高级英语修辞总结
Figures of speech in English
1.Simile is a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to(比作) another 明喻 比喻词常见的有like, as, as…as…等。
……swept like a fresh wind through the schools…
The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.
…when Bryan swept the political arena like a prairie fire. as fast as a hare, as stupid as a goose
2.Metaphor is a an implied simile暗喻
If you are out of the picture, the field would be open. (If you’re no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) others would be free to compete for her friendship.)
We can batten down and ride it out
The pupils took a leaf out of their teacher’s book.
No one have any idea where it will go, as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.
3.Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the
substitution of the name of one thing for that of another借代/转喻
The pen is mightier than the sword.
But I was not one to let my heart rule my head.
He has an eye for beauty/an ear for music/a smooth tongue/a sharp tongue.
I’ve got five Shakespeares.
He is driving a Ford.
4.Synecdoche is a figure of speech which consists in taking a part for the whole or the whole for a part.提喻 部分代整体或整体代部分
Are they really the same flesh as yourself?
The poor man without income has six mouths to feed. Great minds think alike.
You are a noble heart.
Grey hair is taken good care of.
Moscow and Washington will hold talks on this issue.
5.Antithesis is the setting of contrasting phrases or statements opposite each other for emphasis 对照 意义相反或相对的词、短语、句子出现在对称的位置上。
…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.
If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.
…ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.
United we stand; divided we fall.
A fall in the pit, a gain in the wit.
Give me liberty, or give me death.
6.Hyperbole is the deliberate use of exaggeration to achieve emphasis 夸张
I haven’t seen you for ages.
The two views are miles apart.
I’m dying of thirst/ to know the truth.
In the spring of New England I could count one hundred and thirty-six different kinds of weather inside of twenty-four hours.
7.Personification is a figure of speech that gives human form, character, or sensibility to animals, plants, or abstractions. 拟人
Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.
The bird was standing gloomily in his cage, glaring at us with his sardonic eyes.
Walls have ears.
The past year witnessed great progress in my oral English.
8.alliteration 头韵 重复出现开头音相同的单词。 Let us go forth to lead the land we love…
fighting for his hearth and home…
The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew;
9. T ransferred epithet is a qualifying adjective transferred from a person to a thing. 移就 本应该用来描写甲事物的修饰语移来描写乙事物。
There was an amazed silence.
The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young.
The enemy fled in a blind haste.
What a lame excuse you have made.
She tossed on her sleepless bed all last night.
The embarrassing five minutes were gone.
10.Euphemism 委婉语 用温和、雅致、悦耳甚至含糊的语言代替粗俗、生硬等给人带来不快的说法。 …final release from earthly struggles…
When we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep — but forever.
11. Allusion is a reference to sth in history or previous literature.
To meet one’s Waterloo means to meet one’s failure. Is she really ill or is she just crying for wolf? I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein,…
12. Parody 就是故意模仿某一著名的名言、警句或谚语,改动部分词语而表达一种新的思想,从而达到讽刺、嘲弄或幽默的目的。 What ’s Polly to me or me to Polly?
A word in time saves nine. 关键时刻的一句话可省去将来许多口舌。
A word is known by the company it keeps.