**************]0Ult. [**************]0 (Unit：mm)
Fig 2 . Recommended dimensions for disabled toilet and its entrance-
appliances relationship. (Note 1) All dimensions are net dimension.
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of most disabled toilets is extremely low. Recently, in order to increase the disabledtoilet usage frequency, there was an international trend of incorporating baby toilet, babychairs, diaper tables, artificial-anus feces lavatories etc. into a disabled toilet so that itbecomes multi-functional; it is no longer a disabled toilet only but a parent-child-toiletand an artificial-anus-toilet as well so that its usage is expanded. This configuration hasor “Universal Toilet”.variety of facilities
to become universal one:
(1) Diaper Table (baby bed)
(2)Baby Chair.
(3)Child’s water closet or urinal.
(4)Artificial anus feces lavatory – A feces lavatory can be added to a disabled toilet for
Fig 3.Added with baby toilet, baby
chair, and infant bed to become a
family toiletFig 4. A multi functional toilet with artificial anus feces lavatorythe use of Ostomates or artificial bladder users; this
lavatory is preferably fit with a detachable warm water
rinse faucet on top of it. Additionally, there should be a
flip-open trashcan for disposing used urinal bags. A
dressing mirror and some hangers shall be installed on
the wall. (Re: Fig 4)
(9)Dressing platform for women – if a women’s
menstrual period comes when she is shopping in a
department store or in a park, it is very inconvenient if
they change their clothes in a water closet compartment.
4Photo 2. A disable toilet provides with dressing platform for ladies (228 Park in Taipei)
A detachable platform of size 60 ×60 cm on a wall (under Baby Bed) in a disabledtoilet would be preferable for them to lock up the disable toilet door and changeclothes privately. A specific changing room is equally preferable, but must be equipped with a basin. (Re: Photo2 & Fig 6)
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