美国金门大桥

金门大桥 The Golden Gate Bridge, completed after more than four years of construction at a cost of $35 million, is a visitor attraction recognized around the world. The GGB opened to vehicular traffic on May 28, 1937 at twelve o'clock noon, ahead of schedule and under budget, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressed a telegraph key in the White House announcing the event. 金门大桥的北端连接北加利福尼亚，南端连接旧金山半岛。当船只驶进旧金山，从甲板上举目远望，首先映入眼帘的就是大桥的巨形钢塔。钢塔耸立在大桥南北两 侧，高342米，其中高出水面部分为227米，相当于一座70层高的建筑物。塔的顶端用两根直径各为92.7厘米丶重2.45万吨的钢缆相连，钢缆中点下 垂，几乎接近桥身，钢缆和桥身之间用一根根细钢绳连接起来。钢缆两端伸延到岸上锚定于岩石中。大桥桥体凭借桥两侧两根钢缆所产生的巨大拉力高悬在半空之 中。钢塔之间的大桥跨度达1280米，为世界所建大桥中罕见的单孔长跨距大吊桥之一。从海面到桥中心部的高度约60米，又宽又高，所以即使涨潮时，大型船只也能畅通无阻。 　　金门大桥于1933年动工，1937年5月竣工，用了4年时间和10万多吨钢材，耗资达3550万美元。整个大桥造型宏伟壮观丶朴素无华。桥身呈朱红色，横卧于碧海白浪之上，华灯初放，如巨龙凌空，使旧金山市的夜空景色更见壮丽。金门大桥是旧金山的象征，它以雄伟磅礴的气势，吸引着无数的游客。编辑本段历史　　金门大桥(The Golden Gate Bridge)的最初的构想来源于桥梁工程师约瑟夫·斯特劳斯。斯特劳斯在此前设计了400多座内陆的小型桥梁。他花了10多年时间游说北加州的居民。这座桥的其他主要设计者包括决定其艺术造型和颜色的艾尔文·莫罗、合作进行复杂的数学推算的工程师查尔斯·埃里斯、桥梁设计师里昂·莫伊塞弗。 　　大桥于1933年1月5日开始施工，1937年4月完工，同年5月27日对外开放予行人。斯特劳斯在南桥墩浇筑混凝土之前放入了一块取自他的母校俄亥俄州辛辛那提大学的砖头。翌日，随着罗斯福总统在华盛顿按下一个电钮，该大桥正式对外开放予汽车使用。 　　旧金山地区的选民们以自己的住宅、农场和公司为抵押，发行了最初的3500万美元的工程债券。1977年，最后一笔债券被付清，其中3500万美元的本金和3900万美元的利息全来自过桥费的收入。 　　该桥施工时的一项独特的设计是桥下有一个安全网。施工中有11人摔死，而19人则因安全网而获救。这19人成为了一个“去地狱的半路俱乐部”（Halfway to Hell Club）的荣誉会员。 　　1957年之前金门大桥是世界上最长的悬索桥，两个桥墩在1964年之前拥有世界上悬索桥中最长的跨度。直到2004年12月末，法国的米约大桥正式被使用前。这两个桥墩是世界上最高的悬索桥桥墩。编辑本段建筑美学　　金门大桥桥身的颜色为国际橘，因建筑师艾尔文·莫罗认为此色既和周边环境协调，又可使大桥在金门海峡常见的大雾中显得更醒目。由于这座大桥新颖的结构和超凡脱俗的外观，它被国际桥梁工程界广泛认为是美的典范，更被美国建筑工程师协会评为现代的世界奇迹之一。它也是世界上最上镜的大桥之一。 　　金门大桥维护工作中，给桥身不断涂刷油漆是其中一项内容，有趣的是，拥有38位员工的油漆队，完全涂刷一遍需要365天，所以涂刷工作一年到头均持续进行中。 　　金门大桥的维护工作还包括不断的加固工作，在1989年底发生Loma Prieta大地震后，当局聘请专家对金门大桥的脆弱性进行了详细评估，并制定了加固计划，分三期工程实施，第二期加固工程已于2006年中完成。编辑本段自杀　　金门大桥是世界上最著名的自杀场所之一，当金门大桥上自杀的人数在1993年达到1000人之后便不再有正式统计。估计现在已达1300多人。在过去5年，平均每两个星期就有一个人从大桥上跳下投海。从67米高的桥面上跳下4秒后，自杀者会以每小时120公里的速度冲落海面。截至2003年为止，共有26人自杀未遂。2005年3月11日，金门大桥管理会决定投资200万美元，研究安装护栏的可行性。The orange towers of the Golden Gate Bridge-probably the most beautiful, certainly the most photographed bridge in the world-are visible from almost every point of elevation in San Francisco. The only cleft in Northern California's 600-mile continental wall, for years this mile-wide strait was considered unbridgeable. As much an architectural as an engineering feat, the Golden Gate took only 52 months to design and build, and was opened in 1937. Designed by Joseph Strauss, it was the first really massive suspension bridge, with a span of 4200ft, and until 1959 ranked as the world's longest. It connects the city at its northwesterly point on the peninsula to Marin County and Northern California, rendering the hitherto essential ferry crossing redundant, and was designed to withstand winds of up to a hundred miles an hour and to swing as much as 27ft. Handsome on a clear day, the bridge takes on an eerie quality when the thick white fogs pour in and hide it almost completely.　　You can either drive or walk across. The drive is the more thrilling of the two options as you race under the bridge's towers, but the half-hour walk across it really gives you time to take in its enormous size and absorb the views of the city behind you and the headlands of Northern California straight ahead. Pause at the midway point and consider the seven or so suicides a month who choose this spot, 260ft up, as their jumping-off spot. Monitors of such events speculate that victims always face the city before they leap. In 1995, when the suicide toll from the bridge had reached almost 1000, police kept the figures quiet to avoid a rush of would-be suicides going for the dubious distinction of being the thousandth person to leap.　　Perhaps the best-loved symbol of San Francisco, in 1987 the Golden Gate proved an auspicious place for a sunrise party when crowds gathered to celebrate its fiftieth anniversary. Some quarter of a million people turned up (a third of the city's entire population); the winds were strong and the huge numbers caused the bridge to buckle, but fortunately not to break.金门大桥是世界著名大桥之一，被誉为近代桥梁工程的一项奇迹。它座落于美国加利福尼亚州的金门海峡之上。大桥两端各有一座高1124英尺的钢塔，钢塔高出水面的部分为746英尺，相当于70层楼高；两座钢塔间悬挂着两条直径为36.5英寸的钢索，大桥就是凭借着两条钢索高悬半空。钢塔间的大桥跨度为4200英尺，是世界大桥中少见的最长跨度之一。桥孔高200英尺，大型船只也能畅行无阻。大桥还向两端延伸出去，使整个大桥全长达到6500英尺，为此又修建了两座辅助钢塔，使大桥更加雄伟壮观。金门大桥被认为是旧金山的象征。Golden Gate Bridge is one of the world-famous bridge, a bridge project as a modern miracle. It is located in California, on the Golden Gate Strait. The bridge at either end of a 1124 feet high steel tower, steel tower above the water surface of 746 feet for some, which is equivalent to 70-story building; two steel tower between the two hanging with a diameter of 36.5 inches of steel cables, the bridge is With two steel cables hanging mid-air. Steel tower between the bridge span to 4200 feet, is one of the world's longest bridge span in one of the rare. Bridge opening 200 feet high, large ships can pass unimpeded. Also be extended at both ends of the bridge to go out, the entire bridge to reach a total length of 6500 feet, and end the construction of the two auxiliary steel towers, the bridge so that the more magnificent. 　The orange towers of the Golden Gate Bridge probably the most beautiful， certainly the most photographed bridge in the world are visible from almost every point of elevation in San Francisco． The only cleft in Northern California's 600－mile continental wall， for years this mile－wide strait was considered unbridgeable． As much an architectural as an engineering feat， the Golden Gate took only 52 months to design and build， and was opened in 1937． Designed by Joseph Strauss， it was the first really massive suspension bridge， with a span of 4200ft， and until 1959 ranked as the world's longest． It connects the city at its northwesterly point on the peninsula to Marin County and Northern California， rendering the hitherto essential ferry crossing redundant， and was designed to withstand winds of up to a hundred miles an hour and to swing as much as 27ft． Handsome on a clear day， the bridge takes on an eerie quality when the thick white fogs pour in and hide it almost completely．　　You can either drive or walk across． The drive is the more thrilling of the two options as you race under the bridge's towers， but the half－hour walk across it really gives you time to take in its enormous size and absorb the views of the city behind you and the headlands of Northern California straight ahead． Pause at the midway point and consider the seven or so suicides a month who choose this spot， 260ft up， as their jumping－off spot． Monitors of such events speculate that victims always face the city before they leap． In 1995， when the suicide toll from the bridge had reached almost 1000， police kept the figures quiet to avoid a rush of would－be suicides going for the dubious distinction of being the thousandth person to leap．　　Perhaps the best－loved symbol of San Francisco， in 1987 the Golden Gate proved an auspicious place for a sunrise party when crowds gathered to celebrate its fiftieth anniversary． Some quarter of a million people turned up （a third of the city's entire population）； the winds were strong and the huge numbers caused the bridge to buckle， but fortunately not to break．在美国旅游团导游的口中得知金门大桥这个名字的由来，在淘金热的时候，这座桥被人们当做是通往金矿的一扇大门，因此此桥被命名为金大门，果然是名副其实呢。据说这个浩大的工程用时四年半时间才完工，是当时世界桥梁史上的奇迹，而今也一直被当做是旧金山的象征，可见其历史意义了。每天有十万辆车会从金门大桥经过，游人在桥两侧的步行道上走，会觉得桥似乎一直是在震动的，因为车总是不停的行驶过这里。 每当人们越过太平洋进人北美大陆的旧金山时，首先映人眼帘的便是一座飞架于海湾之上的巨型吊桥，这就是遗尔闻名的金门桥。 金门桥建于1937年，耗资达3500万美元，是世界上最大的单孔吊桥之一，金门桥长达2780米，从海面到桥中心部的高度约为67米。桥两端有两座高达227米的塔。金门桥桔黄色的桥梁两端矗立着钢柱，柱瑞用粗钢索相连，钢索中点下垂，几乎接近桥身，钢索和桥身用一根根细钢绳连接起来。整座金门桥显得朴素无华而又雄伟壮观。 金门桥在桥梁建筑学上也是一个创举。它只有两大支柱，因此它不是利用桥墩支撑桥身，而是利用桥两侧的弧形吊带产生的巨大拉力，把沉重的桥身高高吊起。金门桥的设计者是工程师史特劳斯。人们把他的铜像安放在桥畔，用以纪念他对美国做出的贡献。 1937年5月27日金门桥落成，有20万人兴高采烈地走过大桥来庆祝这个日子。次日金门桥正式通车。从那时起直到今天，旧金山入都把金门桥引为自己的骄傲。今天金门桥是世界上无数桥梁中最繁忙的桥梁之一，每天都约有10万辆汽车从桥上隆隆驶过。 桥两侧的步行道有1.2KM长，要想往返的话怎么也需要一个小时时间，这个近代桥梁工程史上的奇迹，出自于著名设计是由史特劳斯之手，所有到过金门大桥旅游的美国旅游团的游客都会在桥畔看到他的铜像，为了纪念他对美国的巨大贡献，也为了能够让他每天看着自己的设计被多少人可欣赏，所认可。 楼主觉得还可以就给我分吧