基于RS与GIS的太行山山地丘陵区水土流失风险评价
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基于RS 与GIS 的太行山山地丘陵区水土流失风险评价
作者:王雪 赵筱青 王兴友
来源:《山东农业科学》2014年第07期
摘要:太行山山地丘陵区由于地形、地貌、气候等自然条件和人类活动的干扰,出现了一定程度的水土流失。本文以河北省赞皇县为例,选取美国陆地卫星2010年Landsat5TM 遥感影像、DEM 数据和土地利用现状等数据,在RS 和GIS 的技术支持下,提取对水土流失影响较大的植被覆盖度、地形坡度和土地利用类型等因子,对赞皇县水土流失强度进行等级划分。结果表明:赞皇县水土流失程度有微度、轻度、中度、强度、极强度和剧烈几种情况,其中以微度、轻度和中度为主,分别占土地总面积的69.27%、19.30%和10.86%,主要集中分布于自然保留地、旱地和园地。
关键词:太行山;山地丘陵;RS ;GIS ;水土流失;植被覆盖度
中图分类号:S157文献标识号:A 文章编号:1001-4942(2014)07-0102-05
AbstractDue to natural conditions such as terrain, physiognomy, climate and interference of human activities, there was a certain degree of soil erosion in the Taihang Mountain hilly area. Taking Zanhuang County for example and selecting Landsat5TM remote-sensing image, DEM and land-use map in 2010 as primary data, the major factors affecting soil erosion, such as vegetation coverage , terrain slope, land-use type and so on,were extracted based on RS and GIS. And the soil erosion intensity in Zanhuang County was graded. The results showed that the soil erosion in Zanhuang County was divided into the degrees of mired, mild, moderate, strength, pole strength and fierce. Among which, mired, mild and moderate were the primary, which took up 69.27%, 19.30% and 10.86% of total land area respectively, and mainly distributed in nature reserve , dry land and garden plot.
Key wordsThe Taihang Mountain; Hilly area; RS; GIS; Soil erosion; Vegetation coverage
水土流失是全世界面临的一个重大环境问题,它会使土地退化,生产力下降,生态环境恶化,从而对社会可持续发展构成威胁[1]。近年来,国内外运用RS 和GIS 对水土流失进行了一定的研究。Wischmeier 等[2]提出的通用水土流失方程(USLE ),因不受主观影响、形式简单,得到了较普遍的应用;后来,美国农业部对其进行了修正,修正方程RUSLE 具有更广泛的应用范围和更高的精度[3]。但对于多山地区,由于地形因素的制约,进行实测及侵蚀模数调查存在一定困难,难以用侵蚀模数进行水土流失的研究,因此,贺奋琴[4]、赵善伦[5]、魏兴萍[6]等通过选取植被覆盖度、地形坡度、沟谷密度和土地利用类型等因子,运用RS 和GIS