朝鲜歌剧[梁祝]"娘家"化蝶

　　40载如水流年，朝鲜的《卖花姑娘》《红楼梦》《梁山伯与祝英台》先后在中朝各地巡演近千场，都令观众泪湿衣襟，广受好评。在这成功的背后，凝聚了太多中朝文化交流融合的元素。

　　

　　2011年11月21日晚上，地处钱塘江边的杭州大剧院里正在上演一场朝鲜版的歌剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。

　　随着一阵委婉动听的小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》的旋律在大剧院里响起，红色的丝绒大幕徐徐拉开，祝英台、梁山伯身穿中国古代的服装、鞋帽，双双踱上舞台，动作优美，令人陶醉。

　　这部为纪念中国人民志愿军赴朝参战60周年而编创的《梁祝》歌舞剧，由朝鲜血海歌剧团排演。血海歌剧团是在朝鲜民主主义共和国两代领导人金日成和金正日的特别关怀下于1971年7月17日成立的，建团以来先后有150多位艺术家荣获人民艺术家、人民演员和功勋演员称号。该团因创作了经典革命歌剧《血海》而得名，此后又创作了《卖花姑娘》《党的好女儿》《金刚山之歌》等众多优秀歌剧作品。

　　这次血海歌剧团排演的朝鲜版《梁山伯与祝英台》在本国各地演出成功后，便应中国文化部邀请在杭州、上海、沈阳等地巡演，其演职员阵容有近200人，总导演由朝鲜人民艺术家蔡明锡担任，人民艺术家、大型团体操《阿里郎》的编舞金睦龙担任编舞，优秀青年演员吴青松、崔艺玉分别饰演剧中的梁山伯与祝英台。全剧“乔装求学”、“草桥结拜”、“万松书院”、“同窗三载”、“大红花轿”等6场10景依次展现，将梁山伯与祝英台的凄美爱情演绎得缠绵悱恻。

　　在“梁祝”故地浙江上演的朝鲜版《梁祝》，既内含大量中国文化艺术元素，又有朝鲜文化的特色，可以说是中朝文化交流的结晶，也是中朝友谊的象征。

　　为适合中国观众欣赏，蔡明锡导演在创作中加入了许多中国文化元素。整台歌剧以中国观众熟悉的小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》的旋律开始，布景设计则借鉴了宋代山水画风，舞台上被粉红色菊花点缀的传统中国建筑很快映入观众的眼帘，不觉让人眼前一亮：假山、梅花、红柱、白墙、黑瓦，极富中国文化特色；特别是梁、祝两人当年求学的万松书院和西湖、雷峰塔景点等浙江元素，让观众既熟悉又亲切。在表演“万松书院求学”一幕中，朝鲜演员用赛诗的方式来呈现两人的倾慕之情，产生了非常强烈的效果，引起杭州观众的共鸣。演出结束，走出剧场的许多观众惊叹：这出《梁祝》简直就是杭州的宣传片。

　　整场演出在完整表达中国经典故事原著的基础上，融入了大量朝鲜文化艺术元素。在歌剧中运用“旁白”表现手法，气势磅礴，虽然用的是朝鲜语，但观众因熟悉剧情，仿佛都听懂了意思；在舞蹈编排上，将朝鲜舞蹈与中国舞蹈相结合，不仅浪漫优美，让观众如痴如醉，而且呈现了浓郁的中朝文化艺术融合的独特魅力。

　　朝鲜歌剧演员身上的120套服装和60套舞蹈演员服装都是浙江小百花越剧团的戏剧服饰专家蓝玲的工作室人员手工精心制作而成；舞美道具则由中国国家话剧院舞美灯光师王尧带领的中方舞美小组提供，道具样样考究、精致，小到换景的“小推车”，大到体现中国艺术元素的布景，都得到了中国文化部等方面的大力支持，为歌剧增色不少。

　　剧中有三段歌舞的确让人惊艳。“十八相送”时，梁祝二人划船而过。突然，一群活泼可爱的鹅从船头现身。仔细一看，原来是女演员们把鹅道具套在手臂上进行表演。只有这样，鹅的姿态才能活灵活现。

　　“化蝶”是全剧高潮，当为追求爱情的祝英台纵身跃入梁山伯的坟墓后，舞台一片黑暗。此时，几十位女演员身披蝶衣在舞台上展翅，祝英台和梁山伯也化成两只大蝴蝶在舞台中间翩翩飞舞。现场由于结合了多媒体声光电技术的舞美设计，通过光线、特效的辅助，形成了中国传统艺术“亦真亦幻”的美感境界。

　　在两个多小时的演出中，朝鲜血海歌剧团的演员们用精湛的表演、优美的唱词及婀娜的舞姿，征服了在场所有观众，杭州大剧院里不时响起阵阵热烈的掌声。

　　浙江省委常委、宣传部长茅临生等领导观看了演出，并走上舞台祝贺朝鲜演员演出成功。

　　

　　朝鲜歌剧《梁祝》突出中国风格，又充分体现了朝鲜文化特色。（任珑 摄）

　　The DPRK version of Butterfly Lovers highlights both Chinese and Korean styles.

　　

　　朝鲜版《梁祝》在“娘家”化蝶。（任珑 摄）

　　The DPRK version of Butterfly Lovers present the dramatic moment.

　　

　　

　　朝鲜歌剧《梁祝》的舞台布景中充满西湖、雷峰塔、万松书院等浙江元素。

　　（刘力航 摄）

　　The settings of DPRK version depict the lake scenery of Hangzhou.

　　

　　朝鲜歌剧《梁祝》演员服装均由浙江小百花越剧团著名服装师蓝玲所主持的工作室手工缝制。

　　The costumes for the DPRK version of Butterfly Lovers were created by Hangzhou artists.

　　

　　DPRK Artists Stage Butterfly Lovers Where Romance Blossomed

　　By Zhong You

　　

　　On the evening of November 21, 2011, artists of Phibada Opera Troupe of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) staged a Korean version of ancient Chinese love tragedy best known as “Butterfly Lovers” at Hangzhou Grand Theater on Qiantang River.

　　Hangzhou is where the romance first blossomed hundreds of years ago when a young man and a young woman studied together at an academy of Chinese classics. Over the past decades, the story has been adapted to various regional opera genres, television dramas, and films. A namesake violin concerto has made “Butterfly Lovers” well known all over the world among music lovers and serves as a milestone in China’s cultural landscape.

　　The DPRK version is something brand new to Chinese audience familiar with a full range of interpretations. It was created in honor of the 60th anniversary of the Chinese Volunteers Army’s engagement of Korea War. Founded in July 17, 1971 with concerns of top DPRK leaders, Phibada Troupe has created some impressive opera plays, which have been highly popular with Chinese audience.

　　After a tour across China staging the DPRK’s version of “Butterfly Lovers,” the troupe was invited by the Ministry of Culture to present additional performances in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Shenyang.

　　The opera play was directed by Chae Myeong-Suk, a People’s Artist who has directed the opera A Dream of Red Mansions, and the choreographer is Kim Mok-Yong, another People’s Artist who has choreographed the grand group calisthenics Arirang. Nearly 200 artists took part in the show.

　　In order to enable Chinese audience to better appreciate the foreign version of the familiar legend, the director added quite a few Chinese elements. The play starts with a melody from the violin concerto; the stage background shows the landscape style of the Song Dynasty (960-1279); plum flowers, red pillars, white wall, black roof tile are all cultural symbols quite familiar to Chinese theatergoers; the scenery of the West Lake appears in the settings. No wonder many audience members in Hangzhou commented that the play was literally a promotional show for the paradise city.

　　Thanks to the help from Chinese professionals, the legendary romance looked extremely Chinese. 120 costumes for actors and 60 costumes for dancers were prepared by artists at Lan Ling Studio. Lan Ling is a costume designer working for Zhejiang One Hundred Little Flowers Yueju Opera Troupe. The dance stage design was provided by Wang Yao, a lighting engineer and stage designer of Beijing-based China National Drama Theater. All the support provided by Chinese artists was coordinated by the Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China.

　　The more-than-two-hour gala convinced and conquered the audience of Hangzhou. They responded by warmly applauding.

　　Mao Linsheng, a member of the Standing Committee of CPC Zhejiang Committee and director of Information Department, and other provincial leaders watched the performance. After the show, the leaders came onto the stage to congratulate the DPRK artists on the spectacular success.

　　

　　朝鲜歌剧《梁祝》在杭州大剧院演出，将梁山伯和祝英台的凄美爱情演绎得缠绵悱恻。

　　The DPRK version of Butterfly Lovers relates a heart-touching romance.