八上英语语法
八上英语语法
unit1
惯用法:
1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物
2. taste + adj. 尝起来……
3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有
4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来
5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地
6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事
8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
9. want to do sth. 想去做某事
10. start doing sth. 开始做某事
11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
12. look + adj 看起来
13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢?
15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……
16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事
17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
词语辨析:
1. anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。
anywhere 在任何地方 , 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can’t find it anywhere.
somewhere 在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.
2. seem + 形容词 看起来….. You seem happy today.
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold
I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像…;似乎…. It seems that no one believe you. seem like ….好像,似乎….. It seems like a god idea.
3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.
decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.
4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始,可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin .
1)创办,开办: He started a new bllkshop last month.
2)机器开动: I can’t start my car.
3)出发,动身: I will start tomorrow morning.
5. over 介词,多于,超过,在…以上(表示数目、程度)= more than
My father is over 40 years old.
在…之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard. 超过: I hear the news over the radio.
遍及: I want to travel all over the world.
6. too many 太多,后接可数名词复数: Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.
too much 太多,修饰不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。
We have too much work to do. Don’t talk too much.
much too 太,修饰形容词或副词。
The hat is much too big for me. You’re walking much too fast.
分辨三者的口诀:
too much, much too, 用法区别看后头:
much 后接不可数, too 后修饰形或副。
too many 要记住,后面名词必复数。
7. because of 介词短语,因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。 He can’t take a walk because of the rain.
because 连词,因为,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。
I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.
复合不定代词或副的构成及用法
构成:
由some, any, no, every分别加上-body, -thing, -one构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词;加上-where构成副词。
用法:
(1)合成不定代词在句中可以作主语,宾语或表语等。
Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat.
(2)不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。 There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes reading.
(3)some-不定代词,通常用于肯定句中;any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。
Someone is calling me.
There isn’t anyone else there.
Is anybody over there?
Could you give me something to eat?
(4)形容词修饰不定代词时,通常要放在不定代词之后。
There is something delicious on the table.
(5)somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere用作副词。
Flowers come out everywhere.
注:
① 形容词修饰不定代词要后置:anything special
② 不定代词做主语时谓语用单数.
短语:
go on vacation
stay at home
go to the mountains
go to the beach
visit museums
go to summer camp
quite a few
study for
go out
most of the time
taste good
have a good time
of course
feel like
go shopping
in the past
walk around
too many
because of
one bowl of
find out
go on
take photos
something important
up and down
come up
语法:
Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.
Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.
Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father. How was the food? Everything tasted really good.
Did everyone have a good time? Oh,yes. Everything was excellent.
unit2
惯用法:
1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事
2. How about…? ….怎么样?/ ….好不好?
3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 ….有多少…..
5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 …发现…
6. It’s + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是….的
7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光
8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事
9. by doing sth. 通过做某事
10. What’s your favorite…..? 你最喜欢的……是什么?
11 start doing sth. 开始做某事
12. the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式
词语辨析:
1. how often 多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用:once,twice, three times 等词语。
How often do you play sports? Three times a week.
how long 多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长。
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?
how for 多远, 用来询问距离,指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers.
2.free 空闲的,有空的, 反义词为 busy.
be free 有空,闲着,相当于 have time.
I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week.
还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。
The tickets are free.
You’re free to go or to stay.
3.How come? 怎么会? 怎么回事?表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句, 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。
How come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party?
4.stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚,迟睡”。 Don’t stay up late next time.
stay up 指“熬夜,不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.
5.go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程,但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.
go to sleep 强调“入睡,睡着,进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.
6.find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 : We have found him (to be) a good boy.
find + 宾语 + 形容词, 发现: He found the room dirty.
find + 宾语 + 现在分词, 发现 : I found her standing at the door.
7.percent 百分数,
基数词 + percent: percent 没有复数形式,作主语时,根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。
Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.
Thirty percent of time passed.
8.more than 超过,多于,不仅仅, 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。
反义词组为:less than.
I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.
9. afraid 形容词, 担心的,害怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。
I’m afraid we can’t come here on time.
be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事;
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。
Some children are afraid of the dark.
Don’t be afraid of asking question.
I’m afraid + 从句, 恐怕, 担心:
I’m afraid I have to go now.
10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别:
sometimes 频度副词, 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用,可位于句首、句中或句末。
Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?
sometime 副词,某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词when.
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?
some times 名词词组, 几次,几倍。其中time 是可数名词,对它提问用how many times. I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story?
some time 名词短语, 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时,句中谓语动词常为延续性动词,提问时用 How long.
I ‘ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here?
(一) 重点句型
1.-----What do you usually do on weekends? -----I often go to the movies.
(1) on weekends/on the weekend在周末
(2) go to the movies 去看电影
(3) 第一个do 助动词 第二个do 实意动词
基数词 + percent: percent 没有复数形式,作主语时,根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。
Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.
Thirty percent of time passed.
8.more than 超过,多于,不仅仅, 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。
反义词组为:less than.
I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.
9. afraid 形容词, 担心的,害怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。
I’m afraid we can’t come here on time.
be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事;
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。
Some children are afraid of the dark.
Don’t be afraid of asking question.
I’m afraid + 从句, 恐怕, 担心:
I’m afraid I have to go now.
10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别:
sometimes 频度副词, 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用,可位于句首、句中或句末。
Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?
sometime 副词,某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词when.
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?
some times 名词词组, 几次,几倍。其中time 是可数名词,对它提问用how many times. I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story?
some time 名词短语, 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时,句中谓语动词常为延续性动词,提问时用 How long.
I ‘ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here?
(一) 重点句型
1.-----What do you usually do on weekends? -----I often go to the movies.
(1) on weekends/on the weekend在周末
(2) go to the movies 去看电影
(3) 第一个do 助动词 第二个do 实意动词
2. hardly ever 几乎从不
hardly ever 相当于 hardly, ever起强调作用。
hardly 为副词,意为“几乎不没有)”,相当于almost not,本身具有否定含义,不能再使用其他否定词。
E.g. She hardly eats anything.
辨析: hardly 和hard
hard作形容词,意为“困难的,艰苦的,硬的”;
hard作副词,意为“努力地,猛烈地”。
hardly意为“几乎不”
3. ----How often do you watch TV? ----Twice a week.
(1) how often 意为“多久一次,多长时间一次”,用来提问频率。
(2) twice a week 一周两次
拓展:
一次 once
两次 twice
三次或三次以上 基数词+ times three times four times
4. What's your favorite program? = What program do you like best?
你最喜欢的节目是什么?
5. How come?怎么回事?怎么会? 表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句。相当于疑问词why。但how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍是陈述语序。 How come you didn't tell me about it? = Why you didn't tell me about it?
6. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我也许一个月去看一次电影。
maybe 副词,意为“或许,大概,可能”,常位于句首。
E.g. Maybe he knows the way to the park.
辨析:maybe 与 may be
maybe副词,作状语,意为“或许,大概,可能”,常位于句首。
may be 属于“情态动词+be 动词”结构,意为“可能是”。
7. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities.
ask ab. about sth. 询问某人某事
8. We all know that many students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percent of
them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week. 我们都知道许多学生经常上网,但是让我们感到惊讶的是90%的学生每天都上网,而另外10%的学生一周至少上网达三至四次。
(1) other: adj. 其他的+名词
the other: adj. 其他的+名词(在特定的范围内)
one...the other... 一个....另一个
E.g. One of them is blue,the other ones are purple.
它们的其中一个是蓝色的,其他的是紫色的。
others: 其他的东西
the others: 其他的东西(在特定的范围内)
E.g. One of the children likes reading,the others like singing.
后句可替换为the other students like singing.
(2) at least 至少 at most 最多,至多
E.g. I have ten yuan in my pocket at most.
9. Most students use it for fun and not for homework.
大多数学生上网是为了娱乐而不是为了写家庭作业。
10. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.
关于看电视的调查结果也十分的有趣。
the answers to our questions 问题的答案
dance to the music 和着音乐的节奏跳舞
key to the lock 这把锁的钥匙
11. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.
尽管许多学生喜欢看体育节目,但是娱乐节目是最流行的。
12. It is good to relax by using the Internet of watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通过使用因特网看娱乐节目来放松很不错,但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼来放松。
(1) It’s +adj.+to do sth 做某事„„的
E.g. It’s very easy to learn English well.
(2) by doing sth. 通过做某事
(3) the best way to do sth. is做某事的最好方式
13. It is healthy for the mind and the body. 这有益于身心健康。
stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康
14. Old habits die hard. 旧习难改。
(二)语法知识: 频度副词
1. 频度副词的含义
(1) 表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。
常用的频度副词按高低依次为
always > usually > sometimes > seldom > hadly ever > never
100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0%
(2) 表示具体的频率、次数时,一次用once,两次用twice,三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”表示: three times, four times, six times
2. 频度副词在句中的位置
(1 )频度副词一般在实意动词之前,be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后
E.g. We never eat junk food.
Lucy is sometimes very busy.
I can hardly say a word.
(2)有些频度副词也可位于句首,但表示不同含义 sometimes 常位于句首,和位于句中区别不大。
E.g. Sometimes Jack plays computer games.
often 用于句首时,通常表示强调,且其前一般有quite,very 修饰
E.g.Very often he goes online.
Usually 也可位于句首,其前不用修饰语。
E.g. Usually my father goes up early.
Always 一般不用于句首,但可以用在祈使句中。
E.g. Always remember this.
3. 对频度副词提问时,用how often
E.g. ---How often do you go to the movies? ---Once a month
unit3
短语用法:
1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣
2. want to do sth. 想要做某事
3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与…一样…
4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事
5. make sb. Do sth. 让某人做某事
6. It’s+ 形容词 + for sb. To do sth..对某人来说,做某事是……的
词语辨析:
1. laugh v. n. 笑
We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来。
We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。
He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。
(与at连用)嘲笑
Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。
People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。
Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。
笑;笑声
We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。
2. though conj. 虽然;纵然;即使;尽管 = although
Though it was raining,he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨,他还是到那里去了。
Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。
注意:不能受汉语的影响,在though引导的从句后使用but。如:
Though he was poor,but he was happy.(误)
though adv.. 不过,可是,然而,常用于句末,用逗号隔开。
Jim said that he would come, he didn’t , though.
(一) 重点句型
1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓,但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。
both
(1) 表示“两者都”, both用在含有be动词的句中,应放在be动词的后面;用在含有行为动词的句中,应放在行为动词的前面,
(2) both…and…表示“两者都”,both...and在句中连接并列成分,如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等,位置比较灵活。
E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语)
The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(连接谓语)
拓展:
all表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思,
every指三个以上的人或物(含三个),
each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。
2. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。
as...as意为“与……一样……”,as...as中间接形容词或副词的原级。其否定结构not as/so...as意为“不如……”。
E.g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。
Tom gets up as early as Jim. 汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。
Lucy isn’t as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。
注意:
(1) 其否定式为not as/so +adj./adv. +as。
E.g. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.
(2) 若有修饰成分,如twice, three times, half, a quarter等,则须置于第一个as之前。
E.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。
3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.
不过,你能看得出来,丽萨确实想赢。
win此处用作不及物动词,意为“赢;获胜”;
win还可用作及物动词,意为“赢得;在……中获胜”,此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。
E.g. He won the first prize. Who won the race?
辨析:win与beat
win表示“赢得;获胜”,用作及物动词时,其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. We won the basketball game.
beat表示“打赢;战胜”,用于比赛时,其宾语为所战胜的对手。
E.g. Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.
(2) though此处作副词,意为“不过;可是;然而”,通常用于句末,前面用逗号与句子隔开。 E.g. Jim said that he would come; he didn’t, though.
拓展:
though作连词,意为“虽然;尽管”,相当于although。
E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily.
注意:although/though与but不能同时出现在一个句子中。
E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily.
=He has no money, but he lives very happily.
4. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。
the most important意为“最重要的”,是important的最高级形式,important的比较级为more important.形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词the。
E.g. I think English is the most important of all the subjects.
The most important thing is to work hard.
(2) have fun意为“获得乐趣;玩得高兴”。
E.g. It’s a good place to have fun.
拓展:
have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣”。
E.g. Did you have fun visiting that country?
5. ....truly cares about me...
care about 关心,在意
take care当心
take care of 照顾
6. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我发笑。
(1) make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”
E.g. His father always makes him get up before five o’clock.
拓展:make的用法:
① make加名词make food 做饭 make the bed 铺床 make money 赚钱
② make + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人感到……;使……处于某种状态 E.g. The soft music makes Tina sleepy.
③ make sb./sth. + n. 使某人成为…… E.g. The party made her a good teacher.
④ make sb./sth. + 过去分词 让某人被…… E.g. I made myself understood by all the students.
⑤ make sb./sth. + do sth. 使某人做某事(不能带不定式符号to) E.g. Wars make the peace go away.
注意:当make用于被动语态时,必须带不定式符号to.
E.g. We were made to work all night.
I was made to repeat the story.
(2) 辨析:laugh与smile
① laugh一般表示“出声地(大)笑”,不但有面部表情,而且还有声音。 laugh at...意为“嘲笑……;因……而发笑”。 E.g. Don’t laugh when you have a meal.
② smile一般表示“无声地微笑”,指的是面部表情。 smile at...意为“向……微笑”。 E.g. He smiled at me.
7. Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too.
talented为形容词,意为“有才能的,有才干的”,其比较级形式为more talented。be talented in为固定搭配,表示“在……方面有天赋”。
E.g. She is a talented musician. 她是一名天才音乐家。
The boy is talented in dancing. 这个男孩很有舞蹈天赋。
8. I’m quieter and more serious than most kids. 我比大多数的孩子更文静更稳重。
(1) serious为形容词,意为“严肃的;稳重的”。 E.g. My math teacher is very serious in class.
拓展:
① nothing serious意为“没有什么严重的”。
② be serious about... 意为“对……认真”。
E.g. Is she serious about giving up her job?
9. That’s why I like reading books and studying harder in class. 那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。
That’s why...意为“那就是……的原因”,why引导的句子作表语,是表语从句。
E.g. That’s why I don’t want to leave here.
I got up late, and that’s why I missed the bus.
10. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. 我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不是很容易。
“It’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构,意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。
结构中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词,如difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,necessary,possible等。 E.g. It’s very important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day.
It’s dangerous for a child to stay at home alone.
11. But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. 但是我认为朋友就像书一样——你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。
as long as意为“只要;既然”,引导条件状语从句,主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词can时,所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g.You can leave here as long as you tell the truth.
You will get good grades as long as you work hard.
12. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. 然而,拉里经常帮助我表现出最好的一面。
bring out意为“使显现;使表现出”。
E.g. I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。
拓展:
① bring out还意为“出版;生产”。 E.g. The company is bringing out a new sports car. ② bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好/最坏的一面展现出来 E.g. Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.
13. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. 我真的不介意我的朋友是与我一样还是不同。
if作连词,意为“是否”,引导宾语从句,常用于ask,know,wonder,find out等动词(短语)之后。
E.g. I don’t know if he is at home.
He asks me if I like music.
14. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。
(1) reach for sth.意为“伸手取某物”,reach此处作不及物动词,意为“伸手”。 E.g. He reaches for the box, but he is too short.
拓展:reach作及物动词,意为“到达;抵达”。
E.g. When will you reach Beijing?
辨析:reach, get to与arrive
① reach为及物动词,后面直接接宾语。 E.g. They reached Hangzhou yesterday. ② get to后接地点名词,如果接there,here或home等地点副词,to必须省略。 E.g. How did you get to the station?
③ arrive为不及物动词,后接地点名词时必须加介词at或in。到达国家、城市等大的地方用in,到迭学校、商店等小的地方用at。接there,here或home等地点副词时不用介词in或at。
E.g. I arrived at the company three hours ago.
They arrived in Hangzhou yesterday.
(2) touch及物动词,意为“感动;触摸”。
E.g. The sad story touched us.
He touched his son’s head lightly.
unit4
惯用法
1.Can I ask you some…?我能问你一些……吗?
如:Can I ask you some questions? (some用在疑问句中表示委婉语气、建议,不能换成any)
2.How do you like…? =What do you think of…?你认为……怎么样?
如:How do you like it so far? =What do you think of it so far?到目前为止你认为它怎么样?
3.Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。
如:Thanks for telling me. 谢谢你告诉我。
4. the +序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数.“第几…的…”
如:He is the second tallest boy in the class.
5.much+ adj./adv.的比较级 “……得多”,即much可以修饰比较级。
如:He is much better than other actors at finding the most interesting roles.他比其他演员更擅长找到最有趣的角色。
6.watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事
如:It’s always interesting to watch other people show their talents.观看别人展示他们的天赋总是很有趣。
7.play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事的作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色
如:When people watch the show,they usually play a role in deciding the winner.当人们观看表演时,他们通常在决定冠军方面发挥作用。
8. one of the +最高级+可数名词复数 (意为“最...之一”,做主语时看做单数)
如:One of the longest rivers in China is the Yellow River.
注意:“one of +形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+可数名词复数”=“a/an +可数名词单数+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格”
如:one of my friends=a friend of mine我的一个朋友
如:one of the boy’s habits=a habit of the boy’s这个男孩的一个习惯
9.形容词最高级与比较级的转换,变成:
①形容词比较级+than any other +单数名词
②形容词比较级+than the other + 复数名词
③形容词比较级+than anyone else
如:Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than anyone else in his class.
= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.
注意:Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom's class.
难句解析
1. ---What’s the best clothes store in town?城里最好的的服装店是哪家?
---I think Miller’s is the best.我觉得米勒的服装店是最好的。
解析:
①此句中best 是good 的最高级形式,其前应加定冠词the。
②in town 在城镇,town前加不加任何冠词或修饰成分。但是in the city 在城市;in the country在乡村,在农村。city/country前加定冠词the。
如:Do you like living in town or in the city?你喜欢住在城镇还是住在城市里?
Go to town去镇上。
Go to the city去城里
③此句中 Miller’s 是名词所有格的形式,表示场所、店铺等意义。如:
the barber’s 理发店
the doctor’s 诊所
my uncle’s 我叔叔家
④clothes 本身是复数形式,后面动词应用复数。
Clothing 是复合名词,衣服的总称,没有复数形式,后面动词应用单数。
如:The clothes in that shop are expensive. 那家店的衣服贵。
All the clothing in the shop is very cheap. 这家店里的衣服很便宜。
2. It has the most comfortable seats. 它有最舒适的座位。
3.You can sit the most comfortably because they have the biggest seats.因为它们有最大的座位所以你可以坐得最舒服。
解析:
①comfortable 为形容词,意为“舒适的”,用来修饰seats。most comfortable 是它的最高级形式,在句中使用时,要在其最高级前加the.
②Comfortably 为comfortable的副词,意为“舒服地;舒适地”,用来修饰它前面的sit,most comfortably 是它的最高级形式。在句中使用时,其最高级前可以加the也可以不加。 类似的词在本单元还有许多。例如:
beautiful-beautifully,cheap-cheaply,careful-carefully等
4. It’s the closest to home. 它离家最近。
解析:
1)close 在此句中为形容词,意为“近的,接近的”,既可指时间,也可以指空间上的。closest 为形容词 close的最高级形式。其反义词为far, 近义词为near。在表达“离……近”时,用(be)close to 结构。
如:The post office is close to the park. 邮局离公园近。
He sat close to us. 他挨着我们坐。
be close to home.离家近
拓展:
①close/near
close与near都意为“近的”,但close比near表达的距离更近,相当于very near,可以近至几乎相接触,而near意为“附近的;邻近的。”
如:My home is near our school.我家离我们学校很近。
②close还是一个动词,意为“关;关闭”。其反义词为open。例如:
Please close the windows before leaving. 离开前请将窗户关上。
Don’t close your eyes, please. 请不要闭上眼睛。
③close还可意为“亲密的”
如:You are my close friend.你是我最亲密的朋友。
2)home 在这里为名词,意为“家”.
注意:包含“爱;温暖;舒适;安全”等意义,通常不用冠词修饰。
如:Home is where the heart is.心在哪里,哪里就是家。
5.It’s always interesting to watch other people show their talents.观看别人展示他们的天赋总是很有趣。
解析:
①It’s interesting to do sth. 意思是 “做某事有趣”,它是It’s +adj+to do sth.句型的一种形式,it 作形式主语,to do sth.是真正的主语。
如:It’s very interesting to play computer games.玩电脑游戏很有趣。
②watch 在句中是感官动词。
watch sb.do sth. 意为“观看某人做了某事或经常观看某人做某事”,强调“观看动作的全过程”。
如:I watched them play football the whole afternoon.整个下午我在看他们踢足球。 watch sb.doing sth. 则表示“观看某人正在做某事”强调“动作正在进行”。
如:I’m watching them playing football. 我正在观看他们踢足球。
③hear,see, feel, notice 等感官动词的用法与watch一致。例如:
I saw him get on the bus. 我看见他上了公共汽车。(动作已完成)
I saw him getting on the bus. 我看见他正在上公共汽车。(动作正在进行)
注意:后接不带to的动词不定式做宾补的动词有:
三眼,两耳,一注意,加上三个小使役,半个help莫忘记。即:
三眼:look at, see, watch
两耳:hear, listen to
一注意:notice
三个小使役:have , let , make
help后面的动词不定式作宾补时,to可有可无。
6. Thanks for telling me. 谢谢你告诉我。
解析:Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。=Thank sb. for doing sth.
如:---Thanks a lot for your help.非常感激你的帮助。---You are welcome.
7. No problem
解析:不用客气(主要用于美国英语);没问题。
如:---Thank you.
--- No problem/Not at all/ You are welcome.
如:---Could you post me for this letter?
--- No problem.
8.All kinds of people join these shows.各种各样的人都可参加这些表演。
解析:
1)all kinds of 意为“各种类型的,各种各样的”,kind此处作可数名词,意为“种类,类别”,different kinds of,意为“不同种类的”。
如:Now, parents always make their children take part in all kinds of activities.现在,父母总是让孩子参加各种各样的活动。
如:There are many different kinds of animals in the zoo.动物园里有许多不同类型的动物。 拓展:
①kind of ,意为“有点儿”=a little.修饰形容词或副词。
如:I feel kind of hungry.我感觉有点饿。
②kind作形容词,意为“和蔼的”,be kind to “对…和蔼”
如:She is very kind to children.她对孩子们非常和蔼。
2) join,v. 加入,参加(加入人群、团体、组织和机构等)
拓展:
join/join in/ take part in
①join:加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体,不可用join in。
如:
He will never forget the day when he joined the Party. 他永远也忘不了他入党的那一天。
His brother joined the army three years ago. 他哥哥是三年前参军的。
join:还可解释为“连接”。如:
The railway joined the two cities. 铁路把两个城市连接起来了。
The two clauses are joined by a conjunction. 两个分句由一个连词连接起来。
②join in:多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等,常用于日常口语。
如:
Come along, and join in the ball game. 快,来参加球赛。
Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈?
注意:如果说“与其人一起做某事”,则用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。
如:
May I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗?
Come and join us in the discussion. 来和我们一起讨论吧!
We are having supper now. Would you like to join us? 我们正在吃晚饭,你也来和我们一起吃好吗?
③take part in:参加(群众性活动、会议等),往往指参加者持积极态度.起一定作用。 如:
A great number of students took part in May 4 Movement. 大批学生参加了五四运动。
All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning. 所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。
注意:take part in是惯用词组,part前一般不用冠词,但part前有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词。
如:Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery. 林肯积极参加政治活动,强烈反对奴隶制。
9. That’s up to you to decide. 这由你来决定。
解析:
be up to sb. 意为“是某人的责任,由某人决定”,常用到的结构是:It’s up to sb. to do sth. 如:Protecting the environment is up to us. 保护环境是我们的责任。
如:It’s up to me to help you with English.帮助你学习英语是我的职责。
拓展:
①be up to意为“忙于;从事于”,其中to 是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。
如:What is she up to these days? 她这些天忙什么呢?
②be up to意为“胜任;适合”,通常用于否定句或疑问句。
如:He isn’t up to the work.他不能胜任这份工作。
如:This product isn’t up to the standard. 这个产品没达标。
如:Do you think Jim is up to doing it by himself? 你认为吉姆能独立完成这件事吗?
10. However, not everybody enjoys watching these shows.然而,并不是所有的人都喜欢看这些节目。
解析:
①not 与all,both,every及含有every的不定代词等连用时,并不否定全部,而只否定一部分。
如:Not all the students like English.并不是所有的学生都喜欢英语。
如:Both of them aren’t good at dancing.他们两个都不擅长跳舞。
如:Not everyone is interested in this movie.并不是每个人都对这部电影感兴趣。
②enjoy此处为及物动词,意为“喜欢”,后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
拓展:
只能接动名词作宾语的及物动词或短语有:enjoy , finish , keep , practice , have fun , feel like(想要)。
11.And one great thing about these shows is that they give people a way to make their dreams come true.这些节目很重要的是它们给了人们一个能让他们的梦想实现的渠道。
解析:
①该句是一个表语从句,that they give people a way to make their dreams come true在复合句中作表语。
②give,v.“给予,提供”,可接两个宾语,成为双宾语,give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.,意为“把某物给某人”
如:He gave me a dictionary.=He gave a dictionary to me.
拓展:
常在中考中出现的可接双宾语的动词主要有:
tell, hand, pass, give, teach, bring,send, lend, show 等 ;v. sb. sth. = v. sth. to sb.
buy, cook, get, make, draw 等 ;v. sb. sth. = v. sth. for sb.
注意:如果直接宾语是代词,只能用含有介词to/for的形式。
如:Please give it to Li Lei.
如:My father buys it for me.
短语:
so far 到目前为止,迄今为止
no problem 没什么,别客气
have….in common 有相同特征(想法、兴趣等方面)相同
be up to 是….的职责
all kinds of ….. 各种各样的……
play a role 发挥作用,有影响
make up 编造(故事、谎言等)
for example 例如
take …..seriously 认真对待
not everybody 并不是每个人
close to 离….近
more and more 越来越……
常用法:
Can I ask you some…….
How do you like……. 你认为……怎么样
Thanks fpr doing sth.
What do you think of ……..
much + 形容词或副词比较级 …….得多
watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事
play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用
one of +可数名词复数 …..之一……
unit5
1. 不定式做宾语:want/ hope/ expect/ plan to do
2.Learn…from 从…学习 learn sth by heart熟记 learn sth by oneself自学
3. Plan to do sth/ plan on sth计划、打算做某事
Plan for sth考虑到某事
make a plan for… 为…制定计划
4. Hope to do/ hope that 希望 (没有hope sb to do的表达)
I hope so/ I hope not
5. Happen to sb/ sth某人/物发生不幸的事 eg:What happened to him?
Happen to do/ it happens that 碰巧
Happen偶然发生 take place事先安排的、人为的发生
6. Expect (sb) to do/ expect that 期待
7. One day某天(过去、将来)some day某天(将来) the other day=a few days ago前几天
8. Mean v.意味着(三单为means)
Means n.方法、工具、手段 by means of
Meaning n. 意义、含义 the meaning of
Meaningless adj. 毫无意义的
9. Mind v.介意 would/ do you mind (one’s)(not) doing sth?
I don’t mind them.
make up one’s mind下决心
change one’s mind改变主意
never mind没关系、不必担心
keep in one’s mind记住
10,think of认为、想起
think about认为、考虑
think over仔细考虑
11,be famous for因为…而著名
be famous as作为…而著名
12,appear v.出现(→disappear消失) appearance n. 出现、露面、外表
13,come out出版、发表,出来,开花
14,succeed v.成功 succeed in (doing) sth成功地做某事
Success n.成功
Successful adj.成功的
be successful in (doing) sth成功地做某事
Successfully adv.成功地
15,reason结论性原因 cause起因 excuse借口
16,danger n.危险
be in great danger处于极大危险中
out of danger脱离危险
endanger v. 使遭遇危险,危及
dangerous adj. 危险的
endangered adj.有灭绝危险的
17,luck n.运气—lucky adj.幸运的(→unlucky不幸的)—luckily adv. 幸运地
18,be ready to do sth愿意做某事
get ready to do sth准备去做某事
get ready for为…做准备
19,a pair of+ n复数 做主语,谓语动词用单数
eg:A pair of glasses is enough for me.
20,Take one’s place to do sth代替某人做某事
21,do a good job干得好
22,wear 表状态,接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等
put on 表动作,接服装(→take off)
dress 表动作,接sb/ oneself
get dressed穿衣
dress up盛装打扮
try on试穿(动副结构)
try it on
(be) in+颜色或衣服 eg:The girl in a red coat is my sister.
词语辨析
1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析
the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分,可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时,常用one …the other…。例:
He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.
There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.
the others 特指某一范围内的其他的(人或物),是the other的复数形式,相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例:
You two stay here, the others go with me.
I’m different from Jeff because I’m louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class. other 作代词或形容词,可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例:
We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.
others 作代词,泛指“其他的人或物”。 例:
Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.
another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例: I don’t like this one. Please show me another one.
2.find out 查明,弄清楚,find 找到
Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.
3. go on 发生,与 take place 同义
I wonder what was going on. ?
4.happen v.发生,一般指偶然发生,主语为事,不能为人。
Sth + happens to sb.
A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.
Sth + happens + 地点/时间,意为:某地/某时发生了某事
An accident happened on Park Street.
happen v,表示“碰巧”,主语可以是人,后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧……”.
Sb + happens to do sth.
I happened to see my uncle on the street.
* take place 意为“发生,举行,举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例:
Great changes have taken place in China.
The meeting will take place next Friday.
6.expect v. 期待,盼望,预期,后常接四种结构:
1)expect + 名词/代词,期待某事/某人,预计……可能发生。
I’m expecting Li Lin’s letter.
2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事
Lily expects to come back next week.
3)expect sb. to do sth.
I expect my mother to come back early.
4)expect + 从句 预计……
I expected that I’ll come back next Monday.
7. serious a. 严肃的,认真的。 He is a serious man.
be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真
Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.
be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真 ____He’s serious about selling his house.
句型:
----What do you think of talk shows?
----I don’t mind them.
I hope to be a TV reporter one day.
How about you?
常用法:
let sb. do sth.
plan to do sth.
hope to do sth.
happen to do sth.
expect to do sth.
How about doing……
be ready to do sth.
try one’s best to do sth.
unit6
1,be going to表将来(计划、打算)
肯定:主语+ be going to+ V原
否定:主语+ be not going to+ V原
疑问:be+主语+ going to+ V原
There be的将来时:there is/ are going to be
2,practice (doing)sth
3,grow up长大
4,keep doing sth继续不断地做某事
Keep on doing sth坚持做某事
Keep sb doing sth使某人持续做某事
Keep sb from doing sth= stop sb (from) doing sth阻止某人做某事
5,be sure about/ of +n/ v-ing/ 代词 对…确信,有把握
Make sure 确保
Be sure to do务必、一定
6,worry about be worried about担心
7,medicine[UC] take medicine吃药 pill[C]药丸
Medical adj.医学的 medically adv.
8,日期、月份、年份等前面有next、last、this等词语时,要省略前面的介词on、in
9,send sth to把…寄往 send sth to sb= send sb sth
Send sb to do派人去做 send for 派人去请 send up发射 send out分发 send off寄出
10,be able to do能够做某事 able adj.能够(→disable) ability n.能力(→disability)
11,make promises许诺 promise to do sth
12,at the beginning of在…的开始
13,improve one’s life改善某人的生活 improve oneself提升自己 self-improvement n.
14,write down写下 动副结构
15,have to do with关于,与…有关 have nothing to do with与…无关
16,take up培养,学着做,占用(时间、空间)
17,no+ n单数= not a/ an + n单数There is no book on the desk= There is not a book on the desk. no+ n复数= not any+ n复数 I have no resolutions= I don’t have any resolutions.
no+ [UC]= not any + [UC] There is no water there= There is not any water there.
18,one’s own某人自己的
19.when 与 while 的区别:
when 表示“当…时候”,既指时间点,又指一段时间,when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。
When the teacher came in, the students were talking.
When she arrives, I’ll call you.
while 表示“当…时候”,仅指一段时间,从句中的动作必须是延续性的,一般强调主从句的动作同时发生, while 还可以作并列连词,意为“ 而、却”,表示对比关系。
Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.
Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.
20. practice vt. 练习, 后接名词,代词或v-ing 作宾语。
Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.
常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有:
考虑建议盼原谅:consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.
承认推迟没得想: admit, delay/put off, fancy.
避免错过继续练:avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.
否认完成能欣赏: deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.
不禁介意与逃亡: can’t help , mind, escape.
不准冒险凭想象: forbid, risk, imagine.
21. everyday 与 every day 区别
everyday adj. 每天的 在句中作定语,位于名词前。 This is our everyday homework. every day 副词短语, 在句中作状语,位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day.
unit7
1. will表将来
肯定:主语+ will+ V原
否定:主语+ will not (won’t)+ V原
疑问:will+主语+ V原
There be的将来时:there will be there won’t be Will there be
2. Do you know+ 陈述语序 回答时,针对从句部分回答
—Do you know there will be a football match this afternoon?
—Yes, there will./ No, there won’t
3. at home in one’s home
4,paper 纸张 a piece of paper
paper 报纸(=newspaper)、论文、试卷
5,In+时间段是指以现在时间为起点的"在一段时间以后",也可以表示"在将来多少时间之内",句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态。
After常常指以过去时间为起点的"在一段时间之后",After+时间段常与过去时态连用。当after+时间点,可以与将来时态连用。
Later 是副词, "一段时间+later"表示"一段时间之后",用于过去时;如果单独使用,可与将来时或过去时连用。Later on后来
6,pollute v.污染
Pollution 污染 white/ air/ water/ noise pollution
Polluted adj. 被污染的 polluted water
7,predict v.预测 prediction n.预测
8,on the earth在地球上 on earth究竟 in the earth在地里
9,save拯救 save the earth
节约 save water/ money
10,few-fewer-fewest
little-less-least
few, little含有否定意味,意味"几乎没有"
a few, a little含有肯定意味,意味"一点,一些"
11,Space 太空,空间,一般情况下不与冠词连用,如果space前面有表示太空情况的形容词(如dark,cold,airless)修饰,则可与定冠词连用。Space 空间,空地(=room)
Room 房间; 空间 Make room for...为...腾出空间
Place 指某一具体"地点,地方"
12,hundred,thousand(千),million(百万)表示不确切的数目时,在词尾加s,且和of连用,表示"数百,数千,数百万"。
当这些词前有数词或several,some等修饰词时则不加s,也不跟介词of连用,直接跟名词。
13,in the future在将来
in future= from now on从今往后
14,I/ We believe接宾语从句,含有否定时要用否定转移
Believe sb相信某人所为
believe in信任某人的为人,信仰
15,over and over again反复,再三
16,get bored觉得无聊
17,wake up醒来,叫醒(动副结构)
18,fall down倒塌,
19,During指"在...时间内,在...的期间",一般有明确的时间长度和起止时间。谓语动词常为持续性的动作或状态,时间段前常有限定词(the,物主代词等),表特指。during指动作所发生的时间,回答when的问题。
In "在...时间内",一般情况下可以和during互换,用in时往往强调某一动作发生在某一时间段中的某一时间点;during既可用在"在整个时间段期间",也可用在"某时间段内的某个时
间点"。
For"(时间)长达...",强调时间由始至终,动作也贯穿这段时间的始终,可以和完成时或过去时连用。强调持续时间的长短,回答how long的问题
词语辨析:
1. every 与 each 的区别:
every 用来表整体,each 用来表个别。each 最低需是两,every 最低需是三。every adj. every 作主用单数,each 可单也可复,作主、作定用单数,其他情况用复数。 each adj./ pron. Every teacher knows her.
There are lots of trees on each side of the road.
Each of the road has a dictionary.
2. on the earth 在地球上,作地点状语,位于句首或句末。
on earth 究竟,到底。用于疑问句或副词后,加强语气。
All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. / What on earth do you mean?
3. human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人,人类”,有别于动物,自然景物,机器等的特殊群体,也可指具体的人。
person, 无性别之分,常用于数目不太大,而且数目比较精确的场合。
people, 泛指“人们”,表示复数概念。
man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时,指“男人”,a man 可指“一个人/ 一个男人”,复数形式为men.
He was the only human on the island.
There are only three persons in the room.
There are many people there.
Man is stronger than woman.
4. seem 连系动词,好像,似乎,看来。有下面几种用法:
seem + 名词 看起来。He seems a nice man.
seem like 好像,似乎。 It seemed like a good idea at the time.
seem to do sth. 似乎/看起来/好像做某事。 I seem to have left my book at home.
It seems/seemed that 看起来好像…, 似乎…. He was very happy.
seem to be + 形容词/名词 = seem + 形容词/名词。 She seems to be happy.= She seems happy.
5. probably ad. maybe 相当于 perhaps. 也许,大概,可能。作状语.
probably 用于句中,可能性最大。 He will probably come tomorrow.
maybe/perhaps 用于句首。 Maybe/Perhaps you are right.
6. during / for / in 介词,在……期间。
说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用during; 说到某事持续多久则用for; 说到某事具体发生的时间用in.
We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday.
I’ve been here for two weeks.
They usually leave school in July.
一般将来时结构:
肯定式:
主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 + 其他 (will 用于各种人称,shall 用于第一人称)。 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他 (be 随人称、数和时间的变化而变换)。
否定式: 在will/shall/be 后面加 not. will not = won’t .
一般疑问句: 将will/shall/be 提到主语前面。
There be 句型的一般将来时:
There will be + 主语 + 其他 ,意为 :将会有。一般疑问句形式为: Will there be + 主语 + 其他。
肯定回答是: Yes, there will. 否定回答是: No, there won’t.
否定形式是:There won’t be + 主语 + 其他, 将不会有……
特殊疑问句是: 疑问词/ 词组 + 一般疑问句? When will there be a nice basketball match?
unit8
1. 可数名词[C]与不可数名词[UC]
●*C+有复数形式,可以与定冠词a/ an连用 a pen an orange
[UC]没有复数形式,不可以与定冠词a/ an连用
●*C+表示复数意义时可用many,a few等词修饰。如:many apples;a few pens
[UC]则要用much、a little等词修饰。如: much meat ;little water
这两类名词都可以被some、any、a lot of(lost of)等修饰。
[C]前面可用具体的数字修饰 three books
[UC]要用“数字+量词+of”修饰 a cup of tea,a piece of paper/ news/ chalk,a bottle of milk
[C]做主语,主谓一致 There is a book and two pens on the desk.
There are two pens and a book on the desk.
[UC]做主语,谓语动词用单数 There is some milk in the bottle.
[UC]做主语,如果前面有复数名词短语修饰,谓语动词用复数。
There are two bottles of milk on the table.
对[C]提问用how many How many bananas do we need?
对[UC]提问用how much How much sugar do we need?
[UC前面有表示数量的名词短语修饰时,提问用how many
How many cups of tea are there on the table?
有的名词,既可以做[C]又可以做[UC]
Fish鱼,鱼类 →鱼肉
Room房间 →空间
Chicken小鸡 →鸡肉
Orange橙子 →橙汁
Work作品,著作 →工作
Exercise练习,操 →运动,锻炼
Time次数,倍数 →时间
Glass玻璃杯 →玻璃
Paper报纸,论文,试卷 →纸张
Hair几根毛发 →毛发总称
(fish鱼,单复数同形,one fish一条鱼,two fish两条鱼;two fishes两种鱼)
2. 祈使句要用动词原形,变否定加Don’t
3. Turn on打开
turn off关闭
turn up调大,出现
turn down调小,拒绝
4. Cut up切碎= cut…into pieces
cut sth in two/ half将某物切成两半
5. Pour…into… 把…倒进…里
pour…out把…倒出来
6. Put…in/ into… 把…放进…里
put on穿上 put out熄灭
put down放下
put up举起,搭建
put away把…收起来放好
put off推迟
7. Make创造、生产、制造,指用原材料做某种东西
Do干、做,指做具体某项工作
有关make 的短语:
make up编造(故事、谎言)
make the bed铺床
make tea沏茶
make a telephone call打电话
make one’s way to往…走去
make room for为…腾空间
make faces做鬼脸
make (a lot of )money赚(许多)钱
make a decision做决定
make sure务必
make trouble惹麻烦
make friends交朋友
make progress取得进步
make a living谋生
make a visit拜访
make a mistake犯错误
make a noise弄出噪音
make up one’s mind to do sth下决心
make it约定时间,及时赶到,做到
8,First…Next…Then…Finally 首先……接下来……然后…….最后……
9,ten more minutes = another ten minutes
基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词
10,need to do sth.需要做某事
Need doing= need to be done需要被…
Needn’t= don’t have to 不必要
11,add…to…把…加到…上
Add to增加、添加
add up把…加在一起
add up to合计
12,half a/ an… 一半的… half a cup半杯
Half of+ n 做主语,谓语动词取决于后面的n
Eg:Half of the books are novels.
Half of his money was stolen.
13,be always doing sth总是做某事,
14,It’s time (for sb) to do sth. 到某人做某事的时候了。
It’s time for sth. 到做某事的时候了。
There’s no time to do sth 没有时间做某事
15,在here, there 开头的倒装句中,谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致。
Eg:Here are some books for you.
Here comes the bus.
主语为代词时,不需要倒装。
Eg:Here he comes.
16,mix…into/ to… 把…混合进…里 mix up(动副结构)把…混合在一起
17,fill A with B 用B填充A
A be filled with B = be full of 充满….
The boy filled the bottle with sand. / The bag was full of clothes.
18,cover A with B 用B把A覆盖
A be covered with B A被B所覆盖
Ann covered her face with her hands. / Ann’s face was covered with her hands.
cover n.封面,盖子
The cover of the magazine is nice.
19,with和,带有 without没有
With+ n +介词 表伴随 The teacher came in with a smile on her face.
20,serve sb (with) sth serve sth to sb把某物提供给某人,招待某人某物
Serve up 端上食物
21,have/ run a temperature发烧
take one’s temperature给某人量体温
22,one by one一个接一个;逐个;依次
23,for a long time很长时间
词语辨析:
1.turn on 打开,接通(电源,气,水),反义词是turn off. turn up/turn down 调高/低音量。
2.pour…into… 将…倒入/灌入…
into 是:进入…
in 是:在…内。
在put, throw, break, lay, fall 等动词之后,既可用in,也可用into。但in可作副词,into不能。 He put all the books in/into the bag. Come in!
3. one more thing = another one thing
基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词
4. cover…with… 用…把…覆盖
be covered with 被…所覆盖。
cover n. 封面,盖子。
Ann covered her face with her hands. / The cover of the magazine is nice.
5. It’s time (for sb) to do sth. 到某人做某事的时候了。
It’s time for sth. 到做某事的时候了。
unit9
1. 邀请:Can/ Could you……?
Would you like/ love to……?
Shall we……?
Will you please……?
接受:Sure/ Certainly/ Yes/ With pleasure/ Of course/ I’d love to / That sound great /Thank you for inviting(asking) me/ It’s very kind (nice) of you.
拒绝: Sorry, I can’t. But……/ I’m afraid not./ I’d love to, but…… / Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t.
2. prepare for sth为…做准备
prepare to do sth 准备做某事
prepare sb for sth 使某人对某物有所准备
prepare sb to do sth使某人准备做某事
prepare sb sth= prepare sth for sb为某人准备某物
be prepared for sth= get ready for sth为某事做好了准备
3. have the flu患流感
have a cold 感冒
have a cough 咳嗽
have a fever 发烧
have a sore throat 喉咙痛
have a headache 头痛
have a toothache 牙痛
4. pass the exam考试通过
fail (in) the exam考试不及格
take/ do an exam参加考试
5. available 人做主语意为“有空的,能够出席的”
物做主语意为“有效的,有用的,可获得的”
6. invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事
invite sb. to a place邀请某人去某地
7. not…until…直到…才…
8. hang out / around/ about常去某地、闲逛
hang up挂电话,悬挂,挂起
hang on紧紧抓住
hang-hung-hung
9. catch the bus赶公交车
catch one’s meaning理解某人的意思
catch up with赶上
catch fire着火
catch a cold感冒
catch you = bye
catch sb’s eye引起某人注意
catch hold of抓住
catch-caught
10,accept接受,反义词为:refuse。
accept指主观上愿意接受,receive 收到,指客观上收到或拿到,但主观上不一定会接受。 Eg:I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it.
11,refuse to do sth拒绝做某事
12,the day before yesterday 前天
the day after tomorrow后天
13,What’s today? 今天几号,星期几?
What’s the date today?今天几号?
What day is it today?今天星期几?
14,turn down 拒绝、调小
15,take a trip
16,at the end of在…末尾,在…尽头
by the end of到…末为止
in the end终于
17,be glad to do sth很高兴做某事
18,leave for出发前往某地
leave A for B离开A去B
19,have a surprise party for sb
20,so that 以便
21,look forward to期待,盼望,to 是介词,后跟名词,代词或动名词作宾语
look forward to doing sth期待做某事
22,hear from sb收到某人的来信 = get/ receive a letter from sb.
hear of = hear about 听说
23,reply in writing 书面回复
reply to sth/sb. 对…..作出回答
unit10
1. 主将从现:if引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时
2. have a great /good/ excellent/ wonderful/ nice/ pleasant time= have fun= enjoy oneself+V-ing
3. 交通工具的表达:
take+限定词+交通工具 take the bus乘公共汽车
By+交通工具 by bus乘公共汽车
In/ on+限定词+交通工具 in the car on the plane On foot步行
4. do/ does/ did代替前文出现的事
eg:I think I’ll take the bus to the party. If you do, you’ll be late
5. let sb in/ out(动副结构)让某人进去/出来
6. tomorrow night明天晚上
7. hold/ have a meeting开会
attend a meeting出席会议
call a meeting召开会议
meeting place会场
8. half the class一半的同学
9. organize v.组织,筹备
organized adj.有组织的
organizer n.组织者
organization n.组织、团体、机构
10,order food点餐
in order(not) to do为了(不)
in the order按顺序
order sb (not) to do命令某人(不)做某事 take one’s order点餐
11,疑问词+不定式做宾语
eg:I don’t know what to do= I don’t know how to do it I can’t decide where to go.
12,be upset about/ that 对…感到难过
13,give sb. some advice给某人提一些建议 take/ follow one’s advice听从某人的意见
Advice(不可数名词) suggestion(可数名词) Advise v.建议 advise sb. to do sth.劝告某人做某事
14,travel around the world环游世界
15,keep…to oneself保守秘密
16,in life 在生活中