形容词副词讲解及练习
形容词
形容词是用来描述或修饰名词的词,表示人或事物的性质或特征。 1 形容词的句法功能
形容词作定语的位置通常放在被修饰的名词前面。
如:I have a new book.
如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰名词,这些形容词的位置
即由他们和被修饰名词的关系密切程度来决定。一般来说,关系最密切的最靠近被修饰名词。如:I have a new English book.
但是,当形容词修饰不定代词时,应放在不定代词之后。
如:I have something impo rtant to tell yo u .
形容词短语作定语时应放在被修饰与之后。
如:The box full of books is very heavy.
2形容词作表语
形容词作表语的位置在连系动词之后。
如:The music sound s beautiful.
英语中有一部分形容词只能作表语,不能作定语,这种形容词叫做“表语形容词”,常见的有:so rry , afraid ,ill, glad, alone, worth,
3形容词作宾语补足语
形容词作宾语补足语的位置在宾语之后。
The new teacher made us happ y every class.
4 形容词名词化。
某些形容词前加上定冠词后就相当于名词,指“某一类人或物。”We sho uld look after the old and lo ve the yo ung .(我们应该尊老爱幼)
(二) 形容词的比较等级
大多数的形容词有三个等级:原级,比较级,最高级。
原级就是形容词的原形,比较级和最高级的词性有规则与不规则之分。 1形容词的比较级和最高级的构成
(1) 规则变化(单音节和部分双音节词)
a 一般在词尾加er 或est
b 以e 结尾的只加r 或st
c 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母再加er 或est
d 以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的,先变y 为I 再加er 或est
多音节和部分双音节在词前加more 或most
(1) 不规则变化
good/well- better-best bad/ill/badly- worse –worst
little many/much-
far old –elder-elder(年长的)
2 形容词比较等级的用法
(1) 同级比较用法
英语中同级比较句型常用的有两种:as+形容词原级+as和not so(as) 形容词原级+as…句型。如:
The box is as heavy as that o ne.
(2 )比较级的用法
形容词比较级用于表示两者或两部分之间进行比较。常用为“形容词比较级+than”
如:The flowers are more beautiful than those on the desk.
使用中,常在比较级前用much, even ,yet, still, a little, a bit, a lot 等词进行程度上的修饰。
如:My daughter is a little taller than his .
要表示“…比…多…倍”,用“倍数+比较级+than”句型来表达。
The sun is a millio n times larger than the earth.
英语中还有两个重要的句型使用比较级:表示“越来越…”使用 “比较级+比较级” 句型;表示“越…就越…”使用“the+比较级,the+比较级” 句型。
如:It gets hotter and ho tter.
The mo re careful yo u see ,the less mistakes yo u’ll make .
在比较中,还要注意参与比较的两者或不能互相包含。
如:I’m better in English than any students in our class.(错误。因为我也是我们班的学生之一,我不能比自己好。)
I’m better in English than any other student in our class(正确)
(3)最高级的用法
最高级用于表示三者或三者以上的多数之间进行比较,最高级前面要加定冠词,后面一般要跟表示范围的表达。
如:The Great Wall is the lo ngest wall in our class.
使用中我们还要用到这样的表达:“最…之一”;“第几…最…”;在最高级前进行程度修饰等,我们可以用 “one of +the +最高级”,“the +序数词(very 等置于the 之后)+最高级”或用much, even等词(置于the 之后)来修饰。
Mr smart is one of the mo st popular teachers in our school.
(一) 副词
副词用来修饰动词,形容词,其他副词或全句,说明时间,地点,程度及方式。
副词的构成
1 本身就是副词的词:no w often always never very
2由形容词加ly 转化而来的副词 careful- carefully polite –po litely true- truly full –fully angry-angrily happ y- happ ily dry-dryly
副词的句法功能
(1) 作状语,I go to school very early every day.
(2) 作定语 The people here are very friend ly.
(3) 作表语 Class is over.
(4) 作宾语补足语 Please let me in.
副词在句中的位置
(1) 修饰动词,一般放在动词之后,如是及物动词,则放在宾语之后。 Please listen to me carefully.
(2) 频度副词一般放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和be 动词之后。
He often goes to work on foot.
(3) 句中同时出现时间,地点的副词作状语时,先地点,后时间。 He arrived here yesterday.
(4) 副词eno ugh 通常放在形容词或副词之后。
The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.
1 also, too ,either表示“也”的区别用法
(1) also 比较正式,只能用于肯定句中,一般放在句中。
(2) too多用于口语中,只能用于肯定句中,一般放在句尾,前面用逗号分隔开来;
(3) either 只能用于否定句中,一般置于句末,并用逗号隔开。 2 much too / too much
much too用于修饰形容词或副词 too much 用于修饰名词。
3 how lo ng ,ho w often , how soon
(1) how lo ng 既可以用于对物的长度提问,表示“多长”,也可以用于对时间段提问,表示“多久”“多长时间”
(2) how often 用来对频度提问,表示“每隔多久”
ho w soon 是用来询问“过多久”某动作发生。
练习:
( ) 1 Bob never does his ho mewo rk _____Mary. He makes lo ts of mistakes.
A so careful as B as carefully as
C careful as D as careful as
( ) 2 I feel ____better than yesterday.
A more B very C the D far
( ) 3 China has a larger populatio n than ____in the world.
A all the countries B every country C any country D any other country
( ) 4 This book is ____ on the subject.
A the much best B very much best C much the best D very the best
( ) 5 The sick boy is getting ____day by day .
A worse B bad C badly D worst
( ) 6 This sweater look s ____and sells___.
A well, well B good, nice C nice, good D nice, well
( ) 7 The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ____with me .
A sad B pleased C angry D sorry
( ) 8 I did n’t go shopping yesterday .He did n’t ,___.
A so B either C too D neither
( ) 9 _____delicious the food is !
A How B How a C What D What a
( )10 ---------What animals do yo u like____?
---------I like pandas.
A. better B best C very D well
( ) 11 It is ____cold today .
A much B very much C much too D too much
( ) 12 Remember this., children .______careful yo u are,____ mistakes yo u will mak e.
----We know,Miss Gao.
A The more, the mo re B The fewer , the more
C The more, the fewer D The less, the less
( )13.We are going to do our work better with _______ money and ______ peop le.
A. less, fewer B. less, less C. fewer, fewer D. fewer, less
( )14. The boy is ________ than his brother.
A. two years older B. two years elder C. two-year older D. two-year elder
( )15. On the moo n, things aren’t ________ they are on the earth.
A. so heavy as B. as heavier as C. as heavy than D. heavy than
( )16. Tom is the best student in his class. He is _______ than any of his classmates.
A. more cleverer B. much cleverer C. much mo re cleverer D. much clever
( )17. There are many students in this classroom but there are ________ students in that one.
A. many B. mo re C. much D. more many
( )18. There is ________ milk in my cup than in yo ur cup.
A. little B. less C. few D. fewer
( )19. I’m 1.70 meters __________.
A. high B. higher C. tall D. taller
( )20. The film is ________, but the old aren’t _______ in it.
A. interesting, interested B. interested, interesting
C. interesting, interesting D. interested, interested
( )21. Father is _______ to go to work.
A. good enough B. eno ugh good C. well enough D. eno ugh well
( )22. Is there ________ in this book?
A. something interesting B. interesting something
C. anything interesting D. interesting anything
( )23. Is his hand writing ________ as hers?
A. so good B. so well C. as good D. as well
( )24. Lu Xun is one of __________ in China.
A. best writers B. the best writer C. best writer D. the best writers
一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.The Nile is a ______river. It is _______than any other river in the world. In fact it is __________river in the world. (long)
2.She said that it was ________(happy) day in her life.
3.Who is ________(tall), Mary or Joan?
4.Which is ________(fast), a bike, a car or a bus?
5.Shanghai is one of _________(big) cities in China.
6.My brother has a very __________(good) vo ice.
7.Wang Fang has ________ Chinese Stamps. Jud y hasn’t got as
_________Chinese stamps as Wang Fang. But she has got ______
American stamps than Wang Fang. (many)
8.This film is even _________(interesting) and it’s _________(good) one I have ever seen.
9.The _______(sick) boy looks much __________(tired).
10. When summer comes, the days are getting _________ (lo ng ).
11. This shirt is ________(nice), but my mother is look ing fo r a _______ (nice) one for me.
一、 12. Oh, I’m still _________ (short) than yo u.
13. I have only a few friends in Nanjing, but he has a little _______ (few).
14. My bike isn’t as ______ (good) as his.
15. Last Sunday there was a _______ (friendly) talk among us. 暑期培训复习资料 介词
1.与形容词搭配的词组有: be afraid of (怕) b e angry with (生某人的气)
be away fro m (不在某地) be different fro m (与…不同)
be good at (善于) be good/ bad for (对…有益/有害) be interested in (对…感兴趣) be late for (迟到) be/get ready for (为作好准备) be sure of (对…有把握)
be worried about (为…感到担忧)
2.介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing 形式
1)Yo u must take good care of her. 2)Thank yo u for teaching us so well.
3.几组易混淆的介词
A . “在... 之后” in + 一段时间(用于一般将来时)
after + 一段时间(用于一般过去时) after + 一点时间(常用于一般将来时)
如:The baby stopped crying after half an ho ur.
The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday.
B . for +一段时间 since +过去的一点时间
这两者均用于现在完成时,具体在时态部分,我会继续向同学们讲解。
C . be made of " 用……制成" be made in “由某地制造”be made by so mebod y “由某人制成”
D . in, on, at表时间 in “在某月(季节、年) 等” eg:in 1996, in January, in summer
固定词组:in the morning, in a week,in a minute, in time, in the end on " 用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等" eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16
at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”
固定词组:at seven, at the mo ment, at night, at last, at first, at noo n, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意:在表时间里,下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有:next, last, this, that, tomorro w, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomo rro w 前不用介词 。 如:不能说 in to mo rro w ,只能说 to morro w 在明天
E. except +宾格/doing something " 除…之外” (不包括本身)
Everyo ne is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换) =Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.
F . “用” 通过交通工具 b y plane
用语言 in English 通过媒介 o n /over the telepho ne, on /over the rad io, on TV
用工具手段 with a pen, with one's hands
G . between “在~和~(两者)之间”
between...and..., between the two... among 在... 之间(三者或三者以上) eg.S ue spent over two ho urs ___ her ho mework yesterday
evening. A.on B.with C.at D.over
( ) 1 When will Mr Black come to Beijing? ____September 5.
A On B At C In D For
( ) 2 Waste paper and bottle are collected ____recycling.
A by B as C for D fro m
( ) 3 We are read ing the books ,____ practice, written by Mao Zedong.
A In B With C About D On
( ) 4 He is the oldest ____ all
A in B of C in D over
( ) 5 China is ____ the east of Asia. A on B to C in D over
( ) 6 We must guard against wolves ___sheep’s clothing.
A in B with C on D at
( ) 7 There used to be a gard en ____ the church.
A in fro nt of B in the fro nt of C fro nt D in fro nt
( ) 8 We watched an exciting foo tball match ____last Sunday.
A on B in C at D \
( ) 9 The cat rushed ____ the bed and caught a mo use.
A fro m B under C fro m under D under fro m
( ) 10 What time did yo u get there this mo rning?
------ ____ eight.
A In B On C At D Fro m
( ) 11 Children sho uld n’t be angry ____ their parents.
A with B by C for D of
( )12 China lies ____the east of Asia and ___ the north of Australia.
A to; to B in ;to C to; in D in, on
( ) 13 His aunt went to America ____May ,1960.A fro m B in C on D at
( ) 14 ---------Which neck lace have yo u lost?
---------- The one yo u gave me ____ my birthday.
A for B to C with D of
( )15 We can’t live _____air or water.
A with B without C if no D haven’t
( )16 I often get up ____twenty past six in the morning .
A on B at C in D under
( ) 17 Some shops open _____10:00a.m and 3:30p.m
A at B between C fro m D about
( ) 18 We have fo ur classes ____the mo rning and then have a rest ___ noon.
A in ;in B in; on C on; at D at; in
( )19 Where’s Lily? We are all here ____her.
A beside B about C except D with
( )20 Hubei is ____the north of Hunan.
A in B for C to D at
( ) 21 I help my mo ther___ the ho usework .
A to B with C fo r D of
( ) 22 The students are listening ____their teacher very carefully.
A to B on C for D at
( ) 23 Haiwaii is famo us ____its beautiful beaches.
A of B in C for D with
( ) 24 ____the help of my teacher ,I caught up with the other students.
A Under B In C With D On
( ) 25 Who’s the man ____black?
A in B with C on D of
( ) 26 LiLei did well in the English exam. He is ____ English.
A weak in B angry with C good at D afraid of
( )27 Today some newly-prod uced mob ile pho nes can take picture ____a camera.
A as B for C like D of
( ) 28 I’ve go t the key ___the lock.
A of B to C on D by
( ) 29 They’re work ing ___the farm.
A on B at C in D of
( ) 30 He will speak ____ the meeting.
A on B in C at D for
用适当的介词填空。
1.They go to work ____bus every day.
2. Class is _____8in the morning_____4in the afternoon.
3. The train arrived ____ 11 ____Saterday.
4. What did yo u think _____the film?
5. Honey is good ____ health.
6. The teacher came in ____ a book ____her hand .
7.There is a big ho le ____ his coat.
8.Thirty years has passed _____his father’s death.
9. ____English, he also studies histo ry and Chinese.
形容词、副词的比较等级
1. 原级:表示A 与B 在某方面相同。
句型:1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B
2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so + 原级 + as + B
A 与B 在某方面不同
注意:not as / so… as = less than 不及;不如
eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)You don’t eat so much as I
3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2. 比较级:两者进行比较(常与than 连用)
1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。
2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim 跑得快。
3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。
4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本?
3. 最高级:三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in , of短语连用) ( 注意:of + 个体名词单数 in + 集合名词 )
eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2)He runs fastest in our class.
3)He is the tallest of the three boys.
4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?
4. 形、副比较等级的其他用法
1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”
eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒
(但注意:如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮
2) “the比较级,the 比较级” “越……,越……”
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懒,收获越少。
3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较……的一个”
eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.
2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________
4) 表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”
eg. He’s a head taller than me.
My brother is two years older than me
5) 表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as…as”
eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。
2)He has four times as many books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。
6) 区别older / elder与farther / further
older (年龄较老的)
elder (指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)
eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距离“较远的”)
further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)
eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.
2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua. 形、副比较等级还应注意
1. 比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气,表示“……一点儿;……得多 ; 更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意:不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。
2. 比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:that; those; one; ones
eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________
2) This knife (A) isn’t (B) so (C) new as that (D). _______________
3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _______________
3. 个体与整体相比,不能包括个体,常用“any other + 单数名词”来进行比较。
eg.1)Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体). ( × ) 正:Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class.
=Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class.
=Betty is the cleverest in her class.
(特别注意以上三种句型的转换)
2)China is bigger than any country in Africa.
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。
*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。
eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × )
(all her sisters已排除了Mary)
改:Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.
5. 表示“第二、第三……”时,可在最高级前加“second , third, …”(但“第一”不能用first ) eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改错:
________________
附:形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则
A 、规则变化
1.“辅 + y”结尾,变y 为i 加er , est
(但“形 + ly ”构成的副词除外)
2. 双写加er , est
3. 直接加 er , est / r, st
4. 在多音词前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”构成的副词也在前加more , most)
B 、不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/well
better
best
many/much
more
most
bad/ill/badly
worse
worst
little
less
least
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
far
farther
further
farthest
furthest
另外:
1) 以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple结尾的双音节词加er, est / r, st.
narrow ________ ________
simple _________ _________
able _______ _______
2) tired__________ __________
pleased ___________ ____________
3) often ________________ _____________
friendly_______________ ____________
4) 在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the) 。
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________
5) 形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语:ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
副词作状语,修饰动词。
练 习
一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级
thin ____ ____ easy _____ ______
early ______ ______ new ______ ______
hot ______ ______ clever ______ _______
little _____ ______ late _____ ______
narrow______ ______fat _____ ______
many ______ _____ big _____ ______
dangerous__________ ___________
wonderful __________ ___________
careful __________ ____________
slowly __________ ____________
popular __________ ____________
二、选择填空
( )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese?
A. difficult B. the difficult
C. more difficult D. the most difficult
( )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world
A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge
C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges
( )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike.
A. strong as B. so strong as
C. so strong D. as strong
( )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.
A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
( )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than that one.
A. more ; much B. much ; more
C. more ; more D. much ; much
( )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken?
A. good B. well C. better D. best
( )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. strongly heavily
( )8.John drives as ___ as Tom.
A. carefully B. good C. nice D. fine
( )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa.
A. any country B. any other country
C. any countries D. all countries
( )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I.
A. elder, three years older B. older ; older
C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder
( )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class.
A. any girl B. any other girl
C. all the girls D. any girls
( )12.This problem is ___ than that one.
A. ten times easy B. ten times easier
C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier
( )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one.
A. more B. much C. very D. the most C. B. heavy
( )14.There is ___ in today’s newspaper.
A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting
C. interested nothing D. nothing interested
( )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ____.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
( )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells _____.
A. good ; good B. well ; well
C. good ; well D. well ; good
( )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than women.
A. better at B. good at
C. well in D. weak in
( )18.The word’s population is growing fast every minute, especially in some ___ countries
A. west B. more developed
C. east D. less developed
( )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in my hometown.
A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as
( )20.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ___ one of all the movie songs.
A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful
C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful
( )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.
A. strong B. stronger
C. strongest D. the strongest
( )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work.
A. very ; to B. quite ; to
C. too ; to D. so ; that
( )23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus.
A. enough fast B. quickly enough
C. enough slow D. slowly enough
( )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____.
A. careful ; careful B. carefully; carefully
C. carefully ; careful D. careful ; carefully
( )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm.
A. careful B. hard C. busy D. happy
( )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi’an.
A. smaller B. fewer C. much D. larger
附Ⅰ——动词的四种形式
A 、动三单的变法
1) “辅+y”结尾, 变y 为i 加es
2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es
3) 直接加s
但have----has
B 、现在分词的变法
1) 去e 加ing (e不发音)
2) 双写加ing (“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w 列外)
3) 直接加ing
写出下列动词的现在分词
1.see_______2.come ________3.stop_______
4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______
7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______
10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______
C 、动词的过去式和过去分词
(一)不规则变化(见课本不规则变化表P255)
(二)规则变化
1) “辅+y”结尾,变y 为i 加ed
2) 双写加ed
3) 直接加ed
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______
3.prefer ________ _________
4.study ______ ______5.try ______ ____
6.fix _____ ______ 7.relax ______ ______
附Ⅱ——情态动词(can/ could; may/ might; must; should)+动原
1.must(必须) ——needn’t(不必)
may(可以) ——mustn’t(不许;不准;不可以)
2. 注意几个题:
1) —May I go with you?
—No, you _________.
2) —Must I turn off the light now?
—Yes, you ______/ No, you _________
附Ⅲ——动词不定式与动名词
A 、动词不定式作宾补
1)tell / ask / want sb to do ______________
否定式:tell/ask/want sb not to do __________
____________________
2) 省to 不定式作宾补
即:(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb do
l —let; m—make; n—notice; 3h—hear, have, help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel 但注意:1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省)
2) 在改作被动语态时省去的to 应还原
eg. Someone heard him sing in the room.
He was heard to sing in the room.
B 、动词不定式与动名词的区别
1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do
2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing
初中英语课外辅导:形容词、副词备考锦囊
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/02/23 09:03 英语辅导报
[锦囊一] 应掌握何时用形容词形式,何时用副词形式
1. 形容词用作表语时,位于系动词(初中阶段常用的有:be, feel, get, turn, become, smell, look, sound, seem, keep, grow等) 之后;形容词作定语修饰名词时位于其前,修饰复合不定代词时位于其后。
2. 副词作状语,修饰实义动词、形容词、副词及整个句子。
3. 通常情况下,大部分的形容词和副词能相互转化。方法是在形容词词尾加ly 构成副词,反之,副词去掉词尾的ly 得到相应的形容词。注意有些词既可作形容词用又可作副词用,如high 既是形容词又是副词,但作副词用时,其意义与highly 有别,这样的形、副词词性兼有的词有deep & deeply,hard & hardly, wide & widely等。名词和形容词之间也能相互转化(有些词如lovely, friendly, likely等只作形容词) 。
[考题回顾]
1. They are singing and dancing ________ on the playground. (happy)[ 04南通]
2. She was ________ to lose her money when she went shopping last weekend. (luck) [04西宁]
3. This kind of skirt looks ________ and sells ________. [04天津]
A. nice; well B. nice; good
C. well; well D. good; nice
4. Many people caught cold last month because of the ________ weather. (change) [04上海]
5. You must keep your eyes ________ when you do eye exercises. [04福州]
A. close B. open
C. closed D. opened
6. —What do you think of the story written by Mark Twain?
—It is ________. I like it. [04昆明]
A. boring B. bored
C. interested D. interesting
[考题精讲]
1. 句中的sing 和dance 是行为动词,应该用副词去修饰,那么happy 的副词形式就是变y 为i 再加ly 。答案:happily
2. was是系动词,其后要跟形容词作表语,luck 的形容词形式为lucky ,但我们填上后发现句意不通:丢了钱她还能幸运吗?肯定是“不幸”,故应填它的反义词unlucky 。
3. 此题融合了形容词和副词使用的两个基本知识点:系动词后跟形容词作表语,实义动词后要用副词去修饰。look 为半系动词,后接形容词,sell 为实义动词,后接副词,而well 作形容词时专指身体状况“好”,nice 是形容词,不难得出答案为A 。
4. 要填的空在冠词和名词之间,所以一定要填形容词,change 的形容词形式为changeable 。
5. 据题意分析,空白处应填形容词作宾语eyes 的补足语。该题旨在通过特定的语境考查我们对形容词作宾语补足语这一基本语法规则的掌握情况。A 项close 虽然可作形容词,但意为“亲密的”,与题意不符;B 项可用作形容词,但意思是“开着的”“睁着眼的”,不符合“做眼保健操时闭着眼”这一事实;D 项open 加上ed 后成为过去分词型的形容词,故正确选项为C 。
6. 既然喜欢,说明它有趣,作表语,故选D 。英语中一些动词有两种形容词化的形式:-ing 和-ed 形式,它们的区别就在于: -ing形式一般作表语和定语,修饰物。如:It was an interesting book. The book is interesting.;-ed 形式其主语常应该是人,而不是物。如:
He became very interested in science. 他开始对科学非常感兴趣。
an interested look (一个关切的眼神)
有关-ing 和-ed 形式的形容词的用法,大家还可以参考2004年第8期P10的“-ing or -ed”一文。
冲锋号响了,请你抢先占领001高地!
[001高地]
1. It's hard to keep the house ________ with three kids. [04河北]
A. cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned D. clean
2. The meat smells ________. You'd better throw it away. [04南通]
A. wonderful B. wonderfully
C. badly D. bad
3. Harry Potter is an ________ book for children, but my cousin doesn't seem at all ______in it. [04广州]
A. interesting; interesting
B. interested; interested
C. interesting; interested
D. interested; interesting
4. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so________. (easy)[ 04上海]
5. Anyone who finds ________ animals, please send them to the SPCA kennels. (home) [04上海]
[锦囊二]形容词修饰不定代词时,要位于其后,作后置定语。
[考题回顾]
1. —Many people like to read the book Business @ the Speed of Thought. —That's right. There's ________ in it. [04哈尔滨]
A. something interesting
B. interesting something
C. nothing interesting
D. interesting nothing
2. You'd better not read today's newspaper because there is ________ in it. [04沈阳]
A. something interesting
B. anything new
C. important thing D. nothing special
[考题精讲]1. 由于许多人喜欢读这本书,所以它一定有吸引人的东西,故用
something ,又因为形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置,故选A 。2. 形容词修饰不定代词要后置,根据句意“今天的报纸你最好不要读”,原因是因为“没什么特别的(内容)”,故选D 。
你一定要想办法炸掉002炮台!
[002炮台]
1. —Is your mother badly ill?
—No, ________ , only a little cold. [04威海]
A. serious anything B. serious nothing
C. nothing serious D. anything serious
2. There's too much noise here. Let's go__________. [04昆明]
A. quiet everywhere B. somewhere quiet
C. everywhere quiet D. quiet somewhere
[锦囊三] 形容词、副词的原级使用要点
1. as+原级+as指同等程度的比较,意思是“和……一样”。
2. not as/so ...as指不同程度的比较,意思是“没有……那样”。
[考题回顾]
1. The ice in the lake is as ________ as it was before. [04山西]
A. thin B. thinner
C. thinnest D. the thinnest
2. Bob never does his homework ________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. [04河北]
A. so careful as B. as carefully as
C. carefully as D. as careful as
[考题精讲]1. as 加原级加as ,选A 。 2. does在此句中是实义动词,应用副词去修饰,使用carefully ,选B 。
赶快想办法跨越003壕沟哟!
[003壕沟]
1. They want the books ________ we do. [04武汉]
A. as more as B. so much than
C. as much as
2. 保护环境和发展经济同样重要。
Protecting the environment is _________ _________ _________ developing the economy. [04济南]
3. —Is chemistry more difficult than physics?
—No, chemistry isn't as ________as physics. [04南通]
A. easy B. difficult
C. easier D. more difficult
[锦囊四] 形容词、副词的比较级使用要点
1. 含A or B的要用比较级。
2. than前要用比较级,意思是“比……更……”。
3. much, a little, a lot, far, even, still修饰比较级,表示程度;而 very, rather, quite只能修饰原级。
4. 对自身程度的改变进行对比时,用“比较级+and+比较级”结构,但是以more 构成的比较级的形容词或副词,必须用“more and more+原级”的形式,表示“越来越……”。
5. 表示比较的一方程度随着另一方程度变化而改变时,用“the+比较级, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”。
[考题回顾]
1. Han Mei did rather________(bad) in the sports meeting. [04贵阳]
2. If you eat more, you will be fatter and fatter. (同义句)[03桂林]
The ________ you eat, the ______ you will be.
3. Cathy did quite ________ in the English competitions, I did even ________.[04沈阳]
A. better; well B. well; well
C. well; better D. better; better
[考题精讲]1. rather修饰原级,又因did 为实义动词,故用副词形式badly 。2. “比较级+and+比较级”可以和“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构转换,应填more...fatter 。3.quite 修饰原级,even 修饰比较级,故选C 。
胜利在望了,为占领制高点,冲啊!
[004制高点]
1. My sister is good at sports. She can jump________than me. [04长沙]
A. highest B. very high
C. too high D. much higher
2. Mike's car is much more expensive than Susan's. (改为同义句)[04广州] Susan's car is ________ ________than ________.
3. In the exam, the ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you'll make. [04烟台]
A. carefully, little
B. more carefully, fewest
C. more careful, fewer
D. more careful, less
[锦囊五] 形容词、副词的最高级使用要点
1. 最高级+of或in ,表示在某一范围内“最……”。of 一般跟个体名词的复数,in 一般跟集体名词。
2. 最高级+A,B or C?表示“A,B ,C 中,哪一个是最……的”。
3. the+序数词+最高级,表示“最……中的第……”。
4. one of+最高级+复数名词,意思是“……中的最……的一个”。
[考题回顾]
1. Tom has five horses on the farm. The white one is ________ of the five. [04武汉]
A. younger B. the youngest
C. most young
2. With a history of more than 1,400 years, the Zhaozhou Bridge is the ________ stone arch bridge in the world. [04河北]
A. old B. older
C. oldest D. elder
3. —Which is ______, the sun, the moon or the earth? [04北京]
—Of course the moon is.
A. small B. smaller
C. smallest D. the smallest
4. Hainan is a very large island. It's the second______ island in China. [03广东]
A. large B. larger
C. largest D. most large
5. Oct. 15th was one of ______ days in 2003.
The Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully. [04济南]
A. excitingB. more exciting
C. the most exciting
D. much exciting
[考题精讲]1. 后面有限定范围,用最高级,选B 。2. 后面有比较范围,用最高级,选C 。3. 在三者当中选择,用最高级,选D 。4. 根据“the+序数词+最高级”应选C 。5. 根据one of+最高级+复数名词,选C 。
冲过最后一道防线,胜利的果实一定属于你,加油吧!
[005防线]
1. Today is perhaps the________ day of these days. (hot)[04南通]
2. Mount Qomolangma is ________ mountain in the world. [04贵阳]
A. tall B. taller
C. the tallest D. tallest
3. Edison is one of the g ________ inventors in the world.[03桂林]
参考答案
001高地:1. D 2. D 3. C 4. easily 5. homeless
002炮台:1. C 2. B
003壕沟:1. C 2. as important as 3. B
004制高点:1. D 2. much cheaper / less expensive, Mike’s 3. C
005防线:1. hottest 2. C 3. greatest