句式转换与英语作文句式丰富化

句式转换与英语作文句式丰富化

英语作文旨在考核学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，它要求思想表达正确，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。思想的表达需要通过句子来完成，而单调从“一”的句式(从头至尾一律是简单句或从句套从句)，显然使作文读起来枯燥无味。为使英语作文句式丰富化，增强英语作文的流畅性、动感性和节奏感，笔者介绍一些常用的句式转换方法。

一、善用“词”的转换

1. 形容词→名词

Her graceful movements won outbursts of applause. →The grace of her movements won outbursts of applause.

2. 名词→动词

The woman made a motion for the girl to come over. →The woman motioned for the girl to come over.

3. 动词→名词

The living conditions have greatly improved in the countryside.→Great improvement has been made in the countryside.

4. 副词→形容词

Obviously he didn’t understand.→It was obvious that he didn’t understand.

5. 形容词→副词

The girl laughed a merry laugh.→The girl laughed merrily.

6. 副词→介词＋名词

Jim looked about the room desperately.→Jim looked about the room with desperation.

7. 动词→合成形容词

The train moves slowly.→It’s a slow-moving train.

8. 动词→替代词

He enjoys listening to music.→He likes/ prefers listening to music.

二、活用“短语”与“从句”

1. 从句→分词短语

As he was lying in the grass, he thought of his boyhood.→Lying in the grass, he thought of his boyhood.(现在分词短语）

As Granny was struck by the boy’s sincerity, she wanted to see him again.

→Struck by the boy’s sincerity, Granny wanted to see him again.（过去分词短语）

2. 从句→不定式短语

He spoke louder so that the audience could hear him clearly.→For the audience to hear him clearly, he spoke louder.

3. 从句→动名词复合结构

That they will come and visit our school is encouraging news to us.→Their coming and visiting our school is encouraging news to us.

4. 动词→介词短语

The bridge is being built.→The bridge is under construction.

5. 从句→形容词短语

As he was tired and hungry, the man was unwilling to move on.→Tired and hungry, the man was unwilling to move on.

6. 介词短语→主语

The war broke out on the evening of November 3.→The evening of November 3 saw the break of the war.（名词作主语，生动）

7. 表语从句→主语从句

The most appealing to her was what was in him.→What was in him was the most appealing to her.

8. 直接引语→间接引语

Tom said, “I’ll take the chance as possible as I can.”→Tom said that he would take the chance as possible as he could.

9. 其他结构→系表结构

When Helen and Jane parted, they were good friends.→Helen and Jane parted good friends.

10. 介词宾语→同源宾语

He expressed his relief with a deep sigh when hearing the news.→He sighed a deep sigh of relief when hearing the news.

11. 修饰成分在句首、句中和句末

In fact, speaking is one of the most important means of communication.→Speaking is in fact one of the most important means of communication.

12. 简单句、并列句和主从复合句的互变

There are many means of getting information and they enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.→There are many means of getting information which enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.

三、巧用“修辞”手段

1.正常语序→倒装语序

I seldom made any mistakes during my past five years of service here.→Seldom did I make any mistakes during my past five years of service here.

2. 正常句→强调句式

His grandparents moved to the US last summer. →It was last summer that his grandparents moved to the US .

3. 陈述句→感叹句

I miss my elder sister very much.→How much I miss my elder sister!

4. 完全句→省略句

What will happen if she finds out that you’ve lost her book?→What if she finds out that you’ve lost her book?

5. 陈述句→反问句

The passers-on viewed the accident.→Didn’t the passers-on view the accident?

6. 祈使句→疑问句

Don’t critisize him any more, please.→Will you please not critisize him any more?

7. 松散句→尾重句(periodic sentence)

It is strange enough that such a woman should have written one of the best books in the world.→That such a woman should have written one of the best books in the world is strange enough.

8. 尾重句→松散句

When reason is against a man, he will be against reason.→He will be against reason when reason is against a man.

以上是英语作文句式丰富化的一些常用的句式转换方法，考生在写作中可灵活加以运用。 当然，连接词、过渡词和标点符号在丰富英语作文句式中的运用也很重要，应当综合把握。