2015年职称英语理工类A级
2015年全国职称英语等级考试
理工类（A级）试题
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1.
A．private B．special C．general D．good
2.
A．attract B．encourage C．spend D．require
3.
A．evidence B．case C．danger D．picture
4.
A．scientific B．basic C．social D．hardworking
5.
A．break B．close C．sell D．combine
6.
A．disproved B．accepted C．disputed D．supported
7.
A．similar B．polite C．usual D．bad
8.
A．moderate B．equal C．great D．immediate
9.
A．unclear B．bad C．bright D．general
10.
A．critical B．necessary C．normal D．terrible
11
A．generate B．measure C．tolerate D．reduce
12.
A．humorous B．boring C．long D．original
13.
A．free B．regular C．physical D．energetic
14.
A．relief B．doubt C．confusion D．failure
15.
A．doubt B．anger C．love D．surprise
第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Monarch without a Kingdom
This November， a hundred million butterflies will drop from the sky over Mexico， like autumn leaves. But for how long？ Genetically modified maize （玉米） could mean extinction for this beautiful butterfly， Rafael 1
Ruiz reports.
Although its body is about 3 cm long and it only weighs 1 gin， the Monarch butterfly manages to travel 5，000 km each year. It seems to be so fragile， but its long journeys are proof of its amazing ability to survive. This autumn， the Monarch butterfly will once more set out on its journey from the US. It will keep going until it reaches Mexico. It travels these huge distances to escape the cold weather in the north.
In November， millions of Monarchs fall like bright， golden rain onto the forests in the mountains of central Mexico. In the silence of these mountains you can hear a strange flapping （拍动） of wings， as the Monarchs arrive at their destination. In the mountains， which reach a height of 3，000 metres， the butterflies are safe. Before reaching their journey’s end they have faced strong winds， rain and snowstorms and they do not all manage to reach their destination. When the winters are really bad， perhaps 70 per cent of them will not survive. Their long journey to Mexico is thought to be one of the most amazing events in the whole of the American continent. When they get there they will stay until the beginning of April， when their internal calendar tells them that it is time to go back. The long journey， with all its dangers， begins again.
These delicate creatures now face danger of another kind - from scientific progress. In the US， millions of farms grow genetically modified maize which is pure poison for the butterfly. Laboratory experiments have shown that half of the butterflies which feed on the leaves of genetically modified maize die within 48 hours. Not all experts agree that this variety of maize is responsible for the threat to the Monarchs. In spite of these doubts， the European Union has refused to approve new crops of genetically modified maize until further investigations have been carried out.
Greenpeace is campaigning against genetically modified products （in Spain， there are already 20，000 hectares of modified maize）。 The environmental organization recently published a list of 100 species of butterfly in Europe alone which are threatened with extinction.
16 The Monarch butterfly travels 5，000 km each year.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17 The Monarch butterfly looks fragile.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18 The Mexicans like butterflies very much.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19 in bad winters， about 70 per cent of the butterflies can stay alive
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20 In early April， the butterflies leave their winter homes flying back north
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21 Genetically modified maize isn’t poisonous to the butterflies.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22 Genetically modified products are not popular in Mexico
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
笫3部分：概括大意与完成句子【第23 ~30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23 -26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27 - 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
The Science of Sport
1 At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens， the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 meters hurdles （跨栏） when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter （短跑运动员） Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast.
2 Record-breaking in all track events is Slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless， every four years， records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what’s behind this never-ending improvement in performance？ And how long can we keep breaking records？ Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds？ 2
3 Most experts agree that it isn’t the athletes’ bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed， but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete’s body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.
4 Scientists have shown that an athlete’s body’s needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training program and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling， for example， are endurance （耐力） sports and require a different parathion （硝苯硫磷脂） to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports， changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.
5 But in any sport， a player’s success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance~ For example， the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match， tennis players are encouraged to use visualization （想象） techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.
6 But as science begins to dominate sport， are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition， the sporting challenge？
.
第 4部分:阅读理解 (第 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。
第1篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright
Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don't question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences have discovered that human walking upright , may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high-quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources, in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape - one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees - to walk on two legs.
“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs,” said Dr. Richmond.
The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at 3
one time because it frees up their hands. Over time, intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.
Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea, The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University's “ outdoor laboratory” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut—the oil palm nut, which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees
When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.
In such high-competition settings, the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource ,but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available - even their mouths.
The second study , by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University
31. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?
A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.
B Chimpanzee's behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs.
C Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.
D Our ancestors' ecological conditions resembled those of modern-day chimpanzees.
32. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding
A when humans began walking on two legs.
B What made our ancestors walk upright.
C what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors.
D how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources.
33. Kyoto,Universitry’s study discovered that chimpanzees
A regarded both types of nut as priced resources.
B preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts.
C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.
D ignored both types of nut altogether.
34. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment?
A Because they imitated the human way of walking just for fun.
B Because they wanted to please the researchers to get more coula nuts from them.
C Because they wanted to get to the nut-rich forest faster-by walking that way.
D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.
35. What can we infer from the reading passage?
A Chimpanzees are in the same process of evolution as our ancestors were.
B Chimpanzees are similar to humans in many behaviors.
C Walking on two limbs and walking on four limbs each have their advantages.
D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.
第2篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as
Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as 4
a result of their activity as
Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:
The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem． Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.
36 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?
A Because they build their own nests. B Because they collect food.
C Because their activity affects the environment. D Because they are predators.
37. As predators, ants
A prey on small as well as large animals. B collect nutritious food from the soil
C collect food as decomposers. D prey on species much higher up the food chain.
38. Dir Sanders' study centered on how ants
A can manage to thrive in huge numbers.
B defend their resources and territory against other predators.
C attack those invading animals for survival.
D produce such a big impact on the environment.
39. What does paragraph 6 tell us?
A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.
40. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?
A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live?
B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem?
C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem?
5
D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?
第3篇 Affectionate Androids
Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid人形的 robots to dawn. And it won’t be long before we will see realistic cyber电脑的 companions, complete with skin, dexterity敏捷, and intelligence. They will be programmed to tend to your every need.
Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades. And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend，Levy said that such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.
Will humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines? It will, in fact, be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize人格化: to give human attributes to other creatures — even objects.
For example, researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months. The bot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition，and it giggled when tickled. The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down because its batteries were flat ，the kids even covered it with a blanket.
In a few decades, when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real, will people want to form relationships with them? What if the bots could hold a conversation? And be programmed to be the perfect companions — soul mates, even? Maybe your generation could resist, but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life. And like those toddlers in the experiment, they will be very accepting of them.
The next question, then, is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine. Even today there are people who form deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical.
But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive. For those who always seem to end up marrying the wrong man or woman, a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty tempting. As the father of artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky, put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: “If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding, why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people?”
A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart, as independent or subservient温顺的, as an owner desired. And that’s the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect in comparison. When you’re behaving badly, a good friend will tell you. However, few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.
People in relationships have to learn to adapt to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences. It makes us richer, stronger, and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However, there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.
41. What is David Levy’s viewpoint about marrying robots?
A. That is impossible
B. sheer absurdity
C. It is entirely possible to achieve in the next few decades
D. such marriages won’t be socially acceptable
42. Which of the following is CORRECT about a small humanoid robot played in a toddler playgroup ?
A. The bot knew each child.
B. it giggled when tickled.
C. it was programmed with face and voice recognition
D. The children didn’t treat it as a fellow toddler
43. In a few decades, what will humanoid robots become?
A. it looks and feels very real with plastic skin.
B. it can hold a conversation
6
C. it will be programmed to be the perfect companions .
D. all of above .
44. Whom will a sophisticated robot probably be even more attractive to?
A. young man.
B. girl .
C. those who always seem to end up marrying the wrong man or woman .
D. baby.
45. What’s the big disadvantage for Having the perfect robot partner?
A. It is expensive .
B. It is too sophisticated .
C. It will damage the ability to form equally deep human-human relationships.
D. It will be damageable.
第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分,共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文 ,据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Heat Is Killer
Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems -- even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.
. Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose，permitting freedom of movement1.
And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting，that are linked to heat. pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity3 for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.
Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure4，poor blood flow，nervousness or depression.
A Such persons have a weak or damaged heart，high blood pressure，or other problems of the blood system.
B Several of these conditions are present at the same time.
C Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress.
D Several hot days are considered a heat wave.
E So does extreme heat.
F Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat.
第6部分：完形填空（51~65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项.
Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk
so that customers can reduce the heart disease 7
in a new study．
of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol低密度脂蛋白胆固醇in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology心脏病，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is to offset the increase in heart attack risk a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．
Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out of having a heart attack.，as a fast food meal increases it.”
“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins ．It would cost less than 5 not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．
When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take that some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．
51 A.change B.charge C.chain D.chance
52 A.trust B.decide C.suggest D. calculate 53 A.number B.amount C.volume D.product
54 A.frequency B.treatment C.diagnosis D. risk
55 A.severe B.enough C.weak D.active
56 A.buying B.preparing C.eating D.cooking
57 A.unhealthy B.strong C.different D.doubtful
58 A.examination B.suffering C.determination D.possibility 59 A.degree B.dimension C. angle D.range
60 A.use B.hate C.reject D. like
61 A. transported B.provided C.preserved D.convened 62 A.cook B.patient C.customer D.visitor
63 A.measures B.care C.advantages D.turns
64 A.buying B.wearing C.cleaning D.changing 65 A.increasing B.finding C.lowering D. taking
2015年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）模考试题答案
一 1 D .2 B .3 C. 4 D. 5 D. 6 A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 A. 10 D. 11 C. 12 A. 13 D. 14 C. 15 B.
二．16 A 17 A 18C 19 B 20 A 21 B 22 C .
三．23 D 24 E 25 A 26 F 27 B 28 F 29 C 30 E
四．31A 32 B 33C 34 D 35 D 36 C 37 A 38 D 39B 40 C 41C 42 D 43D 44 C 45 C 五．46E 47 D 48 F 49 C 50 A
六．51B 52 C 53 B 54D 55B 56C 57A 58 D 59 A 60 D 61B 62C 63A 64B 65C
其中：
1－30每题1分；
31－45每题3分；46－50每题2分；51－65每题1分。试卷总分：100分。
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