复数名词不规则变化及发音
目录
复数名词发音规则 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
常见复数名词不规则发音 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
以-f 或-fe 结尾的部分名词,复数需将-f(e)变成v+es, 发音为/vz/; 其它以-f(e)结尾的属于规则变化 ...................................................................................... 4
以o 结尾的部分名词,复数需加-es; 其它属于规则变化 . ............................................................................................................................................................ 4
常见单复数同形的名词 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
常见部分外来词的不规则变化 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
其它名词的不规则变化 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
常见只表示复数意义的名词 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
常见不可数名词 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
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复数名词发音规则
以辅音/s/, /z/, /∫/, /z/, /t∫/ and /d z / 结尾的名词,复数加buses /‘bʌsiz/ crashes / ‘kræ∫iz/
-es 后,发音为/iz/ quizzes / ‘kwiziz/ garages / ‘gæra:ʒiz/
watches / ‘wɔt∫iz/ bridges / ‘bri dʒiz/ 以清辅音/p/, /f/, /θ/, /t/ or /k/结尾的名词, 复数加-(e)s后, cups /kʌps/ beliefs /bi ‘li:fs/ plates/pleits/ 发音为/s/ cloths/klɔθs/ books /buks/
其它常见的名词复数加-(e)s后,发音为/z/ days /deiz/ clothes /kləuz/
trees /tri:z/ ends /ends/
dreams /dri:mz/ songs /sɔŋz/
hills /hilz/ legs /legz/
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常见复数名词不规则发音
singular plural bath /ba: θ/ baths /ba: θs / or /ba:ðz/
house /haus/ houses / ‘hauziz/
mouth /mauθ/ mouths /mauθs / or /mauðz/ path /pa: θ/ paths /pa: θs / or /pa: ðz/
roof /ru:f/ roofs /ru:fs/ or /ru:vz/
truth /tru: θ/ truths /tru: θs/ or /tru: ðz/
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以-f 或-fe 结尾的部分名词,复数需将-f(e)变成v+es, 发音为/vz/; 其它以-f(e)结尾的属于规则变化
singular plural singular plural half halves /ha:vz/ self selves /selvz/
knife knifes shelf shelves
leaf leaves thief thieves
life lives wife wives
loaf loaves wolf wolves
calf calves sheaf sheaves
注意:dwarf, hoof, scarf and wharf的复数形式既可直接加-s, 也可将词尾-f(e)变成v+es.
以o 结尾的部分名词,复数需加-es; 其它属于规则变化
singular plural singular plural
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echo
hero echoes heroes potato tomato potatoes tomatoes
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常见单复数同形的名词
singular plural singular plural deer deer headquarters headquarters
sheep sheep fish fish
series series works(=factory) works
crossroads crossroads means means
species species Swiss Swiss
aircraft aircraft Chinese(及其它国籍以-ese 结Chinese
尾的名词)
注意:
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1 部分学科名词以-ics 结尾,如 mathematics, physics, athletics 是单数不可数名词,没有复数形式。
e.g. Too much mathematics is usually taught in schools.
有些学科名词以-ics 结尾,如 politics, statistics 也可被当做复数使用。
e.g. Politics is a complicated business. (But What are your politics? )
e.g. Statistics is useful in language testing. (But The unemployment statistics are disturbing.)
2 media (意为radio, TV, newspapers, the internet) 是medium 的复数 , 现在常被用作不可数名词。
3 data 是 datum 的复数形式,但现在 datum 已几乎不用了。而 data 现在既可被用作不可数名词,也可被用作复数名词,两者意义没有区别。
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常见部分外来词的不规则变化
singular plural singular plural analysis analyses crisis crises appendix appendices criterion criteria bacterium bacteria oasis Oases basis bases phenomenon Phenomena diagnosis diagnoses radius Radii formula formulae/formulas stimulus stimuli
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其它名词的不规则变化
singular plural singular plural
goose geese penny pence louse lice tooth teeth mouse mice woman women
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常见只表示复数意义的名词
cattle Many cattle are suffering from a disease called BSE. cattle 是bulls, cows, 和calves 的总称,没有单数形式,
不可用于表示个体动物的数量,如 clothes Your clothes are very beautiful. Clothes 是衣服的总称,没有单数形式,但其前出现量词
修饰时,谓语与量词的数量保持一致。如:a piece of
clothes is displaying in the shop.
people There were many people at the meeting. people 是复数形式,其单数形式是person ;peoples 表
示民族,种族。如:Some peoples are yellow races. staff The staff are on strike. staff 表示全体教员,职员,做主语时谓语动词既可是单数
The school's teaching staff is [are] excellent. 也可是复数; 可构成a staff of表示一群人. 美式英语中也
This company has a staff of fifty. 使用staffs.
crew None of the passengers and crew were injured. crew 表示全体船员,机务人员,是一个复数名词,但现
All the crew were saved. 在crews 运用也较多
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police The police are looking for a fair-haired man in his police 是复数名词,其单数是policeman.
twenties.
the French, The French are very proud of their sense of humour. the + 国籍的形容词形式,指复数形式,表示这个国家的the Dutch The Dutch declared their independence from Spain. 人,such as the Irish, the Spanish, the Welsh,
trousers, Your jeans are too tight. 此类名词没有单数形式。其他例子包括 pants, pyjamas jeans Jeans are popular among the young.
glasses, Where are my glasses ? glasses and scissors 用短语a pair of 修饰时谓语动词scissors There is a pair of scissors . 可用单数形式 contents, What are the contents ?(目录,内容) 常见类似用法的复数名词还有:groceries, manners, the customs, The customs have seized large quantities of Middle ages, outskirts, regards, congratulations, funds, smuggled heroin.(海关人员) thanks, remains, savings, surroundings, arms goods
常见不可数名词
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不可数名词 例句 同义可数用法 baggage All interline transferred automatically. A piece/item of baggage chess played by two people. A game of chess chewing gum A piece of stuck to my shoe. equipment All their good. A piece of equipment; a tool furniture Some made of bamboo. A piece/article of furniture; a table, chair. information that dated not useful. A piece of information knowledge no burden. A fact lightning usually followed by thunder. A flash of lightning luck His on the turn. A piece/bit/stroke of luck luggage My luggage is overweight. A piece/item of luggage; a case/truck/bag news No good . A piece of news permission for modification crucial too. - 12
poetry a difficult art. A poem progress not created by contented people. A step forward; an advance research The science mechanism founded. A piece of research; an experiment 0 rubbish The streets were littered with . A piece of rubbish traffic How terrible the ! Cars, etc. vocabulary His English limited. A word/expression 13